keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543952/self-amplifying-rna-a-second-revolution-of-mrna-vaccines-against-covid-19
#1
REVIEW
Noelia Silva-Pilipich, Uxue Beloki, Laura Salaberry, Cristian Smerdou
SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causative agent of COVID-19, has produced the largest pandemic in the 21st century, becoming a very serious health problem worldwide. To prevent COVID-19 disease and infection, a large number of vaccines have been developed and approved in record time, including new vaccines based on mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles. While mRNA-based vaccines have proven to be safe and effective, they are more expensive to produce compared to conventional vaccines. A special type of mRNA vaccine is based on self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) derived from the genome of RNA viruses, mainly alphaviruses...
March 17, 2024: Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38543793/single-dose-immunogenic-dna-vaccines-coding-for-live-attenuated-alpha-and-flaviviruses
#2
REVIEW
Peter Pushko, Igor S Lukashevich, Dylan M Johnson, Irina Tretyakova
Single-dose, immunogenic DNA (iDNA) vaccines coding for whole live-attenuated viruses are reviewed. This platform, sometimes called immunization DNA, has been used for vaccine development for flavi- and alphaviruses. An iDNA vaccine uses plasmid DNA to launch live-attenuated virus vaccines in vitro or in vivo. When iDNA is injected into mammalian cells in vitro or in vivo, the RNA genome of an attenuated virus is transcribed, which starts replication of a defined, live-attenuated vaccine virus in cell culture or the cells of a vaccine recipient...
March 10, 2024: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525304/cryogenic-electron-microscopy-and-tomography-reveal-imperfect-icosahedral-symmetry-in-alphaviruses
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David Chmielewski, Guan-Chin Su, Jason T Kaelber, Grigore D Pintilie, Muyuan Chen, Jing Jin, Albert J Auguste, Wah Chiu
Alphaviruses are spherical, enveloped RNA viruses with two-layered icosahedral architecture. The structures of many alphaviruses have been studied using cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstructions, which impose icosahedral symmetry on the viral particles. Using cryogenic electron tomography (cryo-ET), we revealed a polarized symmetry defect in the icosahedral lattice of Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in situ, similar to the late budding particles, suggesting the inherent imperfect symmetry originates from the final pinch-off of assembled virions...
March 2024: PNAS Nexus
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38515753/effect-of-pancreas-disease-vaccines-on-infection-levels-and-virus-transmission-in-atlantic-salmon-salmo-salar-challenged-with-salmonid-alphavirus-genotype-2
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ragnar Thorarinsson, Anne Ramstad, Jeffrey C Wolf, Hilde Sindre, Eystein Skjerve, Espen Rimstad, Øystein Evensen, Jose F Rodriguez
Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes pancreas disease (PD), which negatively impacts farmed Atlantic salmon. In this study, fish were vaccinated with a DNA-PD vaccine (DNA-PD) and an oil-adjuvanted, inactivated whole virus PD vaccine (Oil-PD). Controls were two non-PD vaccinated groups. Fish were kept in one tank and challenged by cohabitation with SAV genotype 2 in seawater. Protection against infection and mortality was assessed for 84 days (Efficacy study). Nineteen days post challenge (dpc), subgroups of fish from all treatment groups were transferred to separate tanks and cohabited with naïve fish (Transmission study 1) or fish vaccinated with a homologous vaccine (Transmission study 2), to evaluate virus transmission for 26 days (47 dpc)...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494412/safety-and-immunogenicity-of-a-novel-trivalent-recombinant-mva-based-equine-encephalitis-virus-vaccine-a-phase-1-clinical-trial
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carlos Fierro, Heinz Weidenthaler, Sanja Vidojkovic, Darja Schmidt, Zarina Gafoor, Daria Stroukova, Susan Zwiers, Jutta Müller, Ariane Volkmann
BACKGROUND: Three encephalitic alphaviruses-western, eastern, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus (WEEV, EEEV and VEEV)-can cause severe disease and have the potential to be used as biological weapons. There are no approved vaccines for human use. A novel multivalent MVA-BN-WEV vaccine encodes the envelope surface proteins of the 3 viruses and is thereby potentially able to protect against them all, as previously demonstrated in animal models. This first-in-human study assessed the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of MVA-BN-WEV vaccine in healthy adult participants...
