Hormonal contraception linked to cancer

Lobular carcinoma represent the most common special histological subtype of breast cancer, with the majority classed as hormone receptor-positive. Rates of invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) in postmenopausal women have been seen to increase globally, whilst other hormone receptor-positive breast cancers proportionally have not followed the same trend. This has been linked to exposure to exogenous ovarian hormones such as hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Reproductive factors resulting in increased lifetime exposure to endogenous ovarian hormones have also been linked to an increased risk of lobular breast cancer, and taken together, these data make a case for the role of ovarian hormones in the genesis and progression of the disease...

Seizure aggravation in women with epilepsy (WWE) tends to occur at two specific times during the menstrual cycle: the perimenstrual phase and the ovulation period. Antiseizure drugs (ASDs), especially those that induce enzymes, can accelerate the metabolism of hormones in oral contraceptives, rendering them less effective. Estrogen in contraceptive pills increases the metabolism of lamotrigine. Physiological changes during pregnancy can significantly impact the pharmacokinetics of ASDs, potentially necessitating adjustments in dosage for women with epilepsy to maintain seizure control...

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a common disorder, particularly affecting women during their reproductive years. This female preponderance has been linked to exposure to female sex hormones. METHODS: We used self-reported data from women born in 1943-1965 enrolled in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study to examine the differences between women with migraine and women without migraine in a prospective design with respect to both endogenous and exogenous female sex hormone exposure...

BACKGROUND: Ovarian cancer is rare with a poor prognosis and few established risk factors. Hormones and reproductive factors significantly impact its development, suggesting a potential link with endocrine disrupters. METHODS: In the AGRICAN cohort, 59 391 female farmers completed data on lifelong agricultural exposures and reproductive life. Cox models with attained age as timescale (HR and 95% CI) were used. The role of hormonal factors as potential confounders was considered along with specific time windows for exposure (childhood, puberty and menopause)...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is higher in women than in men but whether sex steroid hormones contribute to this difference remains unclear. Studies of reproductive and hormonal factors and thyroid cancer risk have provided inconsistent results. METHODS: Original data from 1 252 907 women in 16 cohorts in North America, Europe, Australia and Asia were combined to evaluate associations of DTC risk with reproductive and hormonal factors...

OBJECTIVES: Develop an endometrial cancer risk prediction model and externally validate it for UK primary care use. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: The UK Biobank was used for model development and a linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink, CPRD) and secondary care (HES), mortality (ONS) and cancer register (NRCAS) dataset was used for external validation. POPULATION: Women aged 45-60 years with no history of endometrial cancer or hysterectomy...

Progestins used in hormonal contraceptives and menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) have been linked to increased breast cancer risk. Whether the association holds for all progestins is unclear and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We directly compared the effects of four progestins (medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA), norethisterone acetate (NET-A), levonorgestrel (LNG) and drospirenone (DRSP)) to each other and the natural progestogen progesterone (P4 ) on selected cancer hallmarks. To provide mechanistic insight into these effects, we assessed the role of the progesterone receptor (PR), and the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) and c-Jun N terminal (JNK) signaling pathways...

BACKGROUND: Regular participation in cervical cancer screening is critical to reducing mortality. Although certain sociodemographic factors are known to be associated with one-time participation in screening, little is known about other factors that could be related to regular participation. Therefore, this study evaluated the association between health-related behavioral factors and regular participation in cervical cancer screening. METHODS: The Lifelines population-based cohort was linked to data for cervical cancer screening from the Dutch Nationwide Pathology Databank...

Previous studies reported inconsistent results regarding the association between keratinocyte carcinoma (KC) and exogenous hormone therapy. This study aimed to investigate the association between the use of exogenous sex hormones and the risk of KC among women. The databases of PubMed, Ovid Medline, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched until May 2023. A total of 5293 patients with KC and 106,424 controls were included for analysis. The meta-analysis indicated that oral contraceptives (OC) and hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) use were associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (OR/RR = 1...

Many factors, including reproductive hormones, have been linked to a woman's risk of developing breast cancer (BC). We reviewed the literature regarding the relationship between ovulatory menstrual cycles (MCs) and BC risk. Physiological variations in the frequency of MCs and interference with MCs through genetic variations, pathological conditions and or pharmaceutical interventions revealed a strong link between BC risk and the lifetime number of MCs. A substantial reduction in BC risk is observed in situations without MCs...

The intrauterine device is one of the most effective forms of contraception. Use of the intrauterine device has increased in the United States over the last 2 decades. Two formulations are commercially available in the United States: the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and the copper intrauterine device. The levonorgestrel intrauterine device releases progestin, causing endometrial suppression and cervical mucus thickening, whereas the primary mechanism of action of the copper intrauterine device is to create a local inflammatory response to prevent fertilization...

BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns worldwide are increasingly displaced by many cheap, highly palatable, and ready-to-eat ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Higher UPF consumption has been linked to increased risk for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, but prospective evidence is limited on cancer outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between UPF consumption and risk for overall and site-specific cancer incidence and cancer mortality using the UK Biobank cohort. METHODS: 197 426 participants of the UK Biobank from England, Scotland, and Wales with 24-h dietary recall completed between 2009 and 2012 were included...

Women with a high family risk of breast cancer are those with an identified genetic predisposition or those who have a suggestive family history without an identified germinal mutation, particularly for BRCA1 and BRCA2. Among these women with a very high risk of breast cancer, the fear of a potentially increased risk of breast cancer linked to some hormonal contraceptives and to the use of hormone replacement therapy, in connection with the general population data collected in literature, has led to certain reluctance to prescribe them to these women...

BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns worldwide are increasingly displaced by many cheap, highly palatable, and ready-to-eat ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Higher UPF consumption has been linked to increased risk for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, but prospective evidence is limited on cancer outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between UPF consumption and risk for overall and site-specific cancer incidence and cancer mortality using the UK Biobank cohort. METHODS: 197 426 participants of the UK Biobank from England, Scotland, and Wales with 24-h dietary recall completed between 2009 and 2012 were included...

BACKGROUND: Dietary patterns worldwide are increasingly displaced by many cheap, highly palatable, and ready-to-eat ultra-processed foods (UPFs). Higher UPF consumption has been linked to increased risk for obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, but prospective evidence is limited on cancer outcomes. This study aimed to examine the association between UPF consumption and risk for overall and site-specific cancer incidence and cancer mortality using the UK Biobank cohort. METHODS: 197 426 participants of the UK Biobank from England, Scotland, and Wales with 24-h dietary recall completed between 2009 and 2012 were included...

These documents have been archived because they contain outdated information. They should not be consulted for clinical use, but for historical research only. Please visit the journal website for the most recent guidelines. The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Obstetric Patient [J Obstet Gynaecol Can 36 (2014) 349-355] AUTHORS Yves Patenaude, MD, Sherbrooke, QC Denise Pugash, MD, Vancouver, BC Kenneth Lim, MD, Vancouver, BC Lucie Morin, MD, Montreal, QC The Role of Surgery in Endometrial Cancer [J Obstet Gynaecol Can 35 (2013) 370-371] AUTHORS Christopher Giede, MD, Saskatoon, SK Tien Le, MD, Ottawa, ON Patti Power, MD, St John's, NL Female Genital Cutting [J Obstet Gynaecol Can 35 (2013) 1028-1045] AUTHORS Liette Perron, MSW, Ottawa, ON Vyta Senikas, MD, Ottawa, ON Margaret Burnett, MD, Winnipeg, ON Victoria Davis, MD, Scarborough, ON Technical Update on Pessary Use [J Obstet Gynaecol Can 35 (2013) 664-674] AUTHORS Magali Robert, MD, Calgary, AB Jane A...

Circadian nutritional behaviors, defined by the daily eating/fasting cycle, have been linked with breast cancer. This study aimed to further disentangle the association of nighttime fasting duration and time of breakfast with breast cancer risk. We analyzed data from 1,181 breast cancer cases and 1,326 population controls from the Spanish multicase-control study (MCC-Spain), 2008-2013. We collected circadian nutritional behaviors at mid-age via a telephonic interview. We applied logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of nighttime fasting duration and time of breakfast with breast cancer risk in all women and stratified by menopausal status...

BACKGROUND: To identify factors related to reproductive history and weight change associated with first incident fracture in middle-aged women. METHODS: In total, 18,326 women from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study were included in this prospective population-based cohort study. Participants were included 1991-1996 and followed to 2016. Using data from the National Patient Registry, linked with every participants' unique personal identification number, any first fracture affecting spine, thoracic cage, upper and lower extremities was identified...

Several non-genetic factors have been associated with ovarian cancer incidence or mortality. To evaluate the strength and validity of the evidence we conducted an umbrella review of the literature that included systematic reviews/meta-analyses that evaluated the link between non-genetic risk factors and ovarian cancer incidence and mortality. We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and performed a manual screening of references. Evidence was graded into strong, highly suggestive, suggestive or weak based on statistical significance of the random effects summary estimate and the largest study in a meta-analysis, the number of cases, between-study heterogeneity, 95% prediction intervals, small study effects, and presence of excess significance bias...

From 1941, the synthetic oestrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES) was administered to millions of women around the world to prevent miscarriages. In 1971, a clear and direct link was shown between taking DES during pregnancy and its subsequent long-term morbid effects on offspring. In the last 50 years, the list of side effects of in-utero exposure to DES has grown to include cancer, infertility, significant prematurity and urogenital malformation, amongst others. Based on qualitative sociological research conducted between 2010 and 2013, compiling archives, judicial documents and 108 interviews, this article illustrates a continuous production of ignorance in France...