keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489369/an-in-principle-super-polynomial-quantum-advantage-for-approximating-combinatorial-optimization-problems-via-computational-learning-theory
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Niklas Pirnay, Vincent Ulitzsch, Frederik Wilde, Jens Eisert, Jean-Pierre Seifert
It is unclear to what extent quantum algorithms can outperform classical algorithms for problems of combinatorial optimization. In this work, by resorting to computational learning theory and cryptographic notions, we give a fully constructive proof that quantum computers feature a super-polynomial advantage over classical computers in approximating combinatorial optimization problems. Specifically, by building on seminal work by Kearns and Valiant, we provide special instances that are hard for classical computers to approximate up to polynomial factors...
March 15, 2024: Science Advances
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38425209/evaluating-the-current-state-of-epilepsy-care-in-the-province-of-ontario
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christine Van Winssen, Andrea V Andrade, Danielle M Andrade, Jorge G Burneo, Sandrine de Ribaupierre, Elizabeth Donner, Ayman Hassan, George Ibrahim, Kevin C Jones, Lysa Boissé Lomax, Katherine Muir, Maryam N Nouri, Nikki Porter, Rajesh Ramachandrannair, Paul Raymond, James Rutka, Michelle J Shapiro, David A Steven, Darryl Swain, Taufik Valiante, Sharon Whiting, Robyn Whitney, Ivanna Yau, Tadeu Fantaneanu
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 1, 2024: Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. le Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38398687/death-and-dying-grapevine-survival-cold-hardiness-and-blups-and-winter-blues-in-north-dakota-vineyards
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bülent Köse, Andrej Svyantek, Venkateswara Rao Kadium, Matthew Brooke, Collin Auwarter, Harlene Hatterman-Valenti
A total of fourteen diverse, interspecific hybrid grapevines ( Vitis spp.) were evaluated for their adaptability to North Dakota winter conditions using differential thermal analysis (DTA) of low-temperature exotherms (LTE) and bud cross-sectional assessment of survival techniques. This research was conducted in two vineyard locations in eastern North Dakota. This work demonstrates the use of DTA for monitoring and selecting cultivars capable of withstanding sub-zero temperatures. These results were assessed for quantitative genetic traits...
January 25, 2024: Life
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38396202/in-silico-testing-of-new-pharmacology-for-restoring-inhibition-and-human-cortical-function-in-depression
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandre Guet-McCreight, Homeira Moradi Chameh, Frank Mazza, Thomas D Prevot, Taufik A Valiante, Etienne Sibille, Etay Hay
Reduced inhibition by somatostatin-expressing interneurons is associated with depression. Administration of positive allosteric modulators of α5 subunit-containing GABAA receptor (α5-PAM) that selectively target this lost inhibition exhibit antidepressant and pro-cognitive effects in rodent models of chronic stress. However, the functional effects of α5-PAM on the human brain in vivo are unknown, and currently cannot be assessed experimentally. We modeled the effects of α5-PAM on tonic inhibition as measured in human neurons, and tested in silico α5-PAM effects on detailed models of human cortical microcircuits in health and depression...
February 23, 2024: Communications Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38380921/the-spatial-organization-of-sphingofungin-biosynthesis-in-aspergillus-fumigatus-and-its-cross-interaction-with-sphingolipid-metabolism
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katarina Jojić, Fabio Gherlone, Zoltán Cseresnyés, Alexander U Bissell, Sandra Hoefgen, Stefan Hoffmann, Ying Huang, Slavica Janevska, Marc Thilo Figge, Vito Valiante
Sphingofungins are sphinganine analog mycotoxins acting as inhibitors of serine palmitoyl transferases, enzymes responsible for the first step in the sphingolipid biosynthesis. Eukaryotic cells are highly organized with various structures and organelles to facilitate cellular processes and chemical reactions, including the ones occurring as part of the secondary metabolism. We studied how sphingofungin biosynthesis is compartmentalized in the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus , and we observed that it takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), ER-derived vesicles, and the cytosol...
