thyroid contraceptives

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the most common risk factors (RFs) for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) development in general. The aim of this study was to identify the most frequent causes of RVO in patients under 50. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated a group of patients with RVO under 50 years. The parameters of interest included age and sex, RVO type, presence of arterial hypertension (HT), hyperlipidaemia (HLD), diabetes mellitus (DM), congenital thrombophilic disorder (TD), obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS), thyroid eye disease (TED), use of hormone contraception (HC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT), glaucoma and other potential RFs...

A 46-year-old female came to the gynecology outpatient department with heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding. The examination revealed a thyroid mass and tachycardia. Systemic and gynecological examinations were insignificant. Laboratory tests revealed a deranged thyroid profile which was further explored by performing magnetic resonance imaging. This revealed a functioning pituitary microadenoma producing thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). This entity is known as a TSHoma. Ultrasonography of the abdomen and pelvis showed increased endometrial thickness...

BACKGROUND: Syrian refugee women face health care disparities and experience worse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage. We investigated risk factors for miscarriage in Syrian refugee women living in non-camp settings in Jordan to identify targets for interventions. METHODS: We analyzed data from Women ASPIRE, a cross-sectional study of gendered physical and mental health concerns of 507 Syrian refugee women (≥ 18 years old) living in non-camp settings in Jordan...

Reproductive dysfunction is a multifactorial problem, for the correction of which the most difficult are cases of pathology comorbidity. Individual preconception preparation, taking into account risk factors, is recognized as an effective measure to increase the chances of conception and prevent reproductive losses. OBJECTIVE: Optimization of treatment and rehabilitation measures at the preconception stage in patients with reproductive disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The effectiveness of the use of natural and preformed physical factors in the preconception preparation of 180 women who underwent medical and rehabilitation measures in the health resort of the Altai Territory - the resort town of Belokurikha (Group 1, 79 patients) and outpatient conditions in the city of Barnaul (Group 2, 101 patients)...

GnRH agonists (GnRHa) are a useful tool for pretreatment before artificial endometrial preparation for frozen-thawed embryo-transfer (FET). Their prolonged administration has been associated with thyroid dysfunction, both hyper and hypothyroidism. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of GnRHa administration on thyroid function in women undergoing artificial endometrial preparation. Seventy-eight euthyroid women undergoing endometrial preparation with hormone replacement for FET were retrospectively reviewed...

It is estimated that polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects about 10% of women of reproductive age in the United States. Principal risk factors include obesity and a family history of PCOS. A diagnosis of PCOS should be considered in women with irregular or absent menstrual cycles, issues related to hyperandrogenism, or infertility. The Rotterdam diagnostic criteria require two of the following three factors: oligo- or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries identified on ultrasonography...

We explored opportunities for personalized and predictive health care by collecting serial clinical measurements, health surveys, genomics, proteomics, autoantibodies, metabolomics, and gut microbiome data from 96 individuals who participated in a data-driven health coaching program over a 16-month period with continuous digital monitoring of activity and sleep. We generated a resource of >20,000 biological samples from this study and a compendium of >53 million primary data points for 558,032 distinct features...

Melasma is a hypermelanotic skin disorder characterized by dark brown macules of symmetrical sizes and shapes that develop over time. Apart from the multiple etiological factors for melasma, such as hormonal imbalances, thyroid dysfunction, drugs, and contraceptive pills, a new and significant cause has been discovered: the effect of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is the result of disequilibrium between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants in the cells. It is a key element that can cause skin hypopigmentation or hyperpigmentation...

Endometriosis is a benign uterine disorder characterized by menstrual pain and infertility, deeply affecting women's health. It is a chronic disease and requires a long term management. Hormonal drugs are currently the most used for the medical treatment and are based on the endocrine pathogenetic aspects. Estrogen-dependency and progesterone-resistance are the key events which cause the ectopic implantation of endometrial cells, decreasing apoptosis and increasing oxidative stress, inflammation and neuroangiogenesis...

In this second of a 2-part editorial, we continue our discussion of the importance of being aware that some clinically important prescription drugs can impair bone metabolism. While obviously most critical for women (and men) with osteopenia or osteoporosis, the guidance here is directly relevant to all patients as many are already experiencing decreased bone regeneration even if not severe enough for a formal diagnosis. Part One covered aromatase inhibitors, gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists, anticonvulsants, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, insulin sensitizers, and NSAIDs and acetaminophen...

