Gullain

The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection (COVID-19) has caused many casualties, mainly respiratory infections. However, it has also caused several neurological disorders including encephalitis/encephalopathy, demyelinating disease, Gullain-Barré sydrome etc. In addition, it has been clarified that movement disorders develop within a few days to weeks after infection. Vaccination for COVID-19 has progressed, but autoimmune neurological complications have also been reported. Although a causal relationship is suspected over time, this paper describes the pathophysiology of movement disorders such as myoclonus, opsoclonus, parkinsonism, and cerebellar ataxia, which are relatively common in COVID-19 infections, and their relevance to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine...

OBJECTIVE: To determine electrophysiological pattern and predictors of functional outcomes of patients with Gullain Barre Syndrome (GBS) at a tertiary care hospital. STUDY DESIGN: Observational study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY: Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan from January 2016 to July 2020. METHODOLOGY: A total of 62 patients with GBS of all age groups, gender, locations and those with no other primary diagnosis such as poliomyelitis, botulism, hysterical paralysis, toxin neuropathy and diabetic neuropathy were included...

Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus that is mainly transmitted by Aedes mosquitos and normally causes mild symptoms. During the outbreak in the Americas in 2015, it was associated with more severe implications, like microcephaly in new-borns and the Gullain-Barré syndrome. The lack of specific vaccines and cures strengthen the need for a deeper understanding of the virus life cycle and virus-host interactions. The restriction factor tetherin (THN) is an interferon-inducible cellular protein with broad antiviral properties...

Patients with neurological symptoms should be enquired about recent vaccination history. It is important after the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, which is newly introduced as it might link to the development of a wider variety of neurological diseases.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

An 18-year-old man presented with 5-days of a lower extremity rash, sore throat, rapidly progressive bilateral facial numbness and paresthesias in his distal extremities. His neurological examination acutely deteriorated to include moderate bilateral facial weakness in a lower motor neuron pattern, mild flaccid dysarthria, mild bilateral interossei weakness, and diffuse hyporeflexia. In addition to neurological examination, EMG results of acute demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy were suggestive of Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS)...

The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a newly emerged pathogen in the Western hemisphere. It was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization in 2016. There have been 223,477 confirmed cases, including 3720 congenital syndrome cases since 2015. ZIKV infection symptoms range from asymptomatic to Gullain⁻Barré syndrome and extensive neuropathology in infected fetuses. Passive and active vaccines have been unsuccessful in the protection from or the treatment of flaviviral infections due to antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE)...

Peripheral nerves, which consist of an axon and a unique glial cell called a Schwann cell, transduce signals from the brain and spinal cord to target organs. Peripheral nerve degeneration leads to distal motor or sensory disorders such as diabetic neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, and Gullain-Barré syndrome, with symptoms such as dysesthesia, speech impairment, vision change, erectile dysfunction, and urinary incontinence. Schwann cells play an important role in peripheral nerve degeneration. Therefore, revealing the characteristics of Schwann cells will be essential in understanding peripheral neurodegeneration-related diseases for which there is currently no effective treatment...

We report a case of Gullain-Barré syndrome after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in a diabetic male with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura who recovered fully after treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin without any residual weakness.

CONTEXT: Spondylodiscitis, or vertebral osteomyelitis, is an unusual infection of the vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs that can occasionally present with neurological signs. FINDINGS: We present a patient with subacute flaccid paraparesis with associated albuminocytologic dissociation who was eventually diagnosed with spondylodiscitis. CONCLUSION: The case presented depicts a diagnostic difficulty encountered in clinical practice: Albuminocytologic dissociation in CSF is not always attributed to Guillain-Barre syndrome and other possible causes such as obstructive spinal cord lesions must always be considered...