March 16, 2024: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38490381/getah-virus-capsid-protein-undergoes-co-condensation-with-viral-genomic-rna-to-facilitate-virion-assembly
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhenzhao Sun, Ming Wang, Wenmeng Wang, Dangdang Li, Jingfei Wang, Guangchao Sui
Getah virus (GETV) belongs to the Alphavirus genus in the Togaviridae family and is a zoonotic arbovirus causing disease in both humans and animals. The capsid protein (CP) of GETV regulates the viral core assembly, but the mechanism underlying this process is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate that CP undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) with the GETV genome RNA (gRNA) in vitro and forms cytoplasmic puncta in cells. Two regions of GETV gRNA (nucleotides 1-4000 and 5000-8000) enhance CP droplet formation in vitro and the lysine-rich Link region of CP is essential for its phase separation...
March 13, 2024: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489505/assessment-of-mayaro-virus-vector-competence-of-the-mosquito-aedes-aegypti-linnaeus-1762-populations-in-argentine-using-dose-response-assays
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mauricio Daniel Beranek, Octavio Giayetto, Sylvia Fischer, Adrián Diaz
Mayaro virus (MAYV; Alphavirus: Togaviridae) is an emerging pathogen in Latin America, causing fever and polyarthritis. Sporadic outbreaks of MAYV have occurred in the region, with reported human cases being imported to Europe and North America. Although primarily a risk for those residing in the Amazon basin's tropical forests, recent reports highlight that urbanization would increase the risk of MAYV transmission in Latin America. Urban emergence depends on human susceptibility and the ability of mosquitos like Aedes aegypti  (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) to transmit MAYV...
March 15, 2024: Medical and Veterinary Entomology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38484018/cryptic-circulation-of-chikungunya-virus-in-s%C3%A3-o-jose-do-rio-preto-brazil-2015-2019
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathalia Zini, Matheus Henrique Tavares Ávila, Natalia Morbi Cezarotti, Maisa Carla Pereira Parra, Cecília Artico Banho, Livia Sacchetto, Andreia Francesli Negri, Emerson Araújo, Cintia Bittar, Bruno Henrique Gonçalves de Aguiar Milhin, Victor Miranda Hernandes, Karina Rocha Dutra, Leonardo Agopian Trigo, Leonardo Cecílio da Rocha, Rafael Alves da Silva, Gislaine Celestino Dutra da Silva, Tamires Fernanda Pereira Dos Santos, Beatriz de Carvalho Marques, Andresa Lopes Dos Santos, Marcos Tayar Augusto, Natalia Franco Bueno Mistrão, Milene Rocha Ribeiro, Tauyne Menegaldo Pinheiro, Thayza Maria Izabel Lopes Dos Santos, Clarita Maria Secco Avilla, Victoria Bernardi, Caroline Freitas, Flora de Andrade Gandolfi, Hélio Correa Ferraz Júnior, Gabriela Camilotti Perim, Mirella Cezare Gomes, Pedro Henrique Carrilho Garcia, Rodrigo Sborghi Rocha, Tayna Manfrin Galvão, Eliane Aparecida Fávaro, Samuel Noah Scamardi, Karen Sanmartin Rogovski, Renan Luiz Peixoto, Luiza Benfatti, Leonardo Teixeira Cruz, Paula Patricia de Freitas Chama, Mânlio Tasso Oliveira, Aripuanã Sakurada Aranha Watanabe, Ana Carolina Bernardes Terzian, Alice de Freitas Versiani, Margareth Regina Dibo, Francisco Chiaravalotti-Neto, Scott Cameron Weaver, Cassia Fernanda Estofolete, Nikos Vasilakis, Mauricio Lacerda Nogueira
BACKGROUND: Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has spread across Brazil with varying incidence rates depending on the affected areas. Due to cocirculation of arboviruses and overlapping disease symptoms, CHIKV infection may be underdiagnosed. To understand the lack of CHIKV epidemics in São José do Rio Preto (SJdRP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil, we evaluated viral circulation by investigating anti-CHIKV IgG seroconversion in a prospective study of asymptomatic individuals and detecting anti-CHIKV IgM in individuals suspected of dengue infection, as well as CHIKV presence in Aedes mosquitoes...
