arterial blood gases

Various anesthetic protocols are used in laboratory swine, each with specific advantages and disadvantages. Partial intravenousanesthetic techniques (PIVA) help minimize dose-dependent cardiopulmonary effects of inhalant drugs. The aim of thisstudy was to determine the cardiopulmonary effects of a PIVA in laboratory swine. In a prospective, nonrandomized clinicalstudy, 8 healthy juvenile Landrace-White pigs were premedicated with azaperone (0.20 ± 0.20 mg/kg IM), dexmedetomidine(0.02 ± 0.002 mg/kg IM), and alfaxalone (2...

RATIONALE: Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious and potentially life-threatening acute complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (eDKA) is however challenging to identify in the emergency department (ED) due to absence of marked hyperglycemia, often leading to delayed diagnosis and treatment. eDKA has been recently found to be associated with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, one of the newest classes of antidiabetics, though there are very limited reports implicating dapagliflozin as the offending agent in ED patients...

Methanol mass poisoning is a global problem with high fatality rates and often severe sequelae in survivors. Patients typically present late to the hospital with severe metabolic acidosis followed by a rapid deterioration in their clinical status. The hypothesis "Circulus hypoxicus" describes the metabolic acidosis following methanol poisoning as a self-enhancing hypoxic circle responsible for methanol toxicity. We wanted to test the validity of this hypothesis by an observational study based on 35 patients from the methanol outbreaks in Norway (2004) and the Czech Republic (2012)...

Purpose of the Study: Data regarding the use of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) for treatment of acute respiratory failure (ARF) among patients with noncystic fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis are limited. We intend to describe our experience with NIV use in this setting. Methodology: This was a retrospective study which included 99 patients with bronchiectasis and ARF who required either NIV or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results: NIV was started as the primary modality of ventilatory support in 81 (66...

Despite being a cardinal experimental model, the induction of cirrhosis in rats by repeated exposure to carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) has low reproducibility. Here, we compared two models of cirrhosis induced by orogastric administration of CCl4 once (CCl4-1xWk) or twice a week (CCl4-2xWk) for 12 weeks in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Control rats received water instead of CCl4. Both CCl4 protocols similarly attenuated body weight gain (p < 0.01 vs. Control). Although both CCl4 protocols increased hepatic fibrosis, portal hypertension and splenomegaly, the magnitude of these alterations was higher and more consistent in CCl4-2xWk rats...

BACKGROUND: Although peritoneal lavage with povidone-iodine (PVPI) is frequently performed after surgery on the gastrointestinal tract, the effects of PVPI on the intestinal epithelial barrier are unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of abdominal irrigation with PVPI on the intestinal epithelial barrier in a colorectal cancer (CRC)-induced rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The CRC model was induced in rats with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate...

Acid-base status is frequently assessed in severe sepsis and septic shock. Venous blood gas sampling is proposed as a less-invasive modality but lacks evidence within this population. The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation and agreement between arterial blood gas (ABG), peripheral venous blood gas (pVBG), and central venous blood gas (cVBG) in severe sepsis and septic shock. We conducted a prospective, observational cohort study in subjects admitted to the medical intensive care unit. Simultaneous blood gas samples, including ABG, pVBG, and cVBG, were analyzed for correlation and agreement...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate a new balloon technique to induce intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome in a conscious dog model, and to evaluate the effect of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on cardiovascular, respiratory, and arterial blood gas values in conscious dogs with IAH. DESIGN: Prospective, experimental study. SETTING: University-based small animal research facility. ANIMALS: Six healthy Beagle dogs, 4 males, and 2 females...

There are animal species that have adapted to life at high altitude and hypobaric hypoxia conditions in the Andean highlands. One such species is the llama ( Lama glama ), which seem to have developed efficient protective mechanisms to avoid maladaptation resulting from chronic hypoxia, such as a resistance to the development of hypoxia -induced pulmonary hypertension. On the other hand, it is widely known that different models of hypertension can arise as a result of changes in endothelial function. The respect, one of the common causes of deregulation in endothelial vasodilator function have been associated with down-regulation of the NO synthesis and an increase in plasma levels of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and homocysteine...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate clinical and physiological responses in moose to thiafentanil administration for immobilization. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional clinical study. ANIMALS: Eleven (six males and five females) free-ranging adult moose (Alces alces). METHODS: Each moose was darted from a helicopter with 7.5 mg thiafentanil during March 2014 in northern Sweden. Physiological evaluation included vital signs and blood gases...

