keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32582413/lead-contamination-in-opium-opium-tincture-and-methadone-oral-solution-in-iran
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mitra Rahimi, Mohammad Amin Eshraghi, Shahin Shadnia
BACKGROUND: The present study is conducted with the aim to assess the lead contamination in opium tincture, methadone oral solution, and opium. METHODS: 10 samples from each of the matters of opium tinctures, methadone oral solutions, and opium (provided by the Law Enforcement Force of the Islamic Republic of Iran) were collected. Then, an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to measure lead concentration in each of the samples. Data were analyzed using the SPSS software...
January 2020: Addiction & Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/32079801/traction-and-hot-fomentations-for-osteo-arthritis
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
Editor's note: From its first issue in 1900 through to the present day, AJN has unparalleled archives detailing nurses' work and lives over more than a century. These articles not only chronicle nursing's growth as a profession within the context of the events of the day, but they also reveal prevailing societal attitudes about women, health care, and human rights. Today's nursing school curricula rarely include nursing's history, but it's a history worth knowing. To this end, From the AJN Archives highlights articles selected to fit today's topics and times...
March 2020: American Journal of Nursing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31737965/the-evolution-of-addiction-treatment-and-harm-reduction-programs-in-iran-a-chaotic-response-or-a-synergistic-diversity
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hamed Ekhtiari, Alireza Noroozi, Ali Farhoudian, Ramin Radfar, Ahmad Hajebi, Saeed Sefatian, Mehran Zare-Bidoky, Emran Mohammad Razaghi, Azarakhsh Mokri, Afarin Rahimi Movaghar, Richard Rawson
BACKGROUNDS AND AIMS: Iran has 2.1 and 1.8 percent of its 15-64 years old population living with illicit substance and opioid use disorders, respectively. To address these problems, Iran has been developing a large and multi-modality addiction treatment system, spanning the time before and after the Islamic revolution. METHODS: Iran's current drug treatment scene is a combination of services ranging from medical/harm reduction services to punitive/criminal justice programs...
November 18, 2019: Addiction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31321009/comparing-the-effects-of-methadone-buprenorphine-and-opium-tincture-maintenance-therapy-on-sexual-function
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ali Kheradmand, Ahad Fazeli, Azadeh Mazaheri Meybodi
BACKGROUND: Opioid use disorder is a major concern to public health, and opioid maintenance treatment on methadone or buprenorphine is a widely used approach. On the other hand, in recent years, there has been more regards for the use of opium tincture for detoxification and maintenance treatment of opioid dependence in certain parts of the world. The purpose of our research was to compare sexual impairments of methadone maintenance treatment (MMT), buprenorphine maintenance treatment (BMT), and opium tincture maintenance treatment (OMT) in patients...
April 2019: Addiction & Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/31093953/therapeutic-approaches-for-neonatal-abstinence-syndrome-a-systematic-review-of-randomized-clinical-trials
#25
REVIEW
Masumeh Ghazanfarpour, Mona Najaf Najafi, Nasibeh Roozbeh, Mohamadghasem Etemadi Mashhadi, Atefeh Keramat-Roudi, Bruno Mégarbane, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Mohammad Mobin Miri Moghaddam, Ramin Rezaee
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) which is observed in 55-94% of the newborns from opioids-taking mothers produces deleterious neurological symptoms. Various pharmacological therapies have been investigated in neonates with NAS. This article reviews all studies on NAS treatment to analyze the duration of treatment, length of hospitalization and possible drug adverse effects. The search was limited to the randomized clinical trials which examined the treatments of neonates with NAS. Scientific databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, Embase and Scopus were systematically searched...
June 2019: Daru: Journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30714249/comparing-opium-tincture-and-methadone-for-medication-assisted-treatment-of-patients-with-opioid-use-disorder-protocol-for-a-multicenter-parallel-group-noninferiority-double-blind-randomized-controlled-trial
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohammadali Nikoo, Ehsan Moazen-Zadeh, Nooshin Nikoo, Sanam Javidanbardan, Alireza Kazemi, Fiona Choi, Marc Vogel, Ali Gholami, Saeed Tavakoli, Reza Givaki, Majid Jazani, Fatemeh Mohammadian, Nader Markazi Moghaddam, Nasser Goudarzi, Christian Schutz, Kerry Jang, Shahin Akhondzadeh, Michael Krausz
OBJECTIVES: This is the first study to compare the safety and efficacy of opium tincture (OT) with methadone for treatment of opioid use disorder. METHODS: In this multicenter, double-blind, noninferiority controlled trial, a stratified sample of 204 participants with opioid use disorder were recruited from community outreach, drop-in centers, and triangular clinics. Participants were excluded in case of active participation in another treatment program for opioid use disorder, hypersensitivity to trial medications, pregnancy, and certain serious medical conditions...
