Down syndrome, child, language

PURPOSE: Dyadic caregiver-child interactions are commonly used to examine children's language learning environments. However, children frequently interact with multiple caregivers and/or siblings if they come from homes with multiple caregivers and siblings. Thus, we examined if and how caregiver opportunities to respond (OTRs) varied when sampled across three interaction configurations. METHOD: Twelve children with Down syndrome ( M age = 40.82 months) and their biological parents participated in the current study...

BACKGROUND: This study aims to thoroughly study the connection between congenital heart disease (CHD) and neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) through observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) designs. METHODS: This observational study uses data from the National Survey of Children's Health (2020-2021). Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching (PSM) were performed to analyze the association. PSM was used to minimize bias for covariates such as age, race, gender, maternal age, birth weight, concussion or brain injury, preterm birth, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and other inherited conditions...

OBJECTIVE: Neurocognitive deficits in attention, short-term memory, and sequential information processing are present in children with a variety of disabilities, whereas language and visuospatial abilities vary. METHOD: We compared the performance of 59 children (mean age, 15 years) with learning disabilities (n = 18), Down syndrome (n = 21), and intellectual disabilities (n = 20). A series of neuropsychological tests were used to evaluate the neurocognitive processes of memory, attention, visuospatial perception, and executive function...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the distribution of expressive language abilities of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) in a clinical sample and characterize demographic, environmental, and medical factors associated with varying expressive language profiles. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was completed on a sample of 345 individuals with DS between the ages of 4 and 22 years who were enrolled into a longitudinal clinical database between March 2018 and August 2021. Expressive language-related items on a standardized caregiver-reported questionnaire assessing domains of functioning in neurodevelopmental disorders were used to conduct latent variable modeling and determine caregiver-reported expressive language (CREL) classes across the sample...

Our main objective was to analyze the role of imageability in relation to the age of acquisition (AoA) of nouns and verbs in Spanish-speaking children with Down syndrome (DS) and their peers with typical development (TD). The AoA of nouns and verbs was determined using the MacArthur-Bates CDIs adapted to the profile of children with DS. The AoA was analyzed using a linear mixed-effect model, including factors of imageability, group, and word class, and controlling for word frequency and word length. This analysis showed that high imaginable and short words were acquired early...

BACKGROUND: Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability, affecting 700-800 babies annually in the UK (Wu J, Morris J, Eur J Hum Genet 21:1016-9, 2013). Children with Down syndrome have difficulties developing language skills. These difficulties can have long-term negative consequences for all aspects of their lives including social development, education and employment opportunities, and emotional wellbeing and mental health (Irwin LG et. al 2007). These aspects all have the potential to be improved through targeted early language intervention...

Continuous approaches to measuring bilingualism have recently emerged as a means of understanding individual variation in language abilities. To date, limited information is available to assist in understanding the language abilities of bilingual children with Down syndrome (DS), who are specifically known to have a large variation in linguistic outcomes. Group studies in this population report that children exposed to two languages do not differ from their monolingual counterparts after considering age and non-verbal cognitive abilities, although no study to date has examined the relationship between the amount of exposure to one language and the linguistic abilities in the other language within this population...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this scoping review was to (a) summarize methodological characteristics of studies examining vocal characteristics of infants at high risk for neurological speech motor involvement and (b) report the state of the high-quality evidence on vocal characteristic trends of infants diagnosed or at high risk for cerebral palsy (CP). METHOD: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) extension for scoping reviews was followed for reporting our review...

PURPOSE: Understanding students' home literacy environments can help speech-language pathologists, teachers, and other educators partner with families to promote language and literacy learning. This study focused on gaining insight into the views of parents of elementary-age students with intellectual and developmental disabilities who had complex communication needs related to supporting children's language and literacy learning in the home. METHOD: This qualitative study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, when many schools were utilizing remote or hybrid learning arrangements...

Jimmy is a 13-year-old adolescent boy who was diagnosed with Down syndrome (trisomy 21) prenatally. Jimmy is the only individual with Down syndrome in the small, rural community where he lives with his parents. He has mild sleep apnea, and his gross and fine motor developmental milestones were generally consistent with those expected among children with Down syndrome. At age 4, his parents raised concerns about his limited language, strong preference to be alone, and refusal to leave the house. Parents had observed his marked startle response to loud laughter and adult male voices...

