space-x

A composition spread alloy film (CSAF) spanning all of Ag x Pd1- x composition space, x Pd = 0 → 1, was used to study catalytic ethylene hydrogenation with and without the presence of O2 in the feed gas. High-throughput measurements of the ethylene hydrogenation activity of Ag x Pd1- x alloys were performed at 100 Pd compositions spanning x Pd = 0 → 1. The extent of ethylene hydrogenation was measured versus x Pd at reaction temperatures spanning T = 300 → 405 K and inlet hydrogen partial pressures spanning P H2 in = 70 → 690 Torr...

OBJECTIVES: This pilot study aimed to quantify the magnitude and type of tooth movement occurring in short time intervals within the regular monthly orthodontic visits for patients with fixed appliances and undergoing maxillary canine retraction. Additionally, this pilot study aimed to provide a descriptive evaluation for the accuracy and reliability of the Dental Monitoring (DM)-captured scans to those of an iTero digital scans in an extraction space closure model. SETTINGS AND SAMPLE POPULATION: 3D intraoral photographic scans (DM) for 12 patients with maxillary first premolar extractions in a single-centre academic institution...

The eXTP (enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarization) satellite is a prominent X-ray astronomy satellite designed primarily for conducting deep space X-ray astronomical observations. The satellite's scientific payload consists of X-ray focusing mirrors. In order to fulfill the requirements of weight reduction and enhanced effective area, the thickness of mirrors is reduced to the sub-millimeter range and a multi-layer nested structure is employed. Manufacturing mirrors poses a significant challenge to both their quality and efficiency...

We determine the <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>d</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math> dimensional topological field theory, which encodes the higher-form symmetries and their 't Hooft anomalies for d -dimensional QFTs obtained by compactifying M-theory on a non-compact space X . The resulting theory, which we call the Symmetry TFT, or SymTFT for short, is derived by reducing the topological sector of 11d supergravity on the boundary <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

Formation of inhomogeneous (in the form of a "coffee ring") or homogeneous deposits accompanies the drying of a particle-laden drop. Invariably, this deposition occurs in a two-dimensional (2D) space ( x , y plane) (and might have a finite thickness in z ), where the evaporating drop is positioned. Here, we show an interesting extension of this problem: we demonstrate the occurrence of evaporation-mediated particle deposits that span three dimensions ( x , y , and z ). The extent of the span in this 3rd dimension ( z ) is comparable to the span in x and y and hence is much larger than the finite thickness (in z ) of the 2D deposits...

In this short review we highlight the importance and the capabilities of composition spread alloy films (CSAFs) for the high-throughput study and comprehensive understanding of corrosion passivation in multicomponent alloys, A x B y C1- x - y , spanning composition space, x ∈ [0, 1] and y ∈ [0, 1 - x ]. After first establishing the mechanistic issues associated with corrosion, and the problems arising from the corrosion of metals, we establish the need for further studying and understanding the mechanisms of alloy corrosion and corrosion passivation...

We present a general adaptive latent space tuning approach for improving the robustness of machine learning tools with respect to time variation and distribution shift. We demonstrate our approach by developing an encoder-decoder convolutional neural network-based virtual 6D phase space diagnostic of charged particle beams in the HiRES ultrafast electron diffraction (UED) compact particle accelerator with uncertainty quantification. Our method utilizes model-independent adaptive feedback to tune a low-dimensional 2D latent space representation of ∼1 million dimensional objects which are the 15 unique 2D projections (x,y),...

Micro-pore optics (MPO) has been employed in space x-ray telescopes for large field-of-view observations. For x-ray focal plane detectors with visible photon sensing capability, the optical blocking filter (OBF) on MPO devices is critical for preventing signal contamination by those photons. In this work, we designed a piece of equipment to measure the light transmission with high accuracy. The transmittance test results of the MPO plates meet the design requirements of less than 5×10-4 . Based on the multilayer homogeneous film matrix method, we estimated possible combinations of film thicknesses (with alumina) that show a good agreement with the OBF design...

The goal of the present study was to characterize acute oxidative damage in ocular structure and retinal function after exposure to spaceflight, and to evaluate the efficacy of an antioxidant in reducing spaceflight-induced changes in the retina. Ten-week-old adult C57BL/6 male mice were flown aboard the ISS on Space-X 24 over 35 days, and returned to Earth alive. The mice received a weekly injection of a superoxide dismutase mimic, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP 5+ (BuOE), before launch and during their stay onboard the ISS...