Purpose: Hypoxia induces pulmonary vasoconstriction with a subsequent increase of pulmonary artery pressure (PAP), which can result in pulmonary hypertension. Serelaxin has shown an increase of pulmonary hemodynamic parameters after serelaxin injection. We therefore investigated the response of pulmonary hemodynamic parameters after serelaxin administration in a clinically relevant model. Methods: Six controls and six sheep that received 30 μg/kg serelaxin underwent right heart catheterization during a 12-minute hypoxia period (inhalation of 5% oxygen and 95% nitrogen) and subsequent reoxygenation...

While the cerebral autoregulation sufficiently protects subcortical brain regions during hypoxia or asphyxia, the cerebral cortex is not as adequately protected, which suggests that regulation of the cerebral blood flow (CBF) is area-specific. Hypoxia was induced by inhalation of 5% oxygen, for reoxygenation 100% oxygen was used. Cortical and subcortical CBF (by laser Doppler flowmetry), blood gases, mean arterial blood pressure (MABP), heart rate and renal blood flow were constantly monitored. Low dosed urapidil was used for α1A-adrenergic receptor blockade...

Background: COPD is preventable and treatable and is characterized by completely nonreversible airflow obstruction. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of long-term oxygen therapy on patients with stage 4 COPD who were followed up and treated at the polyclinic or clinic service. We evaluated the effects of oxygen therapy on energy metabolism and physical activity in patients with COPD. Methods: Nineteen patients with COPD (16 male/3 female), treated with oxygen therapy for the first time, were included in this study...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the induction and recovery characteristics and selected cardiopulmonary variables of midazolam-alfaxalone or midazolam-ketamine in donkeys sedated with xylazine. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, blinded, crossover experimental trial. ANIMALS: A group of seven adult male castrated donkeys weighing 164 ± 14 kg. METHODS: Donkeys were randomly administered midazolam (0.05 mg kg-1 ) and alfaxalone (1 mg kg-1 ) or midazolam (0...

PURPOSE: To compare the safety/efficacy of intermittent subcutaneous rapid-acting insulin aspart with the standard low-dose intravenous infusion protocol of regular insulin for treatment of pediatric diabetic-ketoacidosis. METHODS: For a prospective randomized-controlled clinical trial on 50 children/adolescents with mild/moderate diabetic-ketoacidosis, the diagnostic criteria for ketoacidosis included: blood glucose level >250 mg/dl, ketonuria>++, venous pH <7...

BACKGROUND: Until recently, it has been considered essential to maintain the use of a double-limb circuit in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to avoid rebreathing expired air during invasive mechanical ventilation. Currently, life-sustaining home ventilators can work with a single, lighter circuit that is easier to manage. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a single-limb circuit with intentional leaks (passive circuit) in comparison with a circuit with an expiratory valve (active circuit), in subjects with ALS who use invasive home ventilation...

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal carbon-dioxide removal (ECCO2 R) might allow ultraprotective mechanical ventilation with lower tidal volume (VT) (< 6 ml/kg predicted body weight), plateau pressure (Pplat ) (< 30 cmH2 O), and driving pressure to limit ventilator-induced lung injury. This study was undertaken to assess the feasibility and safety of ECCO2 R managed with a renal replacement therapy (RRT) platform to enable very low tidal volume ventilation of patients with mild-to-moderate acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)...

OBJECTIVES: Endocan plays a role in the development of vascular tissue in health and disease and is an indicator of endothelial cells activation and angiogenesis. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between maternal endocan serum level and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as well as ultrasound Doppler flow measurements indicating placental insufficiency. METHODS: This study included a group of women with IUGR (n = 37) and a group of healthy pregnant women (controls, n = 37)...

BACKGROUND: Transcutaneous monitors are utilized to monitor a patient's respiratory status. Some patients have similar values when comparing transcutaneous carbon dioxide ( P tcCO2 ) values with blood gas analysis, whereas others show extreme variability. A retrospective review of data was performed to determine how accurately P tcCO2 correlated with CO2 values obtained by arterial blood gas (ABG) or capillary blood gas. METHODS: To determine whether P tcCO2 values correlated with ABG or capillary blood gas values, subjects' records were retrospectively reviewed...

BACKGROUND: In contrast to conventional mandatory ventilation, a new ventilation mode, expiratory ventilation assistance (EVA), linearises the expiratory tracheal pressure decline. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesised that due to a recruiting effect, linearised expiration oxygenates better than volume controlled ventilation (VCV). We compared the EVA with VCV mode with regard to gas exchange, ventilation volumes and pressures and lung aeration in a model of peri-operative mandatory ventilation in healthy pigs...