Corley

OBJECTIVE: Colonoscopy surveillance guidelines categorize individuals as high or low risk for future colorectal cancer (CRC) based primarily on their prior polyp characteristics, but the approach is imprecise, and consideration of other risk factors may improve post-polypectomy risk stratification. METHODS: Among patients who underwent a baseline colonoscopy with removal of a conventional adenoma in 2004-2016, we compared the performance for post-polypectomy CRC risk prediction (through 2020) of a comprehensive model featuring patient age, diabetes diagnosis, and baseline colonoscopy indication and prior polyp findings (i...

BACKGROUND: Understanding the relative contributions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced and vaccine- induced seroprevalence is key to measuring overall population-level seroprevalence and help guide policy decisions. METHODS: Using a series of six population-based cross-sectional surveys conducted among persons aged ≥7 years in a large health system with over 4.5 million members between May 2021 and April 2022, we combined data from the electronic health record (EHR), an electronic survey and SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody binding assay, to assess the relative contributions of infection and vaccination to population- level SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence...

Medical cannabis (MC) may offer therapeutic benefits for children with complex neurological conditions and chronic diseases. In Canada, parents, and caregivers frequently report encountering barriers when accessing MC for their children. These include negative preconceived notions about risks and benefits, challenges connecting with a knowledgeable healthcare provider (HCP), the high cost of MC products, and navigating MC product shortages. In this manuscript, we explore several of these barriers and provide recommendations to decision-makers to enable a family-centered and evidence-based approach to MC medicine and research for children...

High fructose diets are associated with an increased risk of liver cancer. Previous studies in mice suggest increased lipogenesis is a key mechanism linking high fructose diets to liver tumour growth. However, these studies administered fructose to mice at supraphysiological levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether liver tumour growth and lipogenesis were altered in mice fed fructose at physiological levels. To test this, we injected male C57BL/6 mice with the liver carcinogen diethylnitrosamine and then fed them diets without fructose or fructose ranging from 10 to 20 % total calories...

INTRODUCTION: Modeling supporting recommendations for colonoscopy and stool-based colorectal cancer (CRC) screening tests assumes 100% sequential participant adherence. The impact of observed adherence on the long-term effectiveness of screening is unknown. We evaluated the effectiveness of a program of screening-colonoscopy every ten years versus annual high-sensitivity guaiac-based fecal occult blood testing (HSgFOBT) using observed sequential adherence data. METHODS: MIcrosimulation SCreening ANalysis (MISCAN) model using observed sequential screening adherence, HSgFOBT positivity, and diagnostic-colonoscopy adherence in HSgFOBT-positive individuals from the National Colonoscopy Study (NCS; single screening-colonoscopy versus ≥4 HSgFOBT sequential rounds)...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether racial and socioeconomic inequities in pediatric palliative care utilization extend to children with high-intensity neurologic impairment (HI-NI), which is a chronic neurological diagnosis resulting in substantial functional morbidity and mortality. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective study of patients with HI-NI who received primary care services at a tertiary care center from 2014 through 2019. HI-NI diagnoses that warranted a palliative care referral were identified by consensus of a multidisciplinary team...

IMPORTANCE: Uptake of COVID-19 vaccines among pregnant individuals was hampered by safety concerns around potential risks to unborn children. Data clarifying early neurodevelopmental outcomes of offspring exposed to COVID-19 vaccination in utero are lacking. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether in utero exposure to maternal COVID-19 vaccination was associated with differences in scores on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire, third edition (ASQ-3), at 12 and 18 months of age...

The growth of international trade, coupled with an expansion of large-scale pine plantations in South America during the second half of the twentieth century, has significantly increased the opportunities for the invasion of forest insects. Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae) are a large and diverse group of insects, commonly recognized as one of the most important tree mortality agents in coniferous forests worldwide and an important group among invasive forest species. In this study, we combined data from field sampling with published records of established non-native pine bark beetles, to describe their distribution and invasion history in pine plantations across southern South America, reviewing the available information on their phenology and host range...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Risk of obstructive sleep apnea appears to be increased among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), but the underlying physiology is unclear. We sought to identify predictors of OSA risk among patients with PCOS. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis of patients evaluated for PCOS at a single tertiary center from 2017 to 2022 was completed. Inclusion criteria included: age 18-44, Rotterdam criteria for PCOS, and had completed a Berlin Questionnaire (BQ) for OSA risk assessment...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Guidelines now recommend patients with low-risk adenomas receive colonoscopy surveillance in 7-10 years and those with the previously recommended 5-year interval be reevaluated. We tested three outreach approaches for transitioning patients to the 10-year interval recommendation. METHODS: Design: 3-arm pragmatic randomized trial comparing telephone, secure messaging, and mailed letter outreach. SETTING: Kaiser Permanente Northern California, a large integrated healthcare system...