February 21, 2024: MBio
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38325601/low-colorectal-cancer-risk-after-resection-of-high-risk-pedunculated-polyps
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Manuel Zorzi, Jessica Battagello, Claudio Barbiellini Amidei, Giulio Antonelli, Bastianello Germanà, Flavio Valiante, Stefano Benvenuti, Alberto Tringali, Francesco Bortoluzzi, Erica Cervellin, Davide Giacomin, Tamara Meggiato, Erik Rosa Rizzotto, Diego Fregonese, Manuela D'Incà, Gianluca Baldassarre, Paola Scalon, Maurizio Pantalena, Luisa Milan, Gianmarco Bulighin, Daniele Di Piramo, Maurizio Azzurro, Armando Gabbrielli, Alessandro Repici, Massimo Rugge, Cesare Hassan
BACKGROUND: Post-fecal immunochemical test (FIT) colonoscopy represents a setting with an enriched prevalence of advanced adenomas. Due to an expected higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), postpolypectomy surveillance is recommended, generating a substantially increased load on endoscopy services. The aim of our study was to investigate postpolypectomy CRC risk in a screening population of FIT+ subjects after resection of low-risk adenomas (LRAs) or high-risk adenomas (HRAs). METHODS: We retrieved data from a cohort of patients undergoing postpolypectomy surveillance within a FIT-based CRC screening program in Italy between 2002 and 2017 and followed-up to December 2021...
February 5, 2024: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38285722/diversity-induced-trivialization-and-resilience-of-neural-dynamics
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Axel Hutt, Daniel Trotter, Aref Pariz, Taufik A Valiante, Jérémie Lefebvre
Heterogeneity is omnipresent across all living systems. Diversity enriches the dynamical repertoire of these systems but remains challenging to reconcile with their manifest robustness and dynamical persistence over time, a fundamental feature called resilience. To better understand the mechanism underlying resilience in neural circuits, we considered a nonlinear network model, extracting the relationship between excitability heterogeneity and resilience. To measure resilience, we quantified the number of stationary states of this network, and how they are affected by various control parameters...
January 1, 2024: Chaos
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38167182/using-framework-analysis-to-understand-multiple-stakeholders-views-of-vocational-rehabilitation-following-acquired-brain-injury
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Venerina Johnston, Charlotte Brakenridge, Donna Valiant, Charmaine Leow Kai Ling, Nicole Andrews, Elise M Gane, Ben Turner, Melissa Kendall, Ray Quinn
PURPOSE: To explore how vocational rehabilitation (VR) is currently delivered for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) across multiple stakeholder groups and identify areas for improvement in service delivery using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). METHODS: Seven focus groups were conducted with rehabilitation clinicians; outreach providers, insurers/regulators, VR providers and disability employment service providers ( n = 44) experienced in VR of individuals with ABI...
September 2023: Brain Impairment: a Multidisciplinary Journal of the Australian Society for the Study of Brain Impairment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38157678/efficient-extraction-of-adventitious-virus-nucleic-acid-using-commercially-available-methods
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William G Valiant, Jon Borman, Kang Cai, Peter M Vallone
An essential step in pharmaceutical product development is screening for contamination with adventitious agents, and there is desire to develop highly sensitive assays to detect adventitious viral nucleic acid. This study sought to examine the nucleic acid extraction efficiency of three viral candidates in relevant background matrices using four different extraction methods. Three model adventitious viruses, Minute virus of Mice, Porcine Circovirus, and Feline Leukemia Virus, were diluted within a variety of background matrices relevant to pharmaceutical production methods...
December 28, 2023: Biologicals: Journal of the International Association of Biological Standardization
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38152514/emergence-patterns-from-general-anesthesia-after-epilepsy-surgery-an-observational-pilot-study
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lashmi Venkatraghavan, Suparna Bhardwaj, Sujoy Banik, Tumul Chowdhury, Mary Pat McAndrews, Taufik Valiante
Objective Emergence from anesthesia starts from the limbic structures and then spreads outwards to brainstem, reticular activating systems, and then to the cortex. Epilepsy surgery often involves resection of limbic structures and hence may disrupt the pattern of emergence. The aim of this study was to explore the pattern of emergence from anesthesia following epilepsy surgery and to determine associated variables affecting the emergence pattern. Setting and Design  Tertiary care center, prospective observational study...
