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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiang Hsieh
BACKGROUND: Motion induced image artifacts have been the focus of many investigations for x-ray computed tomography (CT). Methodologies of combating patient motion include the use of gating devices to optimize the data acquisition, reduction in patient scan time via faster gantry rotation and large detector coverage, and the development of advanced reconstruction and post-processing algorithms to minimize motion artifacts. PURPOSE: Previously proposed approaches are generally "global" in nature in that motion is characterized for the entire image...
April 23, 2024: Medical Physics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hui Hong, Yutong Chen, Weiran Liu, Xiao Luo, Minming Zhang
INTRODUCTION: The distribution of voxel- and connection-based white matter hyperintensity (WMH) patterns in early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), as well as factors associated with these patterns, remain unclear. METHOD: We analyzed the WMH distribution patterns in EOAD and LOAD at the voxel and connection levels, each compared with their age-matched cognitively unimpaired participants. Linear regression assessed the independent effects of amyloid and vascular risk factors on WMH distribution patterns in both groups...
2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Calebe P Mendes, Wido R Albert, Zachary Amir, Marc Ancrenaz, Eric Ash, Badrul Azhar, Henry Bernard, Jedediah Brodie, Tom Bruce, Elliot Carr, Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Glyn Davies, Nicolas J Deere, Yoan Dinata, Christl A Donnelly, Somphot Duangchantrasiri, Gabriella Fredriksson, Benoit Goossens, Alys Granados, Andrew Hearn, Jason Hon, Tom Hughes, Patrick Jansen, Kae Kawanishi, Margaret Kinnaird, Sharon Koh, Alice Latinne, Matthew Linkie, Federica Loi, Anthony J Lynam, Erik Meijaard, Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan, Jonathan H Moore, Senthilvel K S S Nathan, Dusit Ngoprasert, Wilson Novarino, Ilyas Nursamsi, Timothy O'Brien, Robert Ong, John Payne, Dolly Priatna, D Mark Rayan, Glen Reynolds, Rustam Rustam, Sasidhran Selvadurai, Amanda Shia, Muhammad Silmi, Pablo Sinovas, Kriangsak Sribuarod, Robert Steinmetz, Matthew J Struebig, Ronglarp Sukmasuang, Sunarto Sunarto, Tarmizi Tarmizi, Arjun Thapa, Carl Traeholt, Oliver R Wearn, Hariyo B Wibisono, Andreas Wilting, Seth Timothy Wong, Siew Te Wong, Jettie Word, Wen Xuan Chiok, Zainal Zahari Zainuddin, Matthew Scott Luskin
Information on tropical Asian vertebrates has traditionally been sparse, particularly when it comes to cryptic species inhabiting the dense forests of the region. Vertebrate populations are declining globally due to land-use change and hunting, the latter frequently referred as "defaunation." This is especially true in tropical Asia where there is extensive land-use change and high human densities. Robust monitoring requires that large volumes of vertebrate population data be made available for use by the scientific and applied communities...
April 22, 2024: Ecology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joe W Chiles, Ava C Wilson, Rachel Tindal, Kaleen Lavin, Samuel Windham, Harry B Rossiter, Richard Casaburi, Anna Thalacker-Mercer, Thomas W Buford, Rakesh Patel, J Michael Wells, Marcas M Bamman, Beatriz Y Hanaoka, Mark Dransfield, Merry-Lynn N McDonald
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle dysfunction is a common extrapulmonary manifestation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Alterations in skeletal muscle myosin heavy chain expression, with reduced type I and increased type II myosin heavy chain expression, are associated with COPD severity when studied in largely male cohorts. The objectives of this study were (1) to define an abnormal myofibre proportion phenotype in both males and females with COPD and (2) to identify transcripts and transcriptional networks associated with abnormal myofibre proportion in COPD...
April 22, 2024: Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yulan Qi, Ming Liang Chan, Diane R Mould, Kevin Larimore, Elena Fisheleva, Anu Cherukuri, Jonathan Day, Ravi Savarirayan, Melita Irving, Carlos A Bacino, Julie Hoover-Fong, Keiichi Ozono, Klaus Mohnike, William R Wilcox, Michael B Bober, Joshua Henshaw
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vosoritide is a recently approved therapy for achondroplasia, the most common form of disproportionate short stature, that has been shown to be well tolerated and effective in increasing linear growth. This study aimed to develop a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model to characterize pharmacokinetics (PK) of vosoritide and establish a weight-band dosing regimen. METHODS: A PPK model was developed using data from five clinical trials in children with achondroplasia (aged 0...
