Personal boundaries

BACKGROUND: Chemsex is the intentional combining of specific drugs with sex, primarily by gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM), to enhance intimacy, pleasure, and prolong sexual sessions. Practices vary across geographic and social settings. Participants report benefits and risks of chemsex. Studies have previously reviewed chemsex practices and harm reduction interventions separately. This review aims to examine both together by describing and understanding practices that men employ to navigate the perceived benefits and risks of chemsex...

INTRODUCTION: Although some findings indicate that yoga can reduce stress and anxiety, many studies present mixed results. The potential of yoga interventions to alleviate anxiety, including the mechanisms and boundary conditions by which it does so, is an under-researched topic. Anxiety is often divided into "state anxiety" and "trait anxiety," the former being a temporary reaction to stressful events, while the latter is a more stable personality feature that responds to adverse situations or perceived threats...

BACKGROUND: Individualized alignment techniques have gained major interest in an effort to increase satisfaction among total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients. This study aimed to compare postoperative alignment between kinematic alignment (KA) and mechanical alignment (MA) and assess whether KA significantly deviates from the principle of aligning the limb as close to neutral alignment as possible. METHODS: There were 234 patients who underwent robotic-assisted TKA using an unrestricted KA and a strict MA technique (KA: 145, MA: 89)...

Previous research has demonstrated that exposure to outgroup descriptions that use person-first, as compared to identity-first, language can attenuate negative stereotypes or prejudice and enhance support for policies that seek to advance outgroup rights. However, those benefits of person-first language may not apply to all social groups equally. The present study examines a boundary condition of the effects of person-first language. Specifically, we postulate that person-first language reduces the stigmatization of outgroups to a lesser degree if individuals hold more important negative attitudes towards the respective communities...

The boundaries between neurodevelopmental disorders are often indistinct, even among specialists. But do these boundaries exist, or do experts struggle to distinguish and categorize symptoms in order to arrive at a dominant diagnosis while comorbidity continually leaves questions about where each disorder ends and begins? What should be reconsidered? The introduction of the term 'spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders' could pave the way for a re-appraisal of the clinical continuum of neurodevelopmental disorders...

Existing human parsing frameworks commonly employ joint learning of semantic edge detection and human parsing to facilitate the localization around boundary regions. Nevertheless, the parsing prediction within the interior of the part contour may still exhibit inconsistencies due to the inherent ambiguity of fine-grained semantics. In contrast, binary edge detection does not suffer from such fine-grained semantic ambiguity, leading to a typical failure case where misclassification occurs inner the part contour while the semantic edge is accurately detected...

People with personality disorders (PDs) are often difficult to reach emotionally in therapy. As music therapy (MT) provides an entry point to emotions and facilitates contact and communication, it is regularly used with this target group. This study presents a case study of a 40-year-old woman diagnosed with a PD not otherwise defined. "Nina" experienced depressive and physical symptoms, including severe anxiety. Previous treatments had failed. In MT, she experienced a sense of safety. Over the course of the treatment, she experimented with making herself heard, learned to listen to herself and recognize her own physical signals, permitted closeness and cooperation, and began setting boundaries and taking initiative...

One fundamental challenge in diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) harmonization is to disentangle the contributions of scanner-related effects from the variable brain anatomy for the observed imaging signals. Conventional harmonization methods rely on establishing an atlas space to resolve anatomical variability and generate a unified inter-site mapping function. However, this approach is limited in accounting for the misalignment of neuroanatomy that still widely persists even after registration, especially in regions close to cortical boundaries...

Australia, in common with many countries globally, has a shortage of doctors working rurally. Whilst strategies and current research focus on recruitment, attrition from rural practice is a significant determinant of such shortages. Understanding doctors' decisions to stay or leave, once recruited, may provide further insights on how to address this rural differential. This study comprises a qualitative study of 21 recently recruited nationally-trained doctors and international medical graduates to a rural area of New South Wales, Australia...

This ongoing column is dedicated to providing information to our readers on managing legal risks associated with medical practice. We invite questions from our readers. The answers are provided by PRMS (www.prms.com), a manager of medical professional liability insurance programs with services that include risk management consultation and other resources offered to health care providers to help improve patient outcomes and reduce professional liability risk. The answers published in this column represent those of only one risk management consulting company...

