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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lian Sun, Xin-Ming Wang, Qianhui Tang, Yao Xiao, Jin-Bu Xu, Tong-Tong Zhang, Yan-Jun Liu, Xiaohuan Li, Feng Gao
The first systematic acylated diversification of naturally scarce premyrsinane diterpenes, together with their biosynthetic precursors lathyrane diterpene were carried out. Two new series of premyrsinane derivates (1a-32a) and lathyrane derivates (1-32) were synthesized from the naturally abundant lathyrane diterpene Euphorbia factor L3 through a bioinspired approach. The cholinesterase inhibitory and neuroprotective activities of these diterpenes were investigated to explore potential anti-Alzheimer's disease (AD) bioactive lead compounds...
April 15, 2024: Bioorganic Chemistry
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gilles Didier, Michel Laurin
In the last decade, the Fossilized Birth-Death (FBD) process has yielded interesting clues about the evolution of biodiversity through time. To facilitate such studies, we extend our method to compute the probability density of phylogenetic trees of extant and extinct taxa in which the only temporal information is provided by the fossil ages (i.e. without the divergence times) in order to deal with the piecewise constant FBD process, known as the "skyline FBD", which allows rates to change between pre-defined time intervals, as well as modelling extinction events at the bounds of these intervals...
April 23, 2024: Cladistics
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Travis Park, Gustavo Burin, Daniela Lazo-Cancino, Joseph Pierce Gary Rees, James Rule, Graham Slater, Natalie Cooper
Pinnipeds (seals, sea lions, walruses, and their fossil relatives) are one of the most successful mammalian clades to live in the oceans. Despite a well-resolved molecular phylogeny and a global fossil record, a complete understanding of their macroevolutionary dynamics remains hampered by a lack of formal analyses that combine these two rich sources of information. We used a meta-analytic approach to infer the most densely sampled pinniped phylogeny to-date (36 recent and 93 fossil taxa) and used phylogenetic paleobiological methods to study their diversification dynamics and biogeographic history...
April 22, 2024: Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roman Kogay, Yuri I Wolf, Eugene V Koonin
Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is a fundamental process in prokaryotic evolution, contributing significantly to diversification and adaptation. HGT is typically facilitated by mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as conjugative plasmids and phages, which often impose fitness costs on their hosts. However, a considerable number of bacterial genes are involved in defence mechanisms that limit the propagation of MGEs, suggesting they may actively restrict HGT. In our study, we investigated whether defence systems limit HGT by examining the relationship between the HGT rate and the presence of 73 defence systems across 12 bacterial species...
April 2024: Environmental Microbiology
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elena G Novoselova, Sergey M Lunin, Maxim O Khrenov, Olga V Glushkova, Tatyana V Novoselova, Svetlana B Parfenyuk
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) develop due to dysfunction of the Langerhans islet β-cells in the pancreas, and this dysfunction is mediated by oxidative, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and mitochondrial stresses. Although the two types of diabetes are significantly different, β-cell failure and death play a key role in the pathogenesis of both diseases, resulting in hyperglycemia due to a reduced ability to produce insulin. In T1D, β-cell apoptosis is the main event leading to hyperglycemia, while in T2D, insulin resistance results in an inability to meet insulin requirements...
April 17, 2024: Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xudong Tang, Leonardo Zepeda-Nuñez, Shengwen Yang, Zelin Zhao, Claudia Solís-Lemus
MOTIVATION: Scientists world-wide are putting together massive efforts to understand how the biodiversity that we see on Earth evolved from single-cell organisms at the origin of life and this diversification process is represented through the Tree of Life. Low sampling rates and high heterogeneity in the rate of evolution across sites and lineages produce a phenomenon denoted "long branch attraction" (LBA) in which long nonsister lineages are estimated to be sisters regardless of their true evolutionary relationship...
2024: Bioinform Adv
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter C Searle, Dennis K Shiozawa, R Paul Evans, Jonathon T Hill, Arminda Suli, Michael R Stark, Mark C Belk
Heterochrony-alteration to the rate or timing of development-is an important mechanism of trait differentiation associated with speciation. Heterochrony may explain the morphological divergence between two polyploid species, June sucker ( Chasmistes liorus ) and Utah sucker ( Catostomus ardens ). The larvae of both species have terminal mouths; however, as adults, June sucker and Utah sucker develop subterminal and ventral mouths, respectively. We document a difference in the timing of shape development and a corresponding change in the timing of gene expression, suggesting the distinctive mouth morphology in June suckers may result from paedomorphosis...