The separation in liquid chromatography is defined either by the space domain where it proceeds until the least retained analyte reaches the outlet of the column or by the time when individual analytes elute out of the column. These two approaches lead to the four possible combinations of two-dimensional liquid chromatography with online space x time coupling being the least experimentally feasible. Here, we show the development of a novel two-dimensional liquid chromatography method combining separation defined by space and the conventional elution-based separation...

RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESIS: Advancements in technology, human adaptability, and funding have increased space exploration and in turn commercial spaceflight. Corporations such as Space X and Blue Origin are exploring methods to make space tourism possible. This could lead to an increase in the number of patients presenting with neurological diseases associated with spaceflight. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of spaceflight stressors is required to manage neurological disease in high-risk individuals...

Skyrmions have been well studied in chiral magnets and magnetic thin films due to their potential application in practical devices. Recently, monochiral skyrmions have been observed in two-dimensional van der Waals magnets. Their atomically flat surfaces and capability to be stacked into heterostructures offer new prospects for skyrmion applications. However, the controlled local nucleation of skyrmions within these materials has yet to be realized. Here, we utilize real-space X-ray microscopy to investigate a heterostructure composed of the 2D ferromagnet Fe3 GeTe2 (FGT), an insulating hexagonal boron nitride layer, and a graphite top electrode...

PURPOSE: The aim of this network meta-analysis is to evaluate the accuracy of various face-scanning technologies in the market, with respect to the different dimensions of space (x, y, and z axes). Furthermore, attention will be paid to the type of technologies currently used and to the best practices for high-quality scan acquisition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and its updates. A thorough search was performed using the digital databases MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials by entering research lines or various combinations of free words...

The development of new modes at x-ray free electron lasers has inspired novel methods for studying fluctuations at different energies and timescales. For closely spaced x-ray pulses that can be varied on ultrafast time scales, we have constructed a pair of advanced instruments to conduct studies targeting quantum materials. We first describe a prototype instrument built to test the proof-of-principle of resonant magnetic scattering using ultrafast pulse pairs. This is followed by a description of a new endstation, the so-called fluctuation-dissipation measurement instrument, which was used to carry out studies with a fast area detector...

We survey recent work, published since 2015, on equivariant Oka theory. The main results described in the survey are as follows. Homotopy principles for equivariant isomorphisms of Stein manifolds on which a reductive complex Lie group G acts. Applications to the linearisation problem. A parametric Oka principle for sections of a bundle E of homogeneous spaces for a group bundle <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>G</mml:mi></mml:math> , all over a reduced Stein space X with compatible actions of a reductive complex group on E , <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

As an extension of Gabor signal processing, the covariant Weyl-Heisenberg integral quantization is implemented to transform functions on the eight-dimensional phase space x,k into Hilbertian operators. The x=xμ values are space-time variables, and the k=kμ values are their conjugate frequency-wave vector variables. The procedure is first applied to the variables x,k and produces essentially canonically conjugate self-adjoint operators. It is next applied to the metric field gμν(x) of general relativity and yields regularized semi-classical phase space portraits gˇμν(x)...

As NASA and other space agencies make plans to proceed with human exploration missions beyond low earth orbit (LEO), the private sector, including Space X, Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, Space Adventures and others, echo these plans with initiatives of their own to send humans further into space. Development of more sub-orbital flight opportunities, orbital flight opportunities to LEO and even higher risk endeavors will certainly result in exposure to medical risks for an expanding and heterogeneous population of civilians...

In this paper, parametrized motion planning algorithms for a fiberwise space <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> over a poset P are studied. Such an algorithm assigns paths in a space X decomposed into subspaces with the index set P , that do not cross the boundaries of the separated regions. We compute the parametrized topological complexity of <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www...

A compact space X is said to be minimal if there exists a map <mml:math xmlns:mml="https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>f</mml:mi> <mml:mo>:</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi> <mml:mo>→</mml:mo> <mml:mi>X</mml:mi></mml:mrow> </mml:math> such that the forward orbit of any point is dense in X . We consider rigid minimal spaces, motivated by recent results of Downarowicz, Snoha and Tywoniuk (J Dyn Differ Equ, 29:243-257, 2017) on spaces with cyclic group of homeomorphisms generated by a minimal homeomorphism, and results of the first author, Clark and Oprocha (Adv Math, 335:261-275, 2018) on spaces in which the square of every homeomorphism is a power of the same minimal homeomorphism...

The growth and development of plants during spaceflight have important implications for both basic and applied research supported by NASA and other international space agencies. While there have been many reviews of plant space biology, this chapter attempts to fill a gap in the literature on the actual process and methods of performing plant research in the spaceflight environment. One of the authors (JZK) has been a principal investigator on eight spaceflight projects. These experiences include using the U...