A recent neuroimaging study in adults found that the occipital place area (OPA)-a cortical region involved in "visually guided navigation" (i.e. moving about the immediately visible environment, avoiding boundaries, and obstacles)-represents visual information about walking, not crawling, suggesting that OPA is late developing, emerging only when children are walking, not beforehand. But when precisely does this "walking selectivity" in OPA emerge-when children first begin to walk in early childhood, or perhaps counterintuitively, much later in childhood, around 8 years of age, when children are adult-like walking? To directly test these two hypotheses, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in two groups of children, 5- and 8-year-olds, we measured the responses in OPA to first-person perspective videos through scenes from a "walking" perspective, as well as three control perspectives ("crawling," "flying," and "scrambled")...

BACKGROUND: The global primary healthcare workforce is declining, leading to a shortage of general practitioners. Although various educational models aim to increase interest in general practice, effective interventions are limited. The reasons for this low appeal among medical graduates remain unclear. METHODS: This cross-sectional study surveyed medical students' and residents' attitudes towards general practice in Tyrol, Austria. The online questionnaire addressed professional values, general practice-related issues, personal professional intentions, and demographics...

Singleton or low-frequency driver mutations are challenging to identify. We present a domain driver mutation estimator (DOME) to identify rare candidate driver mutations. DOME analyzes positions analogous to known statistical hotspots and resistant mutations in combination with their functional and biochemical residue context as determined by protein structures and somatic mutation propensity within conserved PFAM domains, integrating the CADD scoring scheme. Benchmarked against seven other tools, DOME exhibited superior or comparable accuracy compared to all evaluated tools in the prediction of functional cancer drivers, with the exception of one tool...

Existing methods of measuring energy consumption require complex statistics and computing. A real-time and globally applicable approach for comparing energy consumption across different cities is still lacking. Additionally, the nonlinear relationships and varying thresholds of energy consumption in relation to economic activities and urbanization remain unconfirmed. This study aims to fill these gaps by utilizing Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (NPP-VIIRS) nighttime light data in 2015 and a top-down approach based on a multiple regression model to examine energy consumption in global cities employing a redefined urban boundary...

Mental health care is underpinned by human rights. However, certain mental health presentations can be associated with increased risk to self or others. Thus, appropriate and effective care plan to mitigate the risk may include a temporary restriction of the person's human rights. Legal frameworks are required to ensure appropriate safeguards for the affected person, and clarity about boundaries of necessity and proportionality for clinicians. The restriction needs to be proportionate, for the shortest possible period, done in a humane manner, and in a safe environment...

INTRODUCTION: The rapid shift to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic presented challenges for physical therapy (PT) education worldwide. This article aims to explore the factors influencing the well-being of the PT faculty and department chairs involved in delivering PT programs during the initial stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. REVIEW OF LITERATURE: The literature has focused on the pedagogical impacts of the rapid shift to online learning. Little is known about the social and psychological impacts of this rapid transition on the well-being of the faculty involved in implementing PT programs...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the role of psychological detachment from work in the relationship of boundary violations and flourishing, as well as gender differences among university teachers during mandatory telework. We developed and tested a moderate mediation model where psychological detachment was the explanatory mechanism of the relationship between boundary violations with flourishing and using gender as the moderating variable. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 921 Brazilian university teachers (mean age 44 years, 681 women and 240 men) during mandatory telework...

IMPORTANCE: Community health worker (CHW) programs may improve health outcomes, increase quality of life, and reduce hospitalizations and cost of care. However, knowledge is limited on the barriers and facilitators associated with scaling evidence-based CHW programs to maximize their public health outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To identify barriers and facilitators to implementing an evidence-based CHW model. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This qualitative study examined perspectives of Individualized Management of Person-Centered Targets (IMPaCT) program staff (health system leaders, program managers, and community health workers) and patients receiving the intervention between March 9, 2020, and July 22, 2021, at 5 institutionally and geographically diverse health systems across the US...

BACKGROUND: Mounting evidence suggests that the effectiveness of positive psychology interventions is influenced by a variety of factors, including cultural context. Identifying intervention targets that can effectively contribute to improving individual well-being under these boundary conditions is a crucial step when developing viable interventions. To this end, we examined how gratitude disposition, self-esteem, and optimism relate to the subjective well-being (SWB) and psychological well-being (PWB) of Japanese individuals...

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, after 3 months from the installation of the state of emergency on the territory of Romania, data were collected from 677 students and master's students, to explore the problematic alcohol consumption (AC). METHODS: The evaluation was done with: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales, Strategic Coping Approach Scale and The Freiburg Personality Inventory. The statistical methods used were linear regression with bootstrap procedure, Spearman's rank correlation, and the Mann-Whitney U test...