keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37162891/precision-prognostics-for-cardiovascular-disease-in-type-2-diabetes-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
#21
Abrar Ahmad, Lee-Ling Lim, Mario Luca Morieri, Claudia Ha-Ting Tam, Feifei Cheng, Tinashe Chikowore, Monika Dudenhöffer-Pfeifer, Hugo Fitipaldi, Chuiguo Huang, Sarah Kanbour, Sudipa Sarkar, Robert Wilhelm Koivula, Ayesha A Motala, Sok Cin Tye, Gechang Yu, Yingchai Zhang, Michele Provenzano, Diana Sherifali, Russell de Souza, Deirdre Kay Tobias, Maria F Gomez, Ronald C W Ma, Nestoras N Mathioudakis
Background Precision medicine has the potential to improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk prediction in individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies to identify potentially novel prognostic factors that may improve CVD risk prediction in T2D. Out of 9380 studies identified, 416 studies met inclusion criteria. Outcomes were reported for 321 biomarker studies, 48 genetic marker studies, and 47 risk score/model studies. Results Out of all evaluated biomarkers, only 13 showed improvement in prediction performance...
August 21, 2023: medRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37161682/antiarrhythmic-effect-of-artemisinin-in-an-ex-vivo-model-of-brugada-syndrome-induced-by-ns5806
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyung Ki Jeong, Seo Na Hong, Namsik Yoon, Ki Hong Lee, Hyung Wook Park, Jeong Gwan Cho
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Brugada syndrome (BrS) is an inherited arrhythmia syndrome that presents as sudden cardiac death (SCD) without structural heart disease. One of the mechanisms of SCD has been suggested to be related to the uneven dispersion of transient outward potassium current ( I to ) channels between the epicardium and endocardium, thus inducing ventricular tachyarrhythmia. Artemisinin is widely used as an antimalarial drug. Its antiarrhythmic effect, which includes suppression of I to channels, has been previously reported...
April 2023: Korean Circulation Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37124209/flecainide-induces-a-sustained-countercurrent-dependent-effect-on-ryr2-in-permeabilized-wt-ventricular-myocytes-but-not-in-intact-cells
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emma J Steer, Zhaokang Yang, Moza M Al-Owais, Hannah M Kirton, Edward White, Derek S Steele
Background and purpose: While flecainide is now an accepted treatment for arrhythmias associated with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), its mechanism of action remains controversial. In studies on myocytes from CPVT mice, inhibition of proarrhythmic Ca2+ waves was initially attributed to a novel action on the type-2 ryanodine receptor (RyR2). However, subsequent work on wild type (WT) myocytes questioned the conclusion that flecainide has a direct action on RyR2. In the present study, the effects of flecainide were compared in intact and permeabilized WT myocytes...
2023: Frontiers in Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37109225/comparing-the-efficacy-of-carvedilol-and-flecainide-on-the-treatment-of-idiopathic-premature-ventricular-complexes-from-ventricular-outflow-tract-a-multicenter-randomized-open-label-pilot-study
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jongmin Hwang, Yong-Seog Oh, Hyoung-Seob Park, Jong-Il Choi, Young Soo Lee, Eue-Keun Choi, Dong-Gu Shin, Young Keun On, Tae-Hoon Kim, Hyung Wook Park, Min Soo Cho, Myung Hwan Bae, Seongwook Han
The mechanism of premature ventricular complexes (PVC) occurring in the ventricular outflow tract (OT) is related to an intracellular calcium overload and delayed afterdepolarizations that lead to triggered activity. The guidelines recommend using beta-blockers and flecainide for idiopathic PVCs, but they also acknowledge the limited evidence supporting this recommendation. We conducted a multicenter, randomized, open-label pilot study comparing the effect of carvedilol and flecainide on OT PVC, which are widely used to treat this arrhythmia...
April 15, 2023: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36923684/association-between-visceral-fat-blood-pressure-and-arterial-stiffness-in-patients-with-hfpef-a-mediation-analysis
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Sun, Lei Gao, Hongmei Bai, Weiwei Hu, Xiaofang Zhang, Jin Xiao, Xiangliang Deng, Hongmei Tao, Ping Ge, Yuhong Qin, Dongying Zhang
PURPOSE: To investigate the association of visceral fat with arterial stiffness of heart failure patients with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and to evaluate the extent to which this association is mediated by blood pressure (BP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study (clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT04535726) recruited 94 patients with HFpEF totally from October to December 2020. The obesity-related measurements included visceral fat area (VFA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WC/HC), abdominal circumference (AC), body fat mass and fat percentage...