April 19, 2024: IScience
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mario Torralba Sáez, Michael Hofreiter, Nicolas Straube
Among vertebrates, sharks exhibit both large and heterogeneous genome sizes ranging from 2.86 to 17.05 pg. Aiming for a better understanding of the patterns and causalities of shark genome size evolution, we applied phylogenetic comparative methods to published genome-size estimates for 71 species representing the main phylogenetic lineages, life-histories and ecological traits. The sixfold range of genome size variation was strongly traceable throughout the phylogeny, with a major expansion preceding shark diversification during the late Paleozoic and an ancestral state (6...
April 17, 2024: Scientific Reports
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hannah Augustijnen, Livio Bätscher, Martin Cesanek, Tinatin Chkhartishvili, Vlad Dincă, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Kota Ogawa, Roger Vila, Seraina Klopfstein, Jurriaan M de Vos, Kay Lucek
The impact of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusions and fissions, on speciation is a long-standing conundrum. We assessed whether bursts of change in chromosome numbers resulting from chromosomal fusion or fission are related to increased speciation rates in Erebia , one of the most species-rich and karyotypically variable butterfly groups. We established a genome-based phylogeny and used state-dependent birth-death models to infer trajectories of karyotype evolution. We demonstrated that rates of anagenetic chromosomal changes (i...
April 19, 2024: Science Advances
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Raheyma Siddiqui, Samantha Swank, Allison Ozark, Franklin Joaquin, Matthew P Travis, Caleb D McMahan, Michael A Bell, Yoel E Stuart
Darwin attributed the absence of species transitions in the fossil record to his hypothesis that speciation occurs within isolated habitat patches too geographically restricted to be captured by fossil sequences. Mayr's peripatric speciation model added that such speciation would be rapid, further explaining missing evidence of diversification. Indeed, Eldredge and Gould's original punctuated equilibrium model combined Darwin's conjecture, Mayr's model and 124 years of unsuccessfully sampling the fossil record for transitions...
April 30, 2024: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zachary M Bailey, Claudia Igler, Carolin C Wendling
Prophages, viral sequences integrated into bacterial genomes, can be beneficial and costly. Despite the risk of prophage activation and subsequent bacterial death, active prophages are present in most bacterial genomes. However, our understanding of the selective forces that maintain prophages in bacterial populations is limited. Combining experimental evolution with stochastic modeling, we show that prophage maintenance and loss are primarily determined by environmental conditions that alter the net fitness effect of a prophage on its bacterial host...
April 5, 2024: Current Biology: CB
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Justine Coïs, Sylvestre P J T Bachollet, Louis Sanchez, Nicolas Pietrancosta, Vincent Vialou, Jean-Maurice Mallet, Blaise Dumat
The combination of fluorogenic probes (fluorogens) and self-labeling protein tags represent a promising tool for imaging biological processes with high specificity but it requires the adequation between the fluorogen and its target to ensure a good activation of its fluorescence. In this work, we report a strategy to develop molecular rotors that specifically target HaloTag with a strong enhancement of their fluorescence. The divergent design facilitates the diversification of the structures to tune the photophysical and cellular properties...
April 4, 2024: Chemistry: a European Journal
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Josefin Stiller, Shaohong Feng, Al-Aabid Chowdhury, Iker Rivas-González, David A Duchêne, Qi Fang, Yuan Deng, Alexey Kozlov, Alexandros Stamatakis, Santiago Claramunt, Jacqueline M T Nguyen, Simon Y W Ho, Brant C Faircloth, Julia Haag, Peter Houde, Joel Cracraft, Metin Balaban, Uyen Mai, Guangji Chen, Rongsheng Gao, Chengran Zhou, Yulong Xie, Zijian Huang, Zhen Cao, Zhi Yan, Huw A Ogilvie, Luay Nakhleh, Bent Lindow, Benoit Morel, Jon Fjeldså, Peter A Hosner, Rute R da Fonseca, Bent Petersen, Joseph A Tobias, Tamás Székely, Jonathan David Kennedy, Andrew Hart Reeve, Andras Liker, Martin Stervander, Agostinho Antunes, Dieter Thomas Tietze, Mads Bertelsen, Fumin Lei, Carsten Rahbek, Gary R Graves, Mikkel H Schierup, Tandy Warnow, Edward L Braun, M Thomas P Gilbert, Erich D Jarvis, Siavash Mirarab, Guojie Zhang
Despite tremendous efforts in the past decades, relationships among main avian lineages remain heavily debated without a clear resolution. Discrepancies have been attributed to diversity of species sampled, phylogenetic method, and the choice of genomic regions 1-3 . Here, we address these issues by analyzing genomes of 363 bird species 4 (218 taxonomic families, 92% of total). Using intergenic regions and coalescent methods, we present a well-supported tree but also a remarkable degree of discordance. The tree confirms that Neoaves experienced rapid radiation at or near the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) boundary...
