k2 vitamin

Vitamin K2 (MK-7) has been shown to cause significant changes in different physiological processes and diseases, but its role in acute lung injury (ALI) is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effects of VK2 against LPS-induced ALI in mice. The male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7): the control group, LPS group, negative control group (LPS + Oil), positive control group (LPS + DEX), LPS + VK2 (L) group (VK2, 1.5 mg/kg), and LPS + VK2 (H) group (VK2, 15 mg/kg)...

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is characterized by cartilage and synovial inflammation as well as anomalous lower extremity leading to joint pain, and impairment in lifestyle and epidemic of obesity. This study aimed to use the Jumpstart Nutrition® supplement (JNS) for achieving symmetry of aberrant lower extremity and improving the outcome measures in the management of OA. METHODS: This week-twelve registry included 108 patients treated with JNS mainly comprised of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin-K2 , coenzyme-Q10 , vitamin-C, boswellic acids, and curcumin mixed with soy and whey proteins (experimental group) and 72 were treated with symptomatic slow-acting drugs (control group) for chronic OA confirmed with radiological images...

Natto is a traditional Japanese fermented product consisting of cooked soybeans fermented with Bacillus subtilis var. natto. We assessed three different B. subtilis strains and investigated their impact on product quality aspects, such as microbial quality, textural quality (poly-γ-glutamate strand formation), free amino acids (FAA), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), but also the vitamin K1 , K2 and B1 content, and presence of nattokinase. Using Bayesian contrast analysis, we conclude that the quality attributes were influenced by both the substrate and strain used, without significant differences in bacterial growth between strain or substrate...

This study aims to evaluate the safety of MK-7 produced by fermentation process using a Bacillus subtilis var. natto strain for human ingestion via acute oral toxicity, repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity, 28-day recovery test, and genotoxicity tests. The acute oral toxicity test results indicated that all subjects survived at the dose of 5000 mg/kg with no toxic effects. For the repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity test, MK-7 was administered to rats at 500, 1500, and 4500 mg/kg for 90 d. No abnormal findings were detected in clinical observations or in clinical pathological and histopathological examinations...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of nanocomposites containing vitamin K2, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAP), and chitosan (Chito)-coated dental implants against clinically relevant microbial strains. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four test compounds were prepared: vitamin K2 + nHAP, K2 + Chito + nHAP, vitamin K2, and vitamin K2 + Chito. Agar well diffusion test was conducted to assess the antimicrobial activity of these compounds against Staphylococcus aureus (S...

This case report presents a rare occurrence of coagulopathy induced by antibiotics in a woman in her 90s with chronic bowel obstruction and massive colon cancer. The patient developed vitamin K deficiency-related coagulopathy following antibiotic administration, resulting in bleeding complications. Despite initial consideration of disseminated intravascular coagulation, further investigations revealed antibiotic-induced vitamin K deficiency. Prompt discontinuation of antibiotics and IV vitamin K2 administration led to the resolution of coagulopathy...

PURPOSE: The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) increases with age and there is a need for effective, evidence-based treatments for HTN among older adults. The objective of this study was to perform a network meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of different forms of nutritional supplementation on reducing blood pressure in older adults. METHODS: A systematic review using PubMed and Clinical Key was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the effects of dietary supplements on blood pressure in adults older than 65 years of age...

Dietary vitamin K1 (phylloquinone: PK) and menaquinone (MK-n) are converted to menadione (MD) in the small intestine and then translocated to various tissues where they are converted to vitamin K2 (menaquinone-4: MK-4) by UbiA prenyltransferase domain containing protein 1 (UBIAD1). MK-4 is effective in bone formation and is used to treat osteoporosis in Japan. UBIAD1 is expressed in bone and osteoblasts and shows conversion to MK-4, but the role of UBIAD1 in osteogenesis is unknown. In this study, we investigated the function of UBIAD1 in osteogenesis using a tamoxifen-dependent UBIAD1-deficient mouse model...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases worldwide and there is a huge unmet need to find safer and more effective drugs. Vitamin K has been found to regulate lipid metabolism in the liver. However, the effects of vitamin K2 on NAFLD is unclear. This study aims to evaluate the preventive and therapeutic effects of vitamin K2 in the process of fatty liver formation and to explore molecular mechanisms the associated with lipid metabolism. A non-alcoholic fatty liver model was established by high-fat diet administration for three months...

Vitamin K isoforms are known as co-factors for the synthesis of blood-clotting proteins, but several other bioactivities were reported. In this work, we isolated a vitamin K1-analogue (OH-PhQ) from the cyanobacterium Tychonema sp. LEGE 07196 with lipid reducing activity. OH-PhQ reduced neutral lipid reservoirs with an EC50 value of 31 μM after 48 h exposure in zebrafish larvae, while other vitamin K isoforms had EC50 values of 21.1 μM (K2) and 1.2 μM (K3). No lipid reducing activity was observed for K1 up to 50 μM...