February 4, 2019: International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30667476/pharmacological-treatments-for-neonatal-abstinence-syndrome-a-systematic-review-and-network-meta-analysis
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Timothy Disher, Courtney Gullickson, Balpreet Singh, Chris Cameron, Leah Boulos, Louis Beaubien, Marsha Campbell-Yeo
IMPORTANCE: Incidence of neonatal abstinence syndrome is rising rapidly, and optimal pharmacotherapy may meaningfully reduce length of treatment. OBJECTIVE: To compare pharmacological therapies for neonatal abstinence syndrome. DATA SOURCES: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of Medline (1946-June 2018), Embase (1974-June 2018), Cochrane CENTRAL (1966-June 2018), Web of Science (1900-June 2018), and ClinicalTrials.gov (June 2018)...
March 1, 2019: JAMA Pediatrics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/30247870/dark-classics-in-chemical-neuroscience-opium-a-historical-perspective
#28
REVIEW
Christopher C Presley, Craig W Lindsley
Opium is the latex from the opium poppy Papaver somniferum L., which humankind has utilized since ancient Mesopotamia all the way to modern times. Opium used to be surrounded in divine mystery or magic-like abilities and was given to cure a wide variety of diseases until its analgesic, antitussive, and antidiarrheal properties were understood, the resulting alkaloids were isolated, and their structure and properties unmasked. Opium went from being sold in any store front in the form of pills or tinctures with no prescription necessary for purchase or smoked in an opium den down the street, to then bringing about consumer advocacy and the right to know what is in a medication...
October 17, 2018: ACS Chemical Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/29929212/pharmacological-therapies-for-management-of-opium-withdrawal
#29
REVIEW
Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Jaleh Gholami, Laura Amato, Leila Hoseinie, Reza Yousefi-Nooraie, Masoumeh Amin-Esmaeili
BACKGROUND: Pharmacologic therapies for management of heroin withdrawal have been studied and reviewed widely. Opium dependence is generally associated with less severe dependence and milder withdrawal symptoms than heroin. The evidence on withdrawal management of heroin might therefore not be exactly applicable for opium. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness and safety of various pharmacologic therapies for the management of the acute phase of opium withdrawal...
June 21, 2018: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
https://read.qxmd.com/read/28330725/a-botanical-phytochemical-and-ethnomedicinal-review-of-the-genus-mitragyna-korth-implications-for-products-sold-as-kratom
#30
REVIEW
Paula N Brown, Jensen A Lund, Susan J Murch
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The genus Mitragyna (Rubiacaeae) has been traditionally used in parts of Africa, Asia and Oceania. In recent years, there has been increased interest in species of Mitragyna with the introduction of products to western markets and regulatory uncertainty. AIM OF THE STUDY: This paper reviewed the traditional ethnomedicinal uses of leaves for species belonging to the genus Mitragyna with reference to the botany and known chemistry in order to highlight areas of interest for products currently being sold as kratom...
April 18, 2017: Journal of Ethnopharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/27740713/tincture-of-opium-for-treating-opioid-dependence-a-systematic-review-of-safety-and-efficacy
#31
REVIEW
Mohammadali Nikoo, Nooshin Nikoo, Sanam Javid Anbardan, Afshar Amiri, Marc Vogel, Fiona Choi, Amir Ali Sepehry, Amir Hooshang Bagheri Valoojerdi, Kerry Jang, Christian Schütz, Shahin Akhondzadeh, Michael Krausz
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recently, there has been a growing interest in using opium tincture (OT) for treating opioid dependence in certain regions. We aimed to assess the evidence on its safety and efficacy for this indication. METHODS: We searched several databases (CENTRAL, Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science, PsychINFO, ProQuest Dissertation and Theses Database, Iran Medex, clinicaltrials.gov and who.int/trialsearch) with no language or publication date limitations...
March 2017: Addiction
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26712409/mechanistic-population-pharmacokinetics-of-morphine-in-neonates-with-abstinence-syndrome-after-oral-administration-of-diluted-tincture-of-opium
#32
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Tao Liu, Tamorah Lewis, Estelle Gauda, Jogarao Gobburu, Vijay Ivaturi
Conducting and analyzing clinical trials in vulnerable neonates are extremely challenging. The aim of this analysis is to develop a morphine population pharmacokinetics (PK) model using data collected during a randomized control trial in neonates with abstinence syndrome (NAS). A 3-compartment morphine structural PK model after intravenous (IV) administration from previously published work was utilized as prior, whereas an allometric scaling method with physiological consideration was used to extrapolate a PK profile from adults to pediatrics...
August 2016: Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26566681/opium-tincture-versus-methadone-syrup-in-management-of-acute-raw-opium-withdrawal-a-randomized-double-blind-controlled-trial
#33
RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Farzaneh Tabassomi, Mehran Zarghami, Mohammad-Reza Shiran, Samaneh Farnia, Mohsen Davoodi
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of opium tincture versus methadone syrup in the management of acute withdrawal syndrome in opium dependent patients during the detoxification period. In this double-blind randomized controlled study, a total of 74 adult male raw opium dependent patients were treated with opium tincture or methadone syrup 2 times daily for 5 consecutive days. Detoxification was initiated by tapered dose reductions to reach abstinence. At the end of the 10th day, the medications were discontinued...