September 2023: Asian Journal of Neurosurgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38090710/engineered-living-materials-for-the-conversion-of-a-low-cost-food-grade-precursor-to-a-high-value-flavonoid
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Florian Riedel, Maria Puertas Bartolomé, Lara Luana Teruel Enrico, Claudia Fink-Straube, Cao Nguyen Duong, Fabio Gherlone, Ying Huang, Vito Valiante, Aránzazu Del Campo, Shrikrishnan Sankaran
Microbial biofactories allow the upscaled production of high-value compounds in biotechnological processes. This is particularly advantageous for compounds like flavonoids that promote better health through their antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-cancer and other beneficial effects but are produced in small quantities in their natural plant-based hosts. Bacteria like E. coli have been genetically modified with enzyme cascades to produce flavonoids like naringenin and pinocembrin from coumaric or cinnamic acid...
2023: Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38083071/hardware-efficient-1d-cnn-for-patient-specific-early-seizure-detection
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhiyu Yang, Jamie Koerner, Gerard O'Leary, Taufik A Valiante, Roman Genov
Closed-loop brain-implantable neuromodulation devices are a new treatment option for patients with refractory epilepsy. Seizure detection algorithms implemented on such devices are subject to strict power and area constraints. Deep learning methods, though very powerful, tend to have high computational complexity and thus are typically impractical for resource-constrained neuromodulation devices. In this paper, we propose a compact and hardware-efficient one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) structure for patient-specific early seizure detection...
July 2023: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38035119/stent-graft-migration-due-to-structural-failure-nine-months-after-thoracic-endovascular-aortic-repair-using-valiant-navion
#13
Keisuke Kamada, Masami Shingaki, Keitaro Nakanishi, Kazunori Ishikawa, Atsuhiro Koya, Kiyohumi Morishita
OBJECTIVE: This report presents a case of stent graft migration that was suspected to have occurred due to failure of the Valiant Navion device (Medtronic Inc., Santa Rosa, CA, USA). This case was rare because the broken device was removed from the living patient and examined directly. CASE REPORT: A 69 year old man who had previously undergone thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) with arch vessel debranching (axillo-axillary bypass with left common carotid artery bypass) for distal arch aneurysm experienced stent graft (SG) migration 9 months after the primary surgery...
2023: EJVES vascular forum
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37986878/abstract-representations-emerge-in-human-hippocampal-neurons-during-inference-behavior
#14
Hristos S Courellis, Juri Mixha, Araceli R Cardenas, Daniel Kimmel, Chrystal M Reed, Taufik A Valiante, C Daniel Salzman, Adam N Mamelak, Ralph Adolphs, Stefano Fusi, Ueli Rutishauser
Humans have the remarkable cognitive capacity to rapidly adapt to changing environments. Central to this capacity is the ability to form high-level, abstract representations that take advantage of regularities in the world to support generalization 1,2 . However, how these representations are encoded in populations of neurons, how they emerge through learning, and how they relate to behavior remains unknown 3 . Here we characterized the representational geometry of populations of neurons (single-units) recorded in the hippocampus, amygdala, medial frontal cortex, and ventral temporal cortex of neurosurgical patients who are performing an inferential reasoning task...
November 11, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37971495/limits-and-usefulness-of-intraoperative-evoked-potentials-during-laminoplasty
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rossella Rispoli, Christian Lettieri, Giada Pauletto, Gabriele Valiante, Yan Tereshko, Barbara Cappelletto
BACKGROUND: Over the past 10 years, intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (IONM) has been widely performed during surgery for treating spondylotic cervical myelopathy. Our study considers the predictive value of IONM during laminoplasty, regarding, first, the adequacy of spinal cord decompression and, second, the long-term neuro-functional outcome. METHODS: We considered 38 patients with the diagnosis of degenerative cervical myelopathy who underwent an open-door laminoplasty...
