Parathyroid cysts

Horner's syndrome (HS), caused by lesions of the 3-neuron oculosympathetic nerve pathway (ONP), includes the triad: blepharoptosis, miosis and anhidrosis (ipsilateral with ONP damage). Thyroid-related HS represents an unusual entity underling thyroid nodules/goiter/cancer-HS (T-HS), and post-thyroidectomy HS (Tx-HS). We aim to overview Tx-HS. This is a narrative review. We revised PubMed published, full-length, English papers from inception to November 2022. Additionally, we introduced data on post-thyroidectomy lymphocele/chylous leakage (Tx-L), and introduced a new pediatric case with both Tx-HS and Tx-L...

Parathyroid carcinoma is an extremely rare endocrine neoplasm that accounts for less than 1% of the cases of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Continuous exposure to high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) induces an increase in bone remodeling and patients may present with osteitis fibrosa cystica, which is characterized by subperiosteal resorption of the phalanges, diffuse osteopenia, salt and pepper appearance of the skull, bone cysts, and brown tumors. Brown tumors occur in less than 5% of all patients with any form of hyperparathyroidism...

BACKGROUND: The hallmark of hyperparathyroidism is hypersecretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) which results in hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia. While hypercalcemia due to malignancy is often brought about by PTH-related protein in adults, PTH-producing tumors are quite rare in clinical practice. Additionally, from the point of embryology, it is very difficult to examine ectopic PTH-producing tissue such as ectopic parathyroid glands. Furthermore, clear histopathological criteria are not present...

PURPOSE: Previous studies have pointed to the role of parathormone (PTH) in the development of simple renal cysts. However, there is insufficient evidence related to simple renal cysts in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors associated with renal cysts in PHPT patients. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we included 235 patients treated surgically for PHPT and 147 control subjects. The clinical and physical examination findings, laboratory test results, and neck and urinary system ultrasonography examination findings were evaluated...

Parathyroid adenoma (PA), one of the most common causes of hyperparathyroidism, generally involves a single parathyroid gland and is manifested as hyperparathyroidism. Bronchogenic cysts are rare congenital cystic lesions caused by a development malformation in bronchi during the embryonic period, which mostly occur in the lung and mediastinum, with an extremely low morbidity rate in the neck. A 27-year-old young female was found to suffer from hyperparathyroidism on routine physical examination, and further examination suggested a cystic lesion in the right inferior parathyroid area combined with a tracheal diverticulum...

OBJECTIVE: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease(ADPKD) is a monogenic disease characterized by the growth of cysts in the kidneys, which can progress to end-stage renal disease(ESRD). However, this progression is heterogeneous.Aquaporin-3(AQP3) and Aquaporin-7(AQP7) are water channels involved in the inflammatory response and proliferation, expressed in the kidney and may have a role in cyst epithelial proliferation. Heparanase(HPSE) is an enzyme that cleaves heparan sulfate side chains of proteoglycans and has an increased expression in the glomerulus in diseases associated with proteinuria...

The aim of this observation was to report a rare case of symptomatic and non-functional cystic parathyroid adenoma in a 52-year-old female, diagnosed with imaging and treated by surgical resection of the gland.

Background. Ectopic mediastinal parathyroid glands are parathyroid glands located completely below the clavicle. At present, most literature reports on ectopic mediastinal parathyroid tumors (EMPT) are case reports or small case sequences. Methods. This study conducted a retrospective analysis of ectopic mediastinal parathyroid tumors cases treated over the past 23 years, summarizing and analyzing general conditions, preoperative positioning, postoperative pathology, intraoperative conditions, and long-term follow-up results...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

BACKGROUND: Acro-osteolysis (AO) refers to resorption of the distal finger and toe phalanges. It displays two patterns: (i) diffuse AO and (ii) transverse or bandlike AO. AO can be a sign of local distress (e.g. of toxic origin), but is very often a sign of a constitutional or systemic acquired disorder. CASE PRESENTATION: A 15-year-old girl was referred to a paediatric rheumatologist for recurrent pain in her fingertips. She presented a particular cross-sectional AO associated with the presence of intraosseous cysts and bone fragility with atypical fractures...

Background: Parathyroid tumors are common endocrine neoplasias associated with primary hyperparathyroidism. Although numerous studies have studied the subject, the predictive value of gene biomarkers nevertheless remains low. Methods: In this study, we performed genomic analysis of abnormal DNA methylation in parathyroid tumors. After data preprocessing, differentially methylated genes were extracted from patients with parathyroid tumors by using t -tests. Results: After refinement of the basic differential methylation, 28241 unique CpGs (634 genes) were identified to be methylated...