BACKGROUND: Teriparatide (TPTD) is a widely used anabolic agent for the treatment of osteoporosis. Several factors have been identified to be related to bone mineral density (BMD) increase in anti-osteoporosis treatment with other agents; however, there has been no systematic analysis to summarize the associated determinants of BMD reaction to daily teriparatide treatment. METHODS: In this retrospective study, we performed a comprehensive investigation involving not only clinical data but also several relevant lifestyle factors to be examined for their potential contribution to BMD response...

BACKGROUND: Klotho is an anti-aging protein that has multiple functions and may play a key role in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) is a non-invasive and novel biomarker that has the advantages of being simple, fast and reproducible. It can effectively assess the degree of airway inflammation in diseases such as asthma and COPD. Despite these insights, the relationship between serum Klotho levels and FeNO has not been explored yet...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important diseases which controlling its related risk factors, such as metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers, is necessary because of the increased mortality risk of that. The aim of our meta-analysis is to reveal the general effect of vitamin K supplementation on its related risk factors. Original databases were searched using standard keywords to identify all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) investigating the effects of vitamin K on CVD. Pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) were achieved by random-model effect analysis for the best estimation of outcomes...

BACKGROUND/AIM: Alterations in gut microbiota are associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, including metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate gut microbiota composition and functionality in patients with morbid obesity with different degrees of MAFLD, as assessed by biopsy. SUBJECTS/METHODS: 110 patients with morbid obesity were evaluated by biopsy obtained during bariatric surgery for MAFLD. Stool samples were collected prior to surgery for microbiota analysis...

This study aimed to explore the role of connexin 32 (Cx32) in the directional differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into hepatocytes. Urine-derived epithelial cells were collected from the fresh urine of a healthy donor and transducted with reprogramming plasmid mixture to generate iPSCs. The iPSCs were then directionally differentiated into hepatocytes. During the differentiation, the upregulated and downregulated groups were treated with vitamin K2 (VK2) and 2-aminoethoxyboronate diphenylester (2-APB) to increase and inhibit Cx32 expression, respectively...

Besides its role in coagulation, vitamin K seems to be involved in various other mechanisms, including inflammation and age-related diseases, also at the level of gene expression. This work examined the roles of two vitamin K2 (menaquinones) vitamers, namely, menaquinone-4 (MK4) and reduced menaquinone-7 (MK7R), as gene modulator compounds, as well as their potential role in the epigenetic regulation of genes involved in amyloidogenesis and neuroinflammation. The SK-N-BE human neuroblastoma cells provided a "first-line" model for screening the neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative molecular pathways...

Ascorbic acid (AH2 ) photoxidation sensitized by riboflavin (RF) has been studied between pH 2.0 and 12.0 in ambient air and anaerobic environment using UV and visible irradiation sources. The kinetics of AH2 degradation in aqueous medium along with RF is found to be first-order for its photodegradation. AH2 photolysis rate constants in aerobic and anaerobic conditions with RF (1.0-5.0 × 10-5 M) are 0.14-3.89 × 10-2 and 0.026-0.740 × 10-2 min-1 , respectively. The rate constants (k2 ) of second-order kinetics for AH2 and RF photochemical interaction in aerobic and anaerobic conditions are in the range of 0...

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7), a subtype of vitamin K2 (VK2 ), assumes crucial roles in coagulation function, calcium homeostasis, and respiratory chain transmission. The production of MK-7 via microbial fermentation boasts mild technological conditions and high biocompatibility. Nevertheless, the redox activity of MK-7 imposes constraints on its excessive accumulation in microorganisms. To address this predicament, an adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) protocol was implemented in Bacillus subtilis BS011, utilizing vitamin K3 (VK3 ) as a structural analog of MK-7...

Vitamin K is a lipophilic vitamin, whose absorption, transportation, and distribution are influenced by lipids. The plasma vitamin K level after supplementation is predominantly a lipid-driven effect and independent of existing vitamin K status. However, previous studies examining the efficacy of vitamin K supplementation often overlooked the influence of lipid levels on vitamin K absorption, resulting in inconsistent outcomes. Recent research discovered that impaired transportation of vitamin K2 within uremic high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in individuals with uremia might elucidate the lack of beneficial effects in preventing calcification observed in multiple trials involving menaquinone-7 (MK-7) supplementation among patients with chronic kidney disease...

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is an important class of vitamin K2 that is essential in human health and can prevent osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. However, due to the complex synthesis pathway, the synthesis efficiency is low. The main objective of this study was to explore the effect of enhanced supply of precursors in Bacillus natto. Three precursors of pyruvate, shikimic acid, and sodium glutamate were chosen to investigate the effect of enhanced supply of precursors on MK-7 synthesis. Then, the optimal concentrations, different combinations, and different adding times were systematically studied, respectively...