Prescription and over-the-counter drugs have been effectively used to manage many diseases and to provide symptom relief. Unfortunately, their use may also result in adverse drug reactions and unintended consequences. Proper use of these powerful agents requires understanding both their desired effects and their potential downsides. Fully understanding the unintended consequences can be challenging. Virtually all safety studies are carried out for far shorter periods of time than the actual use of these agents in the real world...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between female medical history and thyroid cancer. Methods: Data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study were collected from 2004 to 2016. Among a total of 1303 participants with thyroid cancer and 106,602 control (non-thyroid cancer) participants, the odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of hysterectomy, oophorectomy, use of oral contraceptives, and number of children were evaluated. Results: The adjusted OR of hysterectomy for thyroid cancer was 1...

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Metformin-induced reduction in prolactin levels is more pronounced in users of hormonal contraception than in non-users. The current study was aimed at investigating whether physiological concentrations of estradiol determine the impact of metformin on lactotrope secretory function. METHODS: We studied two matched groups of postmenopausal women with elevated prolactin levels. Twenty-three women were on hormone replacement therapy (group 1), while the remaining ones (group 2, n = 23) did not use sex hormones...

OBJECTIVE: The association between use of birth control pills and thyroid function in women has not ever been well studied, but potential risk has been implicated by small sample-sized studies. We aimed to determine this association using a large epidemiological survey. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in the USA from 2007 to 2012. PARTICIPANTS: Female respondents aged 18+ who had data on history of taking birth control pills and thyroid function were included...

Metformin was found to reduce elevated thyrotropin levels in subjects with hypothyroidism. The impact on thyrotropin levels was stronger in women receiving oral contraceptive pills than in women not using any contraception. The aim of the present study was to determine whether physiological levels of oestradiol determine the effect of metformin on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity. The study population included 40 postmenopausal women with prediabetes and untreated non-autoimmune subclinical hypothyroidism, using (group A; n = 18) or not using (group B; n = 22) oestradiol replacement therapy...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of thyroid cancer in women is increasing at an alarming rate, with greatest risk in the reproductive years. Establishing relationships of hormonally related reproductive factors with thyroid cancer has been difficult. We aimed to elucidate potential risk factors for thyroid cancer in a large cohort of women. METHODS: Among 116,228 women in the Nurses' Health Study II followed from 1989 to 2013, 620 cases of thyroid cancer were identified...

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) are characterized by somatic and psychologic symptoms that arise at the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle and subside with menstruation. For definitive diagnosis prospectively self-reported symptoms should demonstrate a cyclic pattern and other psychological pathologies and thyroid dysfunction, that may present with similar symptoms, should be excluded. Both entities affect millions of women at reproductive age as the prevalence of PMS is given as 10-98% while PMDD affects 2-8%...

2020 will go down in history as a year marked in every respect by the emergence and astonishingly rapid spread of the first major global viral pandemic in a century. It seems like nearly every event or story of the year was influenced in some way by COVID-19, and in that respect, the year ended on a high note with the authorization for emergency use of the first vaccines to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and drugs to treat COVID-19. Despite the pandemic's dominance of the 2020 headlines, productivity was at a record high level across all therapeutic areas, as seen by the number of products in this year's review: approximately 50% more than the previous year...

Background: Immunoassay (IA) measurements of thyroid hormones have previously given inaccurate results of triiodothyronine (T3), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4) when concentrations of TBG are low. We evaluate the hypothesis that abnormal concentrations of specific binding proteins (BPs) affect IA measurements and provide results which might misguide the diagnosis and treatment of patients. This study assesses IAs for the measurement of T3, FT3, and cortisol when levels of TBG and CBG are high or low...

OBJECTIVES: A multicenter study was organized to explore sources of variation (SVs) of reference values (RVs) for 22 major immunochemistry analytes and to determine reference intervals (RIs) for the Russian population. METHODS: According to IFCC Committee on Reference Intervals and Decision Limits (C-RIDL) protocol, 758 healthy volunteers were recruited in St. Petersburg, Moscow, and Yekaterinburg. Serum samples were tested for five tumor markers, 17 hormones and related tests by Beckman Coulter's UniCel DxI 800 immunochemistry analyzer...