March 14, 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38483968/chikungunya-virus-infection-disrupts-mhc-i-antigen-presentation-via-nonstructural-protein-2
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian C Ware, M Guston Parks, Mariana O L da Silva, Thomas E Morrison
Infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), a mosquito-borne alphavirus, causes severe polyarthralgia and polymyalgia, which can last in some people for months to years. Chronic CHIKV disease signs and symptoms are associated with the persistence of viral nucleic acid and antigen in tissues. Like humans and nonhuman primates, CHIKV infection in mice results in the development of robust adaptive antiviral immune responses. Despite this, joint tissue fibroblasts survive CHIKV infection and can support persistent viral replication, suggesting that they escape immune surveillance...
March 14, 2024: PLoS Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479396/pathophysiology-of-chikungunya-virus-infection-associated-with-fatal-outcomes
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
William M de Souza, Marcilio J Fumagalli, Shirlene T S de Lima, Pierina L Parise, Deyse C M Carvalho, Cristian Hernandez, Ronaldo de Jesus, Jeany Delafiori, Darlan S Candido, Victor C Carregari, Stefanie P Muraro, Gabriela F Souza, Leda M Simões Mello, Ingra M Claro, Yamilka Díaz, Rodrigo B Kato, Lucas N Trentin, Clauber H S Costa, Ana Carolina B M Maximo, Karene F Cavalcante, Tayna S Fiuza, Vânia A F Viana, Maria Elisabeth L Melo, Clarissa P M Ferraz, Débora B Silva, Larissa M F Duarte, Priscilla P Barbosa, Mariene R Amorim, Carla C Judice, Daniel A Toledo-Teixeira, Mariana S Ramundo, Patricia V Aguilar, Emerson L L Araújo, Fabio T M Costa, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Ricardo Khouri, Viviane S Boaventura, Luiz Tadeu M Figueiredo, Rong Fang, Brechla Moreno, Sandra López-Vergès, Liana Perdigão Mello, Munir S Skaf, Rodrigo R Catharino, Fabiana Granja, Daniel Martins-de-Souza, Jessica A Plante, Kenneth S Plante, Ester C Sabino, Michael S Diamond, Eliseo Eugenin, José Luiz Proença-Módena, Nuno R Faria, Scott C Weaver
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-borne alphavirus that causes acute, subacute, and chronic human arthritogenic diseases and, in rare instances, can lead to neurological complications and death. Here, we combined epidemiological, virological, histopathological, cytokine, molecular dynamics, metabolomic, proteomic, and genomic analyses to investigate viral and host factors that contribute to chikungunya-associated (CHIK) death. Our results indicate that CHIK deaths are associated with multi-organ infection, central nervous system damage, and elevated serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared with survivors...
March 8, 2024: Cell Host & Microbe
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472211/enhanced-attenuation-of-chikungunya-vaccines-expressing-antiviral-cytokines
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christina Chuong, Chelsea N Cereghino, Pallavi Rai, Tyler A Bates, Megan Oberer, James Weger-Lucarelli
Alphaviruses are vector-borne, medically relevant, positive-stranded RNA viruses that cause disease in animals and humans worldwide. Of this group, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is the most significant human pathogen, responsible for generating millions of infections leading to severe febrile illness and debilitating chronic joint pain. Currently, there are limited treatments to protect against alphavirus disease; thus, there is a tremendous need to generate safe and effective vaccines. Live-attenuated vaccines (LAVs) are cost-effective and potent immunization strategies capable of generating long-term protection in a single dose...