BACKGROUND: Extrapulmonary complications of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (M. pneumoniae) infection include encephalitis, optic neuritis, acute psychosis, stroke, cranial nerve palsies, aseptic meningitis and also it may be implicated in immune mediated neurological diseases such as acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and transverse myelitis. CASE PRESENTATION: We present five cases with acute neurological diseases after M. pneumoniae infection...

Experimental autoimmune neuritis (EAN) serves as an animal model for human Gullain-Barre syndrome (GBS), an autoimmune disease causing demyelination and inflammation of peripheral nerves. Macrophages, which play a major role in this autoimmune inflammatory process, can be selectively targeted by high doses of bisphophonates. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of the bisphosphonate, clodronate, on the severity of the EAN model. EAN was induced in female adult rats by immunization with bovine peripheral myelin...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVES: To find the incidence, clinical pattern and outcome of Guillain-Barre syndrome in the Sultanate of Oman in children less than 15 years of age. METHODS: All children under fifteen years with acute flaccid paralysis were admitted to identify the underlying cause. The diagnosis of Gullain Barre syndrome was made by clinical criteria, cerebrospinal fluid findings and nerve conduction studies. Intravenous immunoglobulins were given to all and two needed plasmapharesis...

Diagnosis of previous C. jejuni infections in GBS patients are mostly based on serological findings. However, there are not consensus what kind of antigen should be used in the serological assays. In our study we used ELISA with four different antigen preparations for investigation of specific antibodies to C. jejuni in serum samples obtained from 6 children with GBS. In all patients the high level of IgA and IgG antibodies to LPS were diagnosed. The antibodies in particular classes of immunoglobulins to recombinant proteins (Mikrogen), termostabile antigen and whole-cell antigen (Virion/Serion) of C...

Adult-onset Still's disease is a rare systemic inflammatory illness. The condition is difficult to diagnose because the illness can resemble sepsis and other well known conditions. This case report concerns a 67 year-old woman with adult-onset Still's disease in two rare manifestations: acute respiratory distress syndrome and neurological manifestation in the form of Gullain Barré syndrome.

A 35-year-old female presented with three days' history of aching discomfort in her back, chest, and ankles. She had also noticed increasing weakness of her legs and a week before admission had shown flu-like symptoms. Chest X-ray showed bilateral hilar and right paratracheal lymphadenopathy. Bronchoscopic biopsies revealed non-caseating granuloma. She was diagnosed with sarcoidosis and was given prednisolone. The patient developed facial palsy and rapidly progressive ascending paralysis beginning from the lower extremities on the third and fourth days after initial presentation, respectively...

BACKGROUND: Kano is the most populated state in Nigeria with a population totaling 9,383,682. The pattern of neurologic diseases in this area is not known. OBJECTIVE: To determine the of pattern of neurologic diseases warranting admission in a tertiary hospital in Kano and compare it with those elsewhere in the country with the view to using the data generated as a baseline for planning purposes and for future studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The medical records of all cases admitted with neurologic diseases in the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano between January 2005 and September 2008, were retrospectively reviewed and the frequency of neurologic diseases, sex, age, and outcome of these diseases analyzed...

OBJECTIVES: To see the pattern, and outcome of Guillain Barre syndrome in this country. METHODS: All the children under fifteen years with final diagnosis of Guillain-Barre syndrome formed the subjects of the study. All children with acute flaccid paralysis were investigated for the underlying cause. The diagnosis of Gullain-Barre syndrome was made on clinical criteria, cerebrospinal findings and the nerve conduction studies. Intravenous immunoglobulins were given to all and only two children needed plasmapharesis...

Infection by Campylobacter jejuni is considered to be the most prevalent cause of bacterial-mediated diarrhoeal disease worldwide. Both in the developing and the developed world, young children remain most susceptible. Although disease is generally mild and self-limiting, severe post-infectious complications such as Gullain-Barré syndrome may occur. Despite the significant health burden caused by the organism, our current understanding of disease pathogenesis remains in its infancy. Elucidation of the genome sequences of many different C...