April 23, 2024: Clinical Pharmacokinetics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hang Yu, Shuangshuang He, Yisong He, Guyu Dai, Yuchuan Fu, Xianhu Zeng, Mengyuan Liu, Ping Ai
BACKGROUND: Alopecia causes significant distress for patients and negatively impacts quality of life for low-grade glioma (LGG) patients. We aimed to compare and evaluate variations in dose distribution for scalp-sparing in LGG patients with proton therapy and photon therapy, namely intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), and helical tomotherapy (HT). METHODS: This retrospective study utilized a dataset comprising imaging data from 22 patients with LGG who underwent postoperative radiotherapy...
April 22, 2024: Strahlentherapie und Onkologie: Organ der Deutschen Röntgengesellschaft ... [et Al]
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hugo Bloem, Andrew Curtis
To accurately reconstruct palaeoenvironmental change through time it is important to determine which rock samples were deposited contemporaneously at different sites or transects, as erroneous correlation may lead to incorrectly inferred processes and rates. To correlate samples, current practice interpolates geological age between datable units along each transect, then temporal signatures observed in geochemical logs are matched between transects. Unfortunately spatiotemporally variable and unknown rates of sedimentary deposition create highly nonlinear space-time transforms, significantly altering apparent geochemical signatures...
April 23, 2024: Scientific Reports
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
V Chin, R N Finnegan, P Chlap, L Holloway, D I Thwaites, J Otton, G P Delaney, S K Vinod
AIMS: Delineation variations and organ motion produce difficult-to-quantify uncertainties in planned radiation doses to targets and organs at risk. Similar to manual contouring, most automatic segmentation tools generate single delineations per structure; however, this does not indicate the range of clinically acceptable delineations. This study develops a method to generate a range of automatic cardiac structure segmentations, incorporating motion and delineation uncertainty, and evaluates the dosimetric impact in lung cancer...
April 4, 2024: Clinical Oncology: a Journal of the Royal College of Radiologists
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naveen Paluru, Raji Susan Mathew, Phaneendra K Yalavarthy
Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) is an advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique to quantify the magnetic susceptibility of the tissue under investigation. Deep learning methods have shown promising results in deconvolving the susceptibility distribution from the measured local field obtained from the MR phase. Although existing deep learning based QSM methods can produce high-quality reconstruction, they are highly biased toward training data distribution with less scope for generalizability...
April 22, 2024: NMR in Biomedicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gustavo Pacheco, Jorge Patricio Castillo-Lopez, Yolanda Villaseñor-Navarro, María-Ester Brandan
PURPOSE: Breast density is a significant risk factor for breast cancer and can impact the sensitivity of screening mammography. Area-based breast density measurements may not provide an accurate representation of the tissue distribution, therefore volumetric breast density (VBD) measurements are preferred. Dual-energy mammography enables volumetric measurements without additional assumptions about breast shape. In this work we evaluated the performance of a dual-energy decomposition technique for determining VBD by applying it to virtual anthropomorphic phantoms...
April 22, 2024: Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junko Kurita, Yoshitaro Iwasaki
BACKGROUND: In Japan, long-distance domestic travel was banned while the ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strain was dominant under the first declared state of emergency from March 2020 until the end of May 2020. Subsequently, the "Go To Travel" campaign travel subsidy policy was activated, allowing long-distance domestic travel, until the second state of emergency as of January 7, 2021. The effects of this long-distance domestic travel ban on SARS-CoV-2 infectivity have not been adequately evaluated...
April 22, 2024: Online Journal of Public Health Informatics
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Renee Liu, Ashita A Sule, Choo Sheriel Shannon, Thulasiraj Ravilla, Hugh Taylor, William Rojas-Carabali, Rohit C Khanna, Chitaranjan Mishra, Alok Sen, Anadi Khatri, Anna C S Tan, Lucia Sobrin, Rupesh Agrawal
PURPOSE: To evaluate rural community-based eye care models from the perspective of community ophthalmology experts and suggest sustainable technological solutions for enhancing rural eye care delivery. METHODS: A semi-structured descriptive survey, using close-ended and open-ended questions, was administered to the experts in community ophthalmology sourced through purposive sampling. The survey was self-administered and was facilitated through online platforms or in-person meetings...
May 1, 2024: Indian Journal of Ophthalmology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bretislav Lipovy, Martin Hladik, Katerina Vyklicka, Iva Kocmanova, Martina Lengerova, Leos Kren, Michal Srnik, Jan Bohm, Petr Andrla, Petra Borilova Linhartova
Patients with burn injury and inhalation injury are highly susceptible to infectious complications, including opportunistic pathogens, due to the loss of skin cover and mucosal damage of respiratory tract as well as the disruption of homeostasis. This case report, a 34-year-old man suffered critical burns, provides the first literature description of triple-impact immunoparalysis (critical burns, inhalation injury, and SARS-CoV-2 infection), leading to a lethal multifocal infection caused by several fungi including very rare environmental representatives Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Wickerhamomyces anomalus...