Parathyroid cysts (PCs) are rare benign lesions representing between the 0.08% and the 0.34% of the neck masses going on surgery. They should be considered in the differential diagnosis of neck masses, especially in the differential diagnosis of the cystic anterior neck masses.Approximately 300 cases of PC are reported within the international literature.The gold standard for diagnosis is the evidence of high-level intact parathyroid hormone in cystic fluid. It is important to diagnose PCs before surgery, not intraoperatively, in order to avoid unnecessary surgeries or superfluous excision of part of the thyroid gland and prevent the patient from iatrogenic hypothyroidism...

BACKGROUND: Cystic lesions of the head and neck are a diagnostic challenge since they are seen in the clinical presentation of a wide variety of conditions. Herein, common and uncommon entities that present as cystic lesions in the head and neck are reviewed. SUMMARY: In this study, peer-reviewed articles were selected using the database PubMed, Google, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Emphasis was placed on peer-reviewed articles that discuss the cytomorphology and differential diagnosis of entities that present as cystic lesions of the head and neck...

Parathyroid cyst is a rare entity that can closely mimic thyroid and brachial cleft cysts, particularly when located within the thyroid gland. Most commonly, the cysts are non-functional but can produce compressive symptoms. The cyst contains watery content with elevated PTH levels, specifying parathyroid origin1 . Parathyroid cysts should be considered in the differential in patients with a neck mass. This study describes a rare case of a middle-aged woman with a history of a symptomatic intrathyroidal parathyroid cyst discovered intraoperatively...

Parathyroid cysts are a rare clinical entity that may arise in the neck or mediastinum. They are more common in women and generally present in the fourth and fifth decades of life. Diagnosis of parathyroid cysts is challenging, and despite thorough radiological and cytological investigation, they are often mistaken for thyroid pathology. Definitive diagnosis is often only confirmed following complete surgical resection and histopathological analysis. We present the case of a woman who was referred to our outpatient clinic with a left-sided neck mass and associated compressive symptoms...

OBJECTIVES: Parathyroid cysts are rare benign lesions of the head and neck that account for less than 1% of cystic neck masses. We present a rare case of a large 6 cm substernal parathyroid cyst. PRESENTATION OF CASE: An otherwise healthy 65 year-old female presented to the otolaryngology clinic for evaluation of an anterior, midline neck mass. On physical exam, she was noted to have a fullness in the anterior neck extending to the sternal notch. CT demonstrated an enlarged thyroid with a cyst extending to the aortic arch...

BACKGROUND: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare hereditary tumor syndrome inherited in an autosomal dominant manner and presents mostly as parathyroid, endocrine pancreas (such as gastrinoma) and anterior pituitary tumors. At present, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and nodular goiter are not regarded as components of MEN1. CASE SUMMARY: A 35-year-old woman presented with MEN1 accompanied by coinstantaneous PTC and nodular goiter. The pathological diagnosis was PTC with cervical lymph node metastasis, nodular goiter, parathyroid cyst and adenomatoid hyperplasia...

Thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) commonly occurs in the neck just below the hyoid bone. Uncommon sites of TDC have been documented, and of these, an intra-thyroid location is very rare. We report such a rare intra-thyroid TDC (ITTDC) initially identified by ultrasound examination as an incidental thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TI-RADS) three lesion in the left thyroid lobe of a 59-year-old male patient with primary hyperparathyroidism due to a parathyroid adenoma. The preoperative ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB) cytology of the thyroid lesion was interpreted as Bethesda III (atypia of undetermined significance or follicular lesion of undetermined significance)...

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), an endocrine condition caused by a parathyroid adenoma (PTA) in 80-85% of the cases, has shifted in the modern era to a mildly symptomatic phenotype due to the prompt recognition of hypercalcemia and to a minimally invasive surgical approach which has a curative potential. Clinical complications of PHTH are either related to high calcium or parathyroid hormone [also parathormone (PTH)] or both, while the originating tumor typically is small, without local mass effects. A distinct entity is represented by giant PTA (GPTA) which is considered at a weight of more than 3 (3...

Skeletal deformation like genu valgum is reported to be rare in Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). The solitary adenoma or hyperplasia of the parathyroid glands are the cause in 80-85% of the cases. We report 2 cases of girls on 12 years and 15 years of age, complaining from pain and genu valgum deformation of the lower extremities before the planned orthopaedic surgical correction. The first patient had complaints for 3 years and lost ability to walk independently, the second case lost normal gate for a period of 5 months...