April 1, 2024: Nature
#14
REVIEW
Ana M Bedoya
Decades of empirical research have revealed how the geological history of our planet shaped plant evolution by establishing well-known patterns (e.g., how mountain uplift resulted in high rates of diversification and replicate radiations in montane plant taxa). This follows a traditional approach where botanical data are interpreted in light of geological events. In this synthesis, I instead describe how by integrating natural history, phylogenetics, and population genetics, botanical research can be applied alongside geology and paleontology to inform our understanding of past geological and climatic processes...
April 1, 2024: American Journal of Botany
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Agnes S Dellinger, Laura Lagomarsino, Fabián Michelangeli, Stefan Dullinger, Stacey D Smith
Why and how organismal lineages radiate is commonly studied through either assessing abiotic factors (biogeography, geomorphological processes, climate) or biotic factors (traits, interactions). Despite increasing awareness that both abiotic and biotic processes may have important joint effects on diversification dynamics, few attempts have been made to quantify the relative importance and timing of these factors, and their potentially interlinked direct and indirect effects, on lineage diversification. We here combine assessments of historical biogeography, geomorphology, climatic niche, vegetative and floral trait evolution to test whether these factors jointly, or in isolation, explain diversification dynamics of a Neotropical plant clade (Merianieae, Melastomataceae)...
March 30, 2024: Systematic Biology
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Billy Ngasala, Samwel Bushukatale, Mercy Chiduo, Twilumba Makene, Lilian Mkony, Ally Mohamed, Fablizio Molteni, Frank Chacky, Ritha J A Njau, Richard Mwaiswelo
BACKGROUND: Diversification of artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is suggested as one of the strategies that can be used to contain artemisinin resistance. Artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) is one of the artemisinin-based combinations that can be used in the diversification strategy as an alternative first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in mainland Tanzania. There is however limited data on the efficacy of ASAQ in mainland Tanzania. This study assessed the efficacy of ASAQ for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in selected sentinel sites for therapeutic efficacy studies in mainland Tanzania...
March 29, 2024: Malaria Journal
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lars-Hendrik Koeppl, Désirée Popadić, Raspudin Saleem-Batcha, Philipp Germer, Jennifer N Andexer
S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) reversibly cleaves S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine, the product of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methylation reactions. The conversion of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine into adenosine and L-homocysteine plays an important role in the regulation of the methyl cycle. An alternative metabolic route for S-adenosyl-L-methionine regeneration in the extremophiles Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Thermotoga maritima has been identified, featuring the deamination of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine to S-inosyl-L-homocysteine...
March 29, 2024: Communications Biology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Thomas Dorey, Florian P Schiestl
Divergent evolution leads to variation among populations and thus promotes diversification. In plants, adaptation to different soils, pollinator guilds, and herbivores is thought to be a key ecological driver of adaptive divergence, but few studies have investigated this process experimentally. Here we use experimental evolution with fast cycling Brassica rapa plants to study the impact of soil, pollination, herbivory, and their interactions on divergent evolution in various traits during eight generations of selection...
March 27, 2024: Nature Communications
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Idris Nasir Abdullahi, Carmen Lozano, Carmen González-Azcona, Myriam Zarazaga, Carmen Torres
Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) species in healthy dogs and their owners could be transferred between these hosts and carry diverse antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes of public health concern. This study determined the frequency, diversity, and AMR genes of nasal CoNS from healthy dogs and in-contact people as well as the rate of intra-household (between healthy dogs and dog-owners) transmission of CoNS. Nasal samples were collected and processed from 34 dogs and 41 humans from 27 households, and CoNS identification was done by MALDI-TOF-MS...
March 5, 2024: Pathogens
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jana Hinners, Phoebe A Argyle, Nathan G Walworth, Martina A Doblin, Naomi M Levine, Sinéad Collins
Phytoplankton are photosynthetic marine microbes that affect food webs, nutrient cycles and climate regulation. Their roles are determined by correlated phytoplankton functional traits including cell size, chlorophyll content and cellular composition. Here, we explore patterns of evolution in interrelated trait values and correlations. Because both chance events and natural selection contribute to phytoplankton trait evolution, we used population bottlenecks to diversify six genotypes of Thalassiosirid diatoms...
March 27, 2024: Proceedings. Biological Sciences
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