March 12, 2024: NPJ Vaccines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38446669/ly6c-monocytes-in-the-skin-promote-systemic-alphavirus-dissemination
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Autumn C Holmes, Cormac J Lucas, Morgan E Brisse, Brian C Ware, Heather D Hickman, Thomas E Morrison, Michael S Diamond
Alphaviruses are mosquito-transmitted pathogens that induce high levels of viremia, which facilitates dissemination and vector transmission. One prevailing paradigm is that, after skin inoculation, alphavirus-infected resident dendritic cells migrate to the draining lymph node (DLN), facilitating further rounds of infection and dissemination. Here, we assess the contribution of infiltrating myeloid cells to alphavirus spread. We observe two phases of virus transport to the DLN, one that occurs starting at 1 h post infection and precedes viral replication, and a second that requires replication in the skin, enabling transit to the bloodstream...
March 5, 2024: Cell Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435698/a-role-for-tunneling-nanotubes-in-virus-spread
#13
REVIEW
Weimiao Lv, Zichen Li, Shule Wang, Jingyi He, Leiliang Zhang
Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are actin-rich intercellular conduits that mediate distant cell-to-cell communication and enable the transfer of various cargos, including proteins, organelles, and virions. They play vital roles in both physiological and pathological processes. In this review, we focus on TNTs in different types of viruses, including retroviruses such as HIV, HTLV, influenza A, herpesvirus, paramyxovirus, alphavirus and SARS-CoV-2. We summarize the viral proteins responsible for inducing TNT formation and explore how these virus-induced TNTs facilitate intercellular communication, thereby promoting viral spread...
2024: Frontiers in Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38425844/oncolytic-alphavirus-replicons-mediated-recruitment-and-activation-of-t%C3%A2-cells
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Darshak K Bhatt, Saskia L Meuleman, Baukje Nynke Hoogeboom, Toos Daemen
Oncolytic viruses show promise in enhancing tumor immunogenicity by releasing immunogenic signals during tumor cell infection and lysis. In this study, we improved the virus-induced tumor immunogenicity of recombinant Semliki Forest virus (rSFV)-based replicon particles by encoding immunogenic cytokines such as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3L), or interferon-gamma (IFN-ƴ). Real-time imaging and flow cytometry of human cancer cell-based monolayer and spheroid cultures, using LNCaP or PANC-1 cells, revealed effective infection and transgene expression in both models...
March 15, 2024: IScience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38421278/immunogenicity-safety-and-duration-of-protection-afforded-by-chikungunya-virus-vaccines-undergoing-human-clinical-trials
#15
REVIEW
Shambhavi Rao, Daniel Erku, Suresh Mahalingam, Adam Taylor
Background. Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) causes chikungunya fever and has been responsible for major global epidemics of arthritic disease over the past two decades. Multiple CHIKV vaccine candidates are currently undergoing or have undergone human clinical trials, with one vaccine candidate receiving FDA approval. This scoping review was performed to evaluate the 'efficacy', 'safety' and 'duration of protection' provided by CHIKV vaccine candidates in human clinical trials. Methods. This scoping literature review addresses studies involving CHIKV vaccine clinical trials using available literature on the PubMed, Medline Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinicaltrial...
February 2024: Journal of General Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38407992/vaccine-value-profile-for-chikungunya
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ximena Flandes, Clairissa A Hansen, Sunil Palani, Kaja Abbas, Cate Bennett, William Perea Caro, Raymond Hutubessy, Kanat Khazhidinov, Philipp Lambach, Clara Maure, Caroline Marshall, Diana P Rojas, Alexander Rosewell, Sushant Sahastrabuddhe, Marta Tufet, Annelies Wilder-Smith, David W C Beasley, Nigel Bourne, Alan D T Barrett
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) a mosquito-borne alphavirus is the causative agent of Chikungunya (CHIK), a disease with low mortality but high acute and chronic morbidity resulting in a high overall burden of disease. After the acute disease phase, chronic disease including persistent arthralgia is very common, and can cause fatigue and pain that is severe enough to limit normal activities. On average, around 40% of people infected with CHIKV will develop chronic arthritis, which may last for months or years. Recommendations for protection from CHIKV focus on infection control through preventing mosquito proliferation...
