instructional design

The topic of attentional focus (focus of attention, FOA) in musical learning and performance has recently received increasing interest, as the growing number of empirical studies inspired by the established FOA paradigm in sports by Wulf and colleagues in 1998. The current systematical review aims at collecting, abstracting, and categorizing relevant data to show which kinds of FOA instructions were applied in experimental designs and what kinds of dependent variables were used to measure the effects of FOA instruction on musical performance...

BACKGROUND: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools are designed to create or generate content from their trained parameters using an online conversational interface. AI has opened new avenues in redefining the role boundaries of teachers and learners and has the potential to impact the teaching-learning process. METHODS: In this descriptive proof-of- concept cross-sectional study we have explored the application of three generative AI tools on drug treatment of hypertension theme to generate: (1) specific learning outcomes (SLOs); (2) test items (MCQs- A type and case cluster; SAQs; OSPE); (3) test standard-setting parameters for medical students...

Current mesh materials used for the clinical treatment of abdominal defects struggle to balance mechanical properties and bioactivity to support tissue remodeling. Therefore, a bioactive microgel-coated electrospinning membrane was designed with the superiority of cell-instructive topology in guiding cell behavior and function for abdominal wall defect reconstruction. The electrostatic spinning technique was employed to prepare a bioabsorbable PLCL fiber membrane with an effective mechanical support. Additionally, decellularized matrix (dECM)-derived bioactive microgels were further coated on the fiber membrane through co-precipitation with dopamine, which was expected to endow cell-instructive hydrophilic interfaces and topological morphologies for cell adhesion...

Transformer neural networks show promising capabilities, in particular for uses in materials analysis, design, and manufacturing, including their capacity to work effectively with human language, symbols, code, and numerical data. Here, we explore the use of large language models (LLMs) as a tool that can support engineering analysis of materials, applied to retrieving key information about subject areas, developing research hypotheses, discovery of mechanistic relationships across disparate areas of knowledge, and writing and executing simulation codes for active knowledge generation based on physical ground truths...

Due to the heavy burden on human drivers when remotely controlling hexapod robots in complex terrain environments, there is a critical need for robot intelligence to assist in generating control commands. Therefore, this study proposes a mapping process framework that generates a combination of human-robot commands based on decision target values, focusing on the task of robot intelligence assisting drivers in generating human-robot command combinations. Furthermore, human-robot state constraints are quantified as geometric constraints on robot motion and driver fatigue constraints...

Our hospital introduced the da Vinci Xi Surgical System in April 2022. At the same time, laparoscopic surgery was also introduced to produce endoscopic surgical skill qualification system: qualified surgeon. Open surgery for trainees was also continued as before, and young surgeons were instructed to always keep their motivation high. After the introduction of robotic surgery, conferences that were accessible to trainees were held on a regular basis. In addition, the environment was designed to allow anyone to train da Vinci Surgical System...

Embryos, originating from fertilized eggs, undergo continuous cell division and differentiation, accompanied by dramatic changes in transcription, translation, and metabolism. Chromatin regulators, including transcription factors (TFs), play indispensable roles in regulating these processes. Recently, the trophoblast regulator TFAP2C was identified as crucial in initiating early cell fate decisions. However, Tfap2c transcripts persist in both the inner cell mass and trophectoderm of blastocysts, prompting inquiry into Tfap2c's function in post-lineage establishment...

INTRODUCTION: The objective of the study was to assess if improvement of the learner experience could be achieved through the use of instructional design strategies in current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) training. This is a novel application in a topic that is known to be boring but is critical to ensuring patient safety. METHODS: An experimental randomized controlled repeated measures cross-over design was utilized in a sample of pharmacy students to determine the effect of an intervention training strategy (which utilized a mix of strategies including weeding, signaling, use of multimedia, and optimized space and type) on the learner experience (Evaluation, Overall Satisfaction, Perceived Knowledge, and Future Recommendation) compared with a control...

AIM: This study sought to assess how the flipped classroom model of instruction affected self-directed learning readiness and learning outcomes among Nigerian nursing students enrolled in a research method class. BACKGROUND: Although the effectiveness of the flipped classroom model of instruction has been thoroughly and scientifically investigated in several fields, its potential to promote self-directed learning readiness and learning outcomes in a research method class has not yet been investigated...

PURPOSE: Clinicians address a wide range of oral language skills when working with school-age students with language and literacy difficulties (LLDs). Therefore, there is a critical need for carefully designed, rigorously tested, multicomponent contextualized language interventions (CLIs) that have a high likelihood of successful implementation and measurable academic impacts. This clinical focus article summarizes the development and testing of a CLI entitled Supporting Knowledge in Language and Literacy (SKILL), which is a supplementary narrative intervention program for elementary school-age children...