This case report details the cutaneous findings of a patient with a history of diffuse B-cell lymphoma and SAE-1-positive dermatomyositis who developed an adverse cutaneous reaction after initiation of treatment with hydroxychloroquine. This adds to the sparse literature available detailing the correlation between anti-SAE-1 autoantibodies in dermatomyositis and the unique adverse cutaneous reactions in patients taking hydroxychloroquine. Additionally, our patient developed dermatomyositis years after a diagnosis of lymphoma...

Genetic association studies have linked ATP10A and closely related type IV P-type ATPases (P4-ATPases) to insulin resistance and vascular complications, such as atherosclerosis. ATP10A translocates phosphatidylcholine and glucosylceramide across cell membranes, and these lipids or their metabolites play important roles in signal transduction pathways regulating metabolism. However, the influence of ATP10A on lipid metabolism in mice has not been explored. Here, we generated gene-specific Atp10A knockout mice and show that Atp10A-/- mice fed a high-fat diet did not gain excess weight relative to wild-type littermates...

BACKGROUND: Cannabis use is associated with outcomes like income, legal problems, and psychopathology. This finding rests largely on correlational research designs, which rely at best on statistical controls for confounding. Here, we control for unmeasured confounders using a longitudinal study of twins. METHOD: In a sample of 4,078 American adult twins first assessed decades ago, we used cotwin control mixed effects models to evaluate the effect of lifetime average frequency of cannabis consumption measured on substance use, psychiatric, and psychosocial outcomes...

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to provide information about pathways to care and clinical response to community-based brief interventions for improving youth mental health through evaluating the Mindspace Mayo service. METHODS: Participants were 1,184 individuals aged 12-25 years (Mean = 17.92, SD = 2.66) who engaged with the Mindspace service. Demographic information included gender, age and living situation. The Clinical Outcome in Routine Evaluation (CORE) was used to measure psychological distress before and after attending the Mindspace service between February 2015 and 2022...

This case study aims to describe the dilemma faced when exposing rats to very high concentrations of fine, pulverulent materials for acute inhalation studies and to address the regulatory question of whether the effects seen here are relevant to humans and the subject of classification according to the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS). Many powders match the definition of nanomaterials in the EU; therefore, information on acute inhalation testing of powders up to the GHS cutoff of 5 mg/L is required...

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs), the remnants of ancient viral infections embedded within the human genome, and long interspersed nuclear elements 1 (LINE-1), a class of autonomous retrotransposons, are silenced by host epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation. The resurrection of particular retroelements has been linked to biological aging. Whether the DNA methylation states of locus specific HERVs and LINEs can be used as a biomarker of chronological age in humans remains unclear. We show that highly predictive epigenetic clocks of chronological age can be constructed from retroelement DNA methylation states in the immune system, across human tissues, and pan-mammalian species...

A tumor nano-lysate "TNL" vaccine comprised of sonicated 4 T1 cells was developed, characterized and implemented for the prevention of triple-negative breast cancer. This study aims to gain a better understanding of the immune response behind the success of the vaccine in vivo, through use of ex vivo and in vivo assays. Here, we analyze the activation of various immune cells isolated from healthy mouse spleens and find that antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells (DCs) are being activated following 24 h incubation with 1:10 mg TNL/mg splenocytes...

Four zebra finches in a closed research colony presented with variable clinical signs, including masses, skin lesions, shivering, and/or ruffled feathers. These birds were not responsive to treatment efforts; 3 died and one was euthanized. All 4 were submitted for necropsy to determine the cause of the clinical signs. Gross necropsy and histopathologic findings from all birds resulted in a diagnosis of round cell neoplasia in multiple organs, including the skin, liver, kidney, and reproductive tract, with intranuclear inclusion bodies in the neoplastic cells...

Osteomyelitis occurs when Staphylococcus aureus invades the bone microenvironment, resulting in a bone marrow abscess with a spatially defined architecture of cells and biomolecules. Imaging mass spectrometry and microscopy are invaluable tools that can be employed to interrogate the lipidome of S. aureus -infected murine femurs to reveal metabolic and signaling consequences of infection. Here, nearly 250 lipids were spatially mapped to healthy and infection-associated morphological features throughout the femur, establishing composition profiles for tissue types...

This multicenter study describes the population pharmacokinetics (PK) of fluconazole in critically ill patients receiving concomitant extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) and includes an evaluation of different fluconazole dosing regimens for achievement of target exposure associated with maximal efficacy. Serial blood samples were obtained from critically ill patients on ECMO and CRRT receiving fluconazole. Total fluconazole concentrations were measured in plasma using a validated chromatographic assay...