The purpose of this study is to analyze the Linguistic and Metalinguistic abilities of Persian-speaking individuals with Intellectual disorder to identify the areas and results of the research carried out in order to recognize their main linguistic features, the research gaps, and also guide future research. To this end, first, related keywords were searched and related topics were separated. Then, by reading the abstracts and, if necessary, the entire articles, the unrelated articles were removed. The articles were categorized and studied on linguistic and metalinguistic characters in four areas such as semantics, phonetics and phonology, morphology and syntax, and pragmatics...

Maria is an 8-year-old girl with Down syndrome, described by her mother as an affectionate and social child, who was referred to developmental-behavioral pediatrics by her pediatrician because of increasing aggressive behaviors and inattention.Maria was 5 pounds at birth, delivered full-term by cesarean section, and hospitalized for 1 month after delivery because of feeding issues that required a nasogastric (NG) tube. Maternal age was 24 years, pregnancy was uncomplicated, and there were no reported prenatal exposures to substances...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of sentence length on intelligibility in two groups of older children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. METHOD: Nine children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) and eight children diagnosed with Down syndrome (DS), between the ages of 8 and 17 years, repeated sentences varying in length from two to seven words. Three hundred forty adult listeners (20 listeners per child) provided orthographic transcriptions of children's speech, which were used to calculate intelligibility scores...

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to (1) characterize the home-literacy environments (HLE) of toddlers with Down syndrome (DS) and (2) examine if richness of the HLE, child engagement during shared storybook reading activities, quality of a caregiver-child shared storybook reading activity, and exposure to language in the home environment predicted child receptive vocabulary concurrently (Time 1) and 6 months later (Time 2). METHODS: Participants were toddlers with DS ( n = 13 at Time 1, 11-29 months of age; n = 10 at Time 2) and their mothers...

INTRODUCTION: Early social strengths likely serve as a foundation for language acquisition for young children with Down syndrome (DS). One way to characterize early social skills is to examine a child's engagement with a caregiver around an object of interest. The current study examines joint engagement in young children with DS and its relation to language abilities at two-time points in early development. METHODS: Participants were 16 young children with DS and their mothers...

BACKGROUND: With the COVID-19 pandemic, there was an increase and scaling up of provider-to-provider telemedicine programs that connect frontline health providers such as nurses and community health workers at primary care clinics with remote doctors at tertiary facilities to facilitate consultations for rural patients. Considering this new trend of increasing use of telemedicine, this study was conducted to generate evidence for patients, health providers, and policymakers to compare if provider-to-provider telemedicine-based care is equivalent to in-person care and is safe and acceptable in terms of diagnostic and treatment standards...

OBJECTIVES: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent among individuals with Down syndrome (DS), and the nonphysiological consequences of OSA require examination to inform treatment planning. This study aimed to investigate the association between OSA and aspects of language, executive functioning, behavioral, social abilities, and sleep problems in youth with DS aged 6 to 17 years. METHODS: Multivariate analysis of covariance was used to compare 3 groups adjusted for age, participants with DS with untreated OSA (n = 28), participants with DS without OSA (n = 38), and participants with DS with treated OSA (n = 34)...

A rapid increase in the reach and breadth of prenatal genetic screening and testing has led to an expanding need for prenatal support of families receiving this genetic information. As part of a larger study investigating prenatal preparation for a child with a genetic condition, we interviewed representatives of patient advocacy groups (PAGs) who support parents post-diagnosis. Groups supporting families with Down syndrome were often local or regional, while other groups were often national or international in scope...

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to produce a new parent-report measure, the Diagnostic Receptive Expressive Assessment of Mandarin-Infant Toddler Assessment of Communication and Language (DREAM-IT) in order to provide norms for the developmental skills of children aged 0-36 months in four areas: expressive language, receptive language, cognitive play and social skills. METHODOLOGY: The scale was designed to be both broader and deeper than existing instruments that neglect one or more of these significant domains involved in early language...

PURPOSE: Measuring fidelity of implementation in parent-child interaction therapy (PCIT) involves assessing the training delivered by clinicians and how parents implement the techniques with their children. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of measuring fidelity of implementation for a PCIT intervention designed for young children with Down syndrome. METHOD: We applied a framework to measure dosage, adherence, quality, and participant responsiveness using a mixed methods approach with observational and interview data...