November 16, 2023: Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37860223/distinctive-biophysical-features-of-human-cell-types-insights-from-studies-of-neurosurgically-resected-brain-tissue
#16
REVIEW
Homeira Moradi Chameh, Madeleine Falby, Mandana Movahed, Keon Arbabi, Scott Rich, Liang Zhang, Jérémie Lefebvre, Shreejoy J Tripathy, Maurizio De Pittà, Taufik A Valiante
Electrophysiological characterization of live human tissue from epilepsy patients has been performed for many decades. Although initially these studies sought to understand the biophysical and synaptic changes associated with human epilepsy, recently, it has become the mainstay for exploring the distinctive biophysical and synaptic features of human cell-types. Both epochs of these human cellular electrophysiological explorations have faced criticism. Early studies revealed that cortical pyramidal neurons obtained from individuals with epilepsy appeared to function "normally" in comparison to neurons from non-epilepsy controls or neurons from other species and thus there was little to gain from the study of human neurons from epilepsy patients...
2023: Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37815405/baron-dominique-jean-larrey-1766-1842-innovator-of-the-triage
#17
REVIEW
Konstantinos Karamouzis, Miltiadis Perdikakis, Spyros N Michaleas, Marianna Karamanou
BACKGROUND: During times of war, it is common for some of the most valiant physicians to practice their skills at the battlefields. Only few of them, however, manage to excel. Among those physicians who seemed like the battlefield was their natural environment, was the military surgeon of the French army, Baron Dominique Jean Larrey (1766-1842). He studied medicine and served in the French Navy. Baron Larrey was one of the most significant medical innovators. METHODS: International literature was digitally searched...
October 10, 2023: Acta Chirurgica Belgica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37797618/recover-identifies-synergistic-drug-combinations-in%C3%A2-vitro-through-sequential-model-optimization
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paul Bertin, Jarrid Rector-Brooks, Deepak Sharma, Thomas Gaudelet, Andrew Anighoro, Torsten Gross, Francisco Martínez-Peña, Eileen L Tang, M S Suraj, Cristian Regep, Jeremy B R Hayter, Maksym Korablyov, Nicholas Valiante, Almer van der Sloot, Mike Tyers, Charles E S Roberts, Michael M Bronstein, Luke L Lairson, Jake P Taylor-King, Yoshua Bengio
For large libraries of small molecules, exhaustive combinatorial chemical screens become infeasible to perform when considering a range of disease models, assay conditions, and dose ranges. Deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art results in silico for the prediction of synergy scores. However, databases of drug combinations are biased toward synergistic agents and results do not generalize out of distribution. During 5 rounds of experimentation, we employ sequential model optimization with a deep learning model to select drug combinations increasingly enriched for synergism and active against a cancer cell line-evaluating only ∼5% of the total search space...
September 27, 2023: Cell Rep Methods
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37705206/global-valiant-study-lifting-the-lid-on-disappointment-and-frustration-with-lack-of-effective-treatment-for-vitiligo
#19
EDITORIAL
Alia Ahmed, Viktoria Eleftheriadou
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
September 14, 2023: British Journal of Dermatology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37647073/mental-health-and-psychosocial-quality-of-life-burden-among-patients-with-vitiligo-findings-from-the-global-valiant-study
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristen Bibeau, Khaled Ezzedine, John E Harris, Nanja van Geel, Pearl Grimes, Davinder Parsad, Mukta Tulpule, Jackie Gardner, Yan Valle, Gaone Tlhong Matewa, Christine LaFiura, Anouk Lindley, Haobo Ren, Iltefat H Hamzavi
IMPORTANCE: Patients with vitiligo often have impaired quality of life (QOL) and experience substantial psychosocial burden. OBJECTIVE: To explore the global association of vitiligo with QOL and mental health from the patient perspective. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This qualitative study of the cross-sectional population-based Vitiligo and Life Impact Among International Communities (VALIANT) study was conducted from May 6, 2021, to June 21, 2021...
August 30, 2023: JAMA Dermatology
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