November 7, 2023: Vaccine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38404807/surveillance-of-culex-spp-vectors-and-zoonotic-arboviruses-at-a-zoo-in-the-united-kingdom
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Arturo Hernandez-Colina, Nicola Seechurn, Taiana Costa, Javier Lopez, Matthew Baylis, Jenny C Hesson
The emergence of several zoonotic mosquito-borne pathogens in Europe, including West Nile virus, Sindbis virus and Usutu virus, has emphasised the importance of consistent surveillance. Considerable fieldwork effort is usually needed to detect low-prevalence pathogens in mosquitoes and screening vertebrate hosts and reservoirs is rarely done simultaneously with mosquito sampling. Zoological gardens offer an opportunity for the surveillance of pathogens, mosquitoes, hosts, and reservoirs concurrently; thus, the aim of this study was undertaking integrated surveillance for mosquito-borne pathogens of wild birds and mosquitoes in Chester Zoo (Cheshire) in the United Kingdom...
February 29, 2024: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38399981/translational-control-of-alphavirus-host-interactions-implications-in-viral-evolution-tropism-and-antiviral-response
#18
REVIEW
Iván Ventoso, Juan José Berlanga, René Toribio, Irene Díaz-López
Alphaviruses can replicate in arthropods and in many vertebrate species including humankind, but only in vertebrate cells do infections with these viruses result in a strong inhibition of host translation and transcription. Translation shutoff by alphaviruses is a multifactorial process that involves both host- and virus-induced mechanisms, and some of them are not completely understood. Alphavirus genomes contain cis-acting elements (RNA structures and dinucleotide composition) and encode protein activities that promote the translational and transcriptional resistance to type I IFN-induced antiviral effectors...
January 30, 2024: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38393630/recent-advances-in-the-role-of-different-nanoparticles-in-the-various-biosensors-for-the-detection-of-the-chikungunya-virus
#19
REVIEW
Seyed Abbas Shahrtash, Zahraa Sabah Ghnim, Mohammad Ghaheri, Javid Adabi, Mohammad Amir Hassanzadeh, Saman Yasamineh, Hamed Afkhami, Amir Hossein Kheirkhah, Omid Gholizadeh, Hesam Zendehdel Moghadam
Humans contract the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes that induces acute and chronic musculoskeletal discomfort and fever. Millions of cases of the disease have been attributed to CHIKV in the Indian Ocean region since 2004, and the virus has since spread to Europe, the Middle East, and the Pacific. The exponential proliferation of CHIKV in recent times underscores the critical nature of implementing preventative measures and exploring potential control strategies. The principal laboratory test employed to diagnose infection in serum samples collected over six days after the onset of symptoms is the detection of CHIKV or viral RNA...
February 23, 2024: Molecular Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38382314/single-dose-dual-antigen-rna-vaccines-protect-against-lethal-crimean-congo-haemorrhagic-fever-virus-infection-in-mice
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shanna S Leventhal, Kimberly Meade-White, Carl Shaia, Thomas Tipih, Mathew Lewis, Evan A Mihalakakos, Troy Hinkley, Amit P Khandhar, Jesse H Erasmus, Heinz Feldmann, David W Hawman
BACKGROUND: Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus is a tick-borne bunyavirus prevalent across Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Europe. The virus causes a non-specific febrile illness which may develop into severe haemorrhagic disease. To date, there are no widely approved therapeutics. Recently, we reported an alphavirus-based replicon RNA vaccine which expresses the CCHFV nucleoprotein (repNP) or glycoprotein precursor (repGPC) and is protective against lethal disease in mice. METHODS: Here, we evaluated engineered GPC constructs to find the minimal enhancing epitope of repGPC and test two RNA vaccine approaches to express multiple antigens in vivo to optimize protective efficacy of our repRNA...
February 20, 2024: EBioMedicine
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