April 22, 2024: Folia Microbiologica
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nazim Coskun, Mehmet Oguz Kartal, Aysenur Sinem Kartal, Velihan Cayhan, Mustafa Ozdemir, Murat Canyigit, Elif Ozdemir
INTRODUCTION: Voxel-based dosimetry offers improved outcomes in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using glass microspheres. However, the adaptation of voxel-based dosimetry to resin-based microspheres has been poorly studied, and the prognostic relevance of heterogeneous dose distribution remains unclear. This study aims to explore the use of dose-volume histograms for resin microspheres and to determine thresholds for objective metabolic response in HCC patients treated with resin-based TARE...
April 22, 2024: Annals of Nuclear Medicine
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
C O Bamigboye, O E Akinola, J D Adegboye, I A Fadiora, I O Omomowo, O N Majolagbe, O R Oyeleke, A A Alarape, T K Ojediran, M D Shittu, J K Oloke
This study examined the effects of using mushroom mycelium to ferment tigernut and cassava pulp on the growth performance, haematology and immunology of rabbits. Seventy-five New Zealand Bulk grower rabbits were randomly distributed to four treatment groups and a control group in a completely randomized approach. The treatment groups were fed with formulated experimental diets containing one of fermented tigernut drink by-product (FT), fermented cassava sievate (FC), unfermented tigernut drink by-product (UT), or unfermented cassava sievate (UC)...
April 22, 2024: Tropical Animal Health and Production
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiangwei Tian, Ying Wang, Tao Xu, Yingying Guo, Yonghong Bi, Yanqun Liu, Yong Liang, Wenbin Cui, Yanwei Liu, Ligang Hu, Yongguang Yin, Yong Cai, Guibin Jiang
Algae are an entry point for mercury (Hg) into the food web. Bioconcentration of Hg by algae is crucial for its biogeochemical cycling and environmental risk. Herein, considering the cell heterogeneity, we investigated the bioconcentration of coexisting isotope-labeled inorganic (199 IHg) and methyl Hg (201 MeHg) by six typical freshwater and marine algae using dual-mass single-cell inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (scICP-MS). First, a universal pretreatment procedure for the scICP-MS analysis of algae was developed...
April 22, 2024: Environmental Science & Technology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kirti P Patel, Alfred H Stammers, Eric A Tesdahl, Jeffrey Chores, Scott R Beckmann, Jennifer Baeza, Craig M Petterson, Ty Thompson, Alexander Baginski, Michael Firstenberg, Jeffrey P Jacobs
BACKGROUND: Ultrafiltration (UF) is a common practice during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) where it is used as a blood management strategy to reduce red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, minimize adverse effects of hemodilution, and reduce proinflammatory mediators. However, its clinical utilization has been shown to vary throughout the continents. PURPOSE: The purpose of this investigation was to assess the distribution of UF use across the United States. DATA COLLECTION: Data on UF use during cardiac surgery was obtained from a national (United States) perfusion database for adult cardiac procedures performed from January 2016 through December 2018...
April 22, 2024: Perfusion
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yi Liu, Junqing Jia, Fanhai Zeng, Xiaoyun Jiang
As living standards rise, more and more people are paying attention to their own health, especially issues such as cerebral thrombosis, cerebral infarction, and other cerebral blood flow problems. An accurate simulation of blood flow within cerebral vessels has emerged as a crucial area of research. In this study, we focus on microcirculatory blood flow in ischemic brain tissue and employ a 0D-1D geometric multi-scale coupled model to characterize this process. Given the intricate nature of human cerebral vessels, we apply a numerical method combining the finite element method and the third-order Runge-Kutta method to resolve the coupled model...
April 22, 2024: International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saad Bin Saeed Ahmed, Shahzaib Naeem, Agha Muhammad Hammad Khan, Bilal Mazhar Qureshi, Amjad Hussain, Bulent Aydogan, Wazir Muhammad
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We proposed an artificial neural network model to predict radiobiological parameters for the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with radiation therapy. The model uses the tumor specification, demographics, and radiation dose distribution to predict the tumor control probability and the normal tissue complications probability. These indices are crucial for the assessment and clinical management of cancer patients during treatment planning. METHODS: Two publicly available datasets of 31 and 215 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients treated with conformal radiation therapy were selected...
2024: Frontiers in artificial intelligence
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nathalie E G Ligthart, Gerard Prats Vergel, Johan T Padding, David A Vermaas
CO2 conversion is an important part of the transition towards clean fuels and chemicals. However, low solubility of CO2 in water and its slow diffusion cause mass transfer limitations in aqueous electrochemical CO2 reduction. This significantly limits the partial current densities towards any desired CO2 -reduction product. We propose using flowable suspension electrodes to spread the current over a larger volume and alleviate mass transfer limitations, which could allow high partial current densities for CO2 conversion even in aqueous environments...
April 18, 2024: Energy Adv
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