2023: Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36892587/chemo-mechanical-modeling-of-smooth-muscle-cell-activation-for-the-simulation-of-arterial-walls-under-changing-blood-pressure
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Klemens Uhlmann, Daniel Balzani
In this paper, a novel chemo-mechanical model is proposed for the description of the stretch-dependent chemical processes known as Bayliss effect and their impact on the active contraction in vascular smooth muscle. These processes are responsible for the adaptive reaction of arterial walls to changing blood pressure by which the blood vessels actively support the heart in providing sufficient blood supply for varying demands in the supplied tissues. The model is designed to describe two different stretch-dependent mechanisms observed in smooth muscle cells (SMCs): a calcium-dependent and a calcium-independent contraction...
March 9, 2023: Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36888581/sars-cov-2-spike-protein-mediated-cardiomyocyte-fusion-may-contribute-to-increased-arrhythmic-risk-in-covid-19
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel J Clemens, Dan Ye, Wei Zhou, C S John Kim, David R Pease, Chanakha K Navaratnarajah, Alison Barkhymer, David J Tester, Timothy J Nelson, Roberto Cattaneo, Jay W Schneider, Michael J Ackerman
BACKGROUND: SARS-CoV-2-mediated COVID-19 may cause sudden cardiac death (SCD). Factors contributing to this increased risk of potentially fatal arrhythmias include thrombosis, exaggerated immune response, and treatment with QT-prolonging drugs. However, the intrinsic arrhythmic potential of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of the heart remains unknown. OBJECTIVE: To assess the cellular and electrophysiological effects of direct SARS-CoV-2 infection of the heart using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs)...
2023: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36869794/parathyroidectomy-versus-oral-cinacalcet-on-cardiovascular-parameters-in-peritoneal-dialysis-patients-with-advanced-secondary-hyperparathyroidism-proceed-a-randomized-trial
#28
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Angela Yee-Moon Wang, Wai Kei Lo, Stephen Chi-Wai Cheung, Tak-Ka Tang, Yat-Yin Yau, Brian Hung-Hin Lang
BACKGROUND: This trial aimed to evaluate oral cinacalcet versus total parathyroidectomy (PTx) with forearm autografting on cardiovascular surrogate outcomes and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in dialysis patients with advanced secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). DESIGN: In this pilot prospective randomized trial conducted in two university-affiliated hospitals, 65 adult peritoneal dialysis patients with advanced SHPT were randomized to receive either oral cinacalcet or PTx...
July 31, 2023: Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36816866/effects-of-double-intravenous-furosemide-administration-at-different-doses-on-clinical-variables-electrocardiographic-indices-and-serum-electrolytes-in-miniature-donkeys
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seyed Hesamaddin Banihashemi, Amir Saeed Samimi, Kamyab Samimi, Javad Tajik
The intravenous (IV) usage of diuretics such as furosemide may cause changes in clinical variables, electrocardiographic (ECG) indices and some serum electrolytes concentrations in miniature donkeys. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of double intravenous (IV) administration of furosemide at different doses on the clinical variables, ECG indices and serum electrolytes levels in miniature donkeys. A total of 21 clinically and para-clinically healthy miniature donkeys with a mean age of 6...
2023: Veterinary Research Forum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36802307/electrocardiographic-substrates-of-arrhythmias-in-patients-with-end-stage-and-chronic-kidney-diseases-a-case-control-study
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hesham Yehia, Ghada Youssef, Mona Gamil, Mahmoud Elsaeed, Khaled M Sadek
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in patients with renal diseases. Cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death are particularly important, and the burden is higher in patients on hemodialysis. The aim of this study is to compare specific ECG changes as markers of arrhythmias in patients with CKD and patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD); all without clinically manifest heart disease, with normal control subjects. RESULTS: Seventy-five ESRD patients on regular hemodialysis, 75 patients with stage 3-5 CKD and 40 healthy control subjects were included...