For physician associate/assistant (PA) educators, the path of least resistance often is to focus our cognitive energies on topics with which we are most comfortable and to deliver content in the style in which we are most accustomed. The consequence of this approach is that many didactic curricula are delivered in a traditional, lecture-based format, which then aligns with how the faculty were taught. Studies show that lecture-based teaching may not be the most effective and that blending teaching modalities can improve knowledge acquisition...

PURPOSE: The study purpose was to compare the practice patterns captured by self-reported logbook data and those recorded by a computerized home program application. The current study is part of a larger single-case research design study aimed at investigating the effect of logbook use on home program adherence in people with aphasia poststroke. METHOD: Data from six adults with chronic aphasia with interest in improving their reading were used in this secondary analysis...

OBJECTIVE: Brain-computer interface (BCI) systems with large directly accessible instruction sets are one of the difficulties in BCI research. Research to achieve high target resolution (≥ 100) has not yet entered a rapid development stage, which contradicts the application requirements. Steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based BCIs have an advantage in terms of the number of targets, but the competitive mechanism between the target stimulus and its neighboring stimuli is a key challenge that prevents the target resolution from being improved significantly...

In stroke rehabilitation, simple robotic devices hold the potential to increase the training dosage in group therapies and to enable continued therapy at home after hospital discharge. However, we identified a lack of portable and cost-effective devices that not only focus on improving motor functions but also address sensory deficits. Thus, we designed a minimally-actuated hand training device that incorporates active grasping movements and passive pronosupination, complemented by a rehabilitative game with meaningful haptic feedback...

Continuous manufacturing of pharmaceuticals offers several benefits, such as increased production efficiency, enhanced product quality control, and lower environmental footprint. To fully exploit these benefits, standard operation mode (production processes with no or minimal disturbance mitigation measures) should be supported by adopting novel quality-by-control (QbC) methodologies. The paper at hand is the first part of a study focused on developing QbC algorithms for optimizing twin-screw wet granulation in the industrial manufacturing line ConsiGmaTM -25, specifically addressing granule composition...

The ubiquity and ease with which microbial cells disperse over space is a key concept in microbiology, especially in microbial ecology. The phenomenon prompted Baas Becking's famous "everything is everywhere" statement that now acts as the null hypothesis in studies that test the dispersal limitation of microbial taxa. Despite covering the content in lectures, exam performance indicated that the concepts of dispersal and biogeography challenged undergraduate students in an upper-level Microbial Ecology course...

People correct for movement errors when acquiring new motor skills (de novo learning) or adapting well-known movements (motor adaptation). While de novo learning establishes new control policies, adaptation modifies existing ones, and previous work have distinguished behavioral and underlying brain mechanisms for each motor learning type. However, it is still unclear whether learning in each type interferes with the other. In study 1, we use a within-subjects design where participants train with both 30° visuomotor rotation and mirror reversal perturbations, to compare adaptation and de novo learning respectively...

Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to execute an intention in the future without having a permanent reminder. These intentions can be performed when they are not relevant or become no-longer needed, the so-called "commission errors". The present study aims to understand the effect of cue salience on PM commission errors with unperformed intentions and on the ongoing task performance-associated costs. Through a between-subjects design, eighty-one participants were assigned to 3 conditions: the no-PM condition, which served as control, and the salient and nonsalient conditions, which were asked to perform a lexical decision task and an incomplete nonfocal prospective memory task (i...

This study examined instructional practices and challenges English language teachers face in elementary schools. This study used a phenomenological approach and a mixed-method design. The data were collected through four tools: questionnaires, case studies, interviews, and observations in eight elementary schools in which eight educators and two hundred students participated from schools of three districts in central Punjab, Pakistan. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of teachers and students regarding the current pedagogical and instructional practices employed in English language classes...

The purpose of the research was to investigate university teachers' perceptions of information and communication technology (ICT) to enhance teaching and construct new knowledge. The objective was to determine how teachers at the University of the Gambia perceived the effectiveness of the TPACK (Technology, Pedagogy, and Content Knowledge) model in teaching through ICT and how different attributes of teachers affect their level of TPACK knowledge. This study used a questionnaire, adapted from the TPACK model, which was administered to 88 faculty selected purposively from the University of the Gambia to collect data on their level of awareness of ICT-based teaching...