2016: Journal of Addictive Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26468188/pain-and-poppies-the-good-the-bad-and-the-ugly-of-opioid-analgesics
#34
REVIEW
Tuan Trang, Ream Al-Hasani, Daniela Salvemini, Michael W Salter, Howard Gutstein, Catherine M Cahill
UNLABELLED: Treating pain is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine and a key facet of disease management. The isolation of morphine by Friedrich Sertürner in 1804 added an essential pharmacological tool in the treatment of pain and spawned the discovery of a new class of drugs known collectively as opioid analgesics. Revered for their potent pain-relieving effects, even Morpheus the god of dreams could not have dreamt that his opium tincture would be both a gift and a burden to humankind...
October 14, 2015: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26200040/efficacy-of-the-natural-clay-calcium-aluminosilicate-anti-diarrheal-in-reducing-medullary-thyroid-cancer-related-diarrhea-and-its-effects-on-quality-of-life-a-pilot-study
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ramona Dadu, Mimi I Hu, Charles Cleeland, Naifa L Busaidy, Mouhammed Habra, Steven G Waguespack, Steven I Sherman, Anita Ying, Patricia Fox, Maria E Cabanillas
INTRODUCTION: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC)-related diarrhea can be debilitating, reduces quality of life (QOL), and may be the only indication for initiating systemic therapy. Conventional antidiarrheal drugs are not always helpful and may have side effects. Calcium aluminosilicate antidiarrheal (CASAD), a natural calcium montmorrilonite clay, safely adsorbs toxins and inflammatory proteins associated with diarrhea. It was hypothesized that CASAD would reduce the severity of diarrhea and improve QOL in MTC patients...
October 2015: Thyroid: Official Journal of the American Thyroid Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26039498/-methods-in-neonatal-abstinence-syndrome-nas-results-of-a-nationwide-survey-in-austria
#36
MULTICENTER STUDY
S Bauchinger, I Sapetschnig, M Danda, C Sommer, B Resch, B Urlesberger, W Raith
BACKGROUND: Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) occurs in neonates whose mothers have taken addictive drugs or were under substitution therapy during pregnancy. Incidence numbers of NAS are on the rise globally, even in Austria NAS is not rare anymore. The aim of our survey was to reveal the status quo of dealing with NAS in Austria. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 20 neonatology departments all over Austria, items included questions on scoring, therapy, breast-feeding and follow-up procedures...
August 2015: Zeitschrift Für Geburtshilfe und Neonatologie
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25984276/does-ingestion-of-tincture-of-opium-notably-raise-blood-alcohol-concentration
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hassan Solhi, Bahman Sadeghi-Sedeh, Pardis Emami, Mohammad Jamalian, Amir Mohammad Kazemifar
BACKGROUND: Tincture of opium (TOP) is currently used for maintenance therapy in treatment of opioids addiction. It contains ethanol. The present study was conducted to assess the increase in blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in its users; a process which may interfere with breath-alcohol test performed by law enforcement or traffic police. METHODS: A total of 143 individuals were selected randomly from drug users who had been referred to an addiction treatment clinic...
July 2014: Addiction & Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25927042/maintenance-treatment-with-opium-tincture-a-preliminary-qualitative-study-of-the-factors-related-to-treatment-entry
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Reza Daneshmand, Zahra Alam Mehrjerdi, Mercede Samiee
BACKGROUND: The current preliminary study aimed to explore the reasons that a group of opiate-dependent patients reported for entry into opium tincture treatment (OTT). METHODS: Through examinations of 52 qualitative focus group interviews with patients from six OTT centers and 10 health providers (in key informant interviews) in Tehran, this study highlights the factors that participants reported as the reasons associated with entry into OTT. Quantitative data including demographic data and details of drug use were analyzed by using SPSS...
August 2014: Iranian Journal of Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25545140/-vintage-meds-a-netnographic-study-of-user-decision-making-home-preparation-and-consumptive-patterns-of-laudanum
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marie Claire Van Hout, Evelyn Hearne
BACKGROUND: Reviews have commented on rising clandestine manufacture of opiate drug solutions for injecting, and to a lesser extent for oral use. Very little is known about user attempts to culture poppy seeds, widely available on the internet for manufacture of long acting medium-high potency oral solutions, both as poppy seed tea or as opium tincture (laudanum). OBJECTIVES: A netnographic research methodology aimed to provide online consumer insight into user sourcing and decision influences, experiences of home manufacture of laudanum, utilization of opium tincture recipes, and consumptive patterns...
April 2015: Substance Use & Misuse
https://read.qxmd.com/read/25309146/development-and-implementation-of-a-pharmacist-managed-neonatal-and-pediatric-opioid-weaning-protocol
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Melissa R Johnson, David R Nash, Mary R Laird, Robert C Kiley, Michael A Martinez
OBJECTIVES: To compare the length of wean and abstinence severity in neonatal and pediatric patients with neonatal abstinence syndrome or iatrogenic opioid dependence treated with a pharmacist-managed, methadone-based protocol compared with physician-managed patients treated with either methadone or dilute tincture of opium (DTO). METHODS: This was a prospective, single-centered, interventional evaluation of 54 pharmacist-managed patients versus 53 retrospective, physician-managed patients...
July 2014: Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics: JPPT: the Official Journal of PPAG
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