February 21, 2023: Egyptian Heart Journal: EHJ
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36627073/assessing-maternal-cardiac-function-by-obstetricians-technique-and-reference-ranges
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Greggory R DeVore, Bardo Polanco
BACKGROUND: A strong body of evidence has now coalesced indicating that some obstetrical syndromes may result from maladaptive responses of the maternal cardiovascular system. Longitudinal studies have shown that these changes are complex and present before the clinical recognition of preeclampsia and fetal growth restriction, suggesting that hemodynamic maladaptation may play an etiologic role in obstetrical complications. Chronic hypertension is one of the most frequent complications of pregnancy, and recent evidence suggests that control of mild hypertension in early pregnancy improves outcome...
January 7, 2023: American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36528076/camkii-and-reactive-oxygen-species-contribute-to-early-reperfusion-arrhythmias-but-oxidation-of-camkii%C3%AE-at-methionines-281-282-is-not-a-determining-factor
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marie Haugsten Hansen, Mani Sadredini, Almira Hasic, Mark E Anderson, Ivar Sjaastad, Mathis Korseberg Stokke
BACKGROUND: Available evidence suggest that Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IIδ (CaMKIIδ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in early ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias (IRA). Since ROS can activate CaMKIIδ by oxidation of two methionines at positions 281/282, oxidized-CaMKIIδ (Ox-CaMKIIδ) has been proposed to be important for IRA. However, direct evidence for this is missing. METHODS: We exposed Langendorff-perfused hearts and ventricular cardiomyocytes from C57BL/6 mice to global and simulated ischemia, respectively, and recorded arrhythmic events during early reperfusion...
December 14, 2022: Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36421700/modeling-calcium-cycling-in-the-heart-progress-pitfalls-and-challenges
#33
REVIEW
Zhilin Qu, Dasen Yan, Zhen Song
Intracellular calcium (Ca) cycling in the heart plays key roles in excitation-contraction coupling and arrhythmogenesis. In cardiac myocytes, the Ca release channels, i.e., the ryanodine receptors (RyRs), are clustered in the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane, forming Ca release units (CRUs). The RyRs in a CRU act collectively to give rise to discrete Ca release events, called Ca sparks. A cell contains hundreds to thousands of CRUs, diffusively coupled via Ca to form a CRU network. A rich spectrum of spatiotemporal Ca dynamics is observed in cardiac myocytes, including Ca sparks, spark clusters, mini-waves, persistent whole-cell waves, and oscillations...
November 14, 2022: Biomolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36399184/cellular-electrophysiological-effects-of-botulinum-toxin-a-on-neonatal-rat-cardiomyocytes-and-on-cardiomyocytes-derived-from-human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cells
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aygul Nizamieva, Sheida Frolova, Mihail Slotvitsky, Sandaara Kovalenko, Valeriya Tsvelaya, Anna Nikitina, David Sergeevichev, Konstantin Agladze
Botulinum toxin A is a well-known neurotransmitter inhibitor with a wide range of applications in modern medicine. Recently, botulinum toxin A preparations have been used in clinical trials to suppress cardiac arrhythmias, especially in the postoperative period. Its antiarrhythmic action is associated with inhibition of the nervous system of the heart, but its direct effect on heart tissue remains unclear. Accordingly, we investigate the effect of botulinum toxin A on isolated cardiac cells and on layers of cardiac cells capable of conducting excitation...
November 18, 2022: Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36369767/dapagliflozin-reduces-pulmonary-vascular-damage-and-susceptibility-to-atrial-fibrillation-in-right-heart-disease
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chang Dai, Bin Kong, Wei Shuai, Zheng Xiao, Tianyou Qin, Jin Fang, Yang Gong, Jun Zhu, Qi Liu, Hui Fu, Hong Meng, He Huang
AIMS: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have made considerable progress in the field of heart failure, but their application in arrhythmia remains to be in-depth. Right heart disease (RHD) often leads to right heart dysfunction and is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Here, we explored the possible electrophysiologic effect of dapagliflozin (a type of SGLT2is) in the development of AF in rats with RHD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Rats in the experimental group were intraperitoneally injected with a single dose of 60 mg/kg monocrotaline (MCT group, n = 32) on the first day of the experiment, whereas rats in the control group were injected with vehicle (CTL group, n = 32)...
February 2023: ESC Heart Failure
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36216583/impact-of-non-muscle-cells-on-excitation-contraction-coupling-in-the-heart-and-the-importance-of-in-vitro-models
#36
REVIEW
Kirstie Belanger, Abigail N Koppes, Ryan A Koppes
Excitation-coupling (ECC) is paramount for coordinated contraction to maintain sufficient cardiac output. The study of ECC regulation has primarily been limited to cardiomyocytes (CMs), which conduct voltage waves via calcium fluxes from one cell to another, eliciting contraction of the atria followed by the ventricles. CMs rapidly transmit ionic flux via gap junction proteins, predominantly connexin 43. While the expression of connexin isoforms has been identified in each of the individual cell populations comprising the heart, the formation of gap junctions with nonmuscle cells (i...
October 10, 2022: Advanced biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36094888/mechanisms-of-spontaneous-ca-2-release-mediated-arrhythmia-in-a-novel-3d-human-atrial-myocyte-model-i-transverse-axial-tubule-variation
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xianwei Zhang, Haibo Ni, Stefano Morotti, Charlotte E R Smith, Daisuke Sato, William E Louch, Andrew G Edwards, Eleonora Grandi
KEY POINTS: Transverse-axial tubule systems (TATS) modulate Ca2+ handling and excitation-contraction coupling in atrial myocytes, with TATS remodeling in heart failure and atrial fibrillation associated with altered Ca2+ cycling and subsequent arrhythmogenesis. To investigate the poorly understood mechanisms linking TATS variation and spontaneous Ca2+ release, we built, parameterized and validated a 3D human atrial myocyte model coupling electrophysiology and spatially-detailed subcellular Ca2+ handling governed by the TATS...
September 12, 2022: Journal of Physiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35946691/-carvone-modulates-intracellular-calcium-signaling-with-antiarrhythmic-action-in-rat-hearts
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gilmara Beatriz Andrade da Silva, Diego Santos Souza, José Evaldo Rodrigues Menezes-Filho, Júlio Alves da Silva-Neto, Jader Dos Santos Cruz, Danilo R Roman-Campos, Lucindo José Quintans-Júnior, Carla Maria Lins de Vasconcelos
BACKGROUND: (-)-Carvone is a monoterpene found in essential oils with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to analyze the antiarrhythmic property of (-)-carvone in the rat heart and its effects on the intracellular Ca2+ signaling. METHODS: The effects of (-)-carvone were evaluated on the ventricular (0.5 mM) and atrial contractility (0.01 - 4 mM) and on electrocardiogram (0.5 mM). Fractional shortening, L-type calcium current (ICa,L) and Ca2+ signaling were measured in the isolated cardiomyocyte (0...
August 2022: Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35900667/pi3k-p110%C3%AE-as-a-determinant-and-gene-therapy-for-atrial-enlargement-in-atrial-fibrillation
#39
REVIEW
Martin Ezeani, Sandeep Prabhu
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an irregular heart rhythm, characterised by chaotic atrial activation, which is promoted by remodelling. Once initiated, AF can also propagate the progression of itself in the so-called ''AF begets AF''. Several lines of investigation have shown that signalling molecules, including reactive oxygen species, angiotensin II, and phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks), in presence or absence of cardiovascular disease risk factors, stabilise and promote AF maintenance. In particular, reduced cardiac-specific PI3K activity that is not associated with oncology is cardiotoxic and increases susceptibility to AF...
July 28, 2022: Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/35872997/structural-and-electrical-remodeling-of-the-sinoatrial-node-in-diabetes-new-dimensions-and-perspectives
#40
REVIEW
Lina T Al Kury, Stephanie Chacar, Eman Alefishat, Ali A Khraibi, Moni Nader
The sinoatrial node (SAN) is composed of highly specialized cells that mandate the spontaneous beating of the heart through self-generation of an action potential (AP). Despite this automaticity, the SAN is under the modulation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS). In diabetes mellitus (DM), heart rate variability (HRV) manifests as a hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy. This is paralleled by an impaired regulation of the ANS, and by a pathological remodeling of the pacemaker structure and function. The direct effect of diabetes on the molecular signatures underscoring this pathology remains ill-defined...
2022: Frontiers in Endocrinology
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