DSM 5.1

Assessing mental health disorders and determining treatment can be difficult for a number of reasons, including access to healthcare providers. Assessments and treatments may not be continuous and can be limited by the unpredictable nature of psychiatric symptoms. Machine-learning models using data collected in a clinical setting can improve diagnosis and treatment. Studies have used speech, text, and facial expression analysis to identify depression. Still, more research is needed to address challenges such as the need for multimodality machine-learning models for clinical use...

INTRODUCTION: Orthorexia, a harmful obsession with eating healthily, may develop from illnesses characterized by dietary restriction, including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and eating disorders (ED). Evidence of disordered eating in IBS exists, but orthorexia has not been assessed. This cross-sectional study in adults (≥18 years) assessed presence and characteristics of disordered eating and orthorexia in IBS, compared to control subjects (CS) and ED. METHODS: IBS participants met Rome IV, and ED participants met DSM-5 criteria...

BACKGROUNDS: Many autistic people in mental health are suicidal. This study evaluated the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) v. treatment as usual (TAU) in reducing suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. METHODS: At six Dutch mental health centers, 123 outpatients (18-65 years) with DSM-5 diagnosed autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and suicidal behavior were randomly assigned to the DBT intervention group ( n = 63) or TAU control group ( n = 60). Assessments were conducted at baseline, post-treatment at 6 months and 12-month follow-up...

IMPORTANCE: The ongoing Russian invasion of Ukraine marks a critical juncture in a series of events posing severe threat to the health of Ukrainian citizens. While recent reports reveal higher rates of PTSD in Ukrainian refugees following Russia's invasion - data for Ukrainians remaining at the warfront is inherently difficult to access. A primarily elderly demographic, Ukrainians in previously Russian-occupied areas near the front (UPROANF) are at particular risk. DESIGN: Data was sourced from screening questionnaires administered between March 2022 and July 2023 by mobile health clinics providing services to UPROANF...

Free-text analysis using machine learning (ML)-based natural language processing (NLP) shows promise for diagnosing psychiatric conditions. Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT) has demonstrated preliminary initial feasibility for this purpose; however, whether it can accurately assess mental illness remains to be determined. This study evaluates the effectiveness of ChatGPT and the text-embedding-ada-002 (ADA) model in detecting post-traumatic stress disorder following childbirth (CB-PTSD), a maternal postpartum mental illness affecting millions of women annually, with no standard screening protocol...

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains prevalent among individuals exposed to the 9/11 World Trade Center (WTC) terrorist attacks. The present study compared an Internet-based, therapist-assisted psychotherapy for PTSD to an active control intervention in WTC survivors and recovery workers with WTC-related PTSD symptoms (n = 105; 75% syndromal PTSD). Participants were randomized to integrative testimonial therapy (ITT), focused on WTC-related trauma, or modified present-centered therapy (I-MPCT), each comprising 11 assigned written narratives...

A novel actinobacterium, strain HUAS 3T , was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Cathaya argyrophylla collected in Hunan Province, PR China. Strain HUAS 3T contained meso -diaminopimelic acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The dominant menaquinones were MK-9(H4 ), MK-9(H6 ), MK-10(H2 ) and MK-9(H4 ). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphotidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The main cellular fatty acids (>5...

A series of nine 2,3-disubstituted-quinazolin-4(3 H )-one derived Schiff bases and their three Cu(II) complexes was prepared and tested for their antimicrobial activities against reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 and Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis (VRE). All the substances were tested in vitro against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37 Ra ATCC 25177, M. kansasii DSM 44162 and M. smegmatis ATCC 700084...

BACKGROUND: Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), recognized as a mental disorder in both the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-5) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), poses significant threats to physical, social, and mental well-being. This study aims to delve into the experiences of individuals grappling with IGD. METHODS AND MATERIALS: The study employed an interpretive phenomenology, conducting interviews with 10 graduate students at Makerere University...

The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of a short-term, manualized schema therapy group for 77 patients with CBT-resistant mood and/or anxiety and/or personality disorders (PDs) in primary care. The primary focus was on the effects of this treatment on Early Maladaptive Schemas (EMS), schema modes, and psychological well-being. These aspects were assessed pre-and post-treatment treatment using the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ), the Schema Mode Inventory version 1...

BACKGROUND: This study aims to conduct the first-ever evaluation of our previously proposed behaviors of "hemomania" in individuals engaged with nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). METHODS: The study encompassed 130 outpatients engaged with NSSI who applied at the psychiatry outpatient clinic. NSSI behaviors were assessed using the Inventory of Statements About Self-Injury, while psychiatric diagnoses were evaluated using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Disorders-Clinician Version...

The negative effects of alcohol use can transmit intergenerational harm if alcohol use disorder (AUD) occurs during pregnancy and/or while parenting a child. Prenatal alcohol exposure is the leading preventable cause of congenital anomalies in the USA, and heavy drinking in women has been on the rise, further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study describes the most recent patterns in the past year AUD prevalence and treatment among reproductive-aged women, with a specific focus on pregnant and parenting women, and barriers to treatment among those affected...

IMPORTANCE: The accuracy of screening tests for alcohol use disorder (defined as a problematic pattern of alcohol use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress) requires reassessment to align with the latest definition in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5). OBJECTIVE: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of screening tools in identifying individuals with alcohol use disorder as defined in the DSM-5. DATA SOURCES AND STUDY SELECTION: The databases of MEDLINE and Embase were searched (January 2013-February 2023) for original studies on the diagnostic accuracy of brief screening tools to identify alcohol use disorder according to the DSM-5 definition...

BACKGROUND: Altered intestinal permeability and low-grade chronic inflammation disrupt the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (microbiota-gut-brain axis), probably playing a role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. However, studies assessing the microbiota-gut-brain axis are inconsistent. This article describes the rationale, objectives, protocol, and presents descriptive results for a new project. METHODS: The sample of this study came from an observational, cross-sectional and multisite study including four centers in Spain (PI17/00246) recruiting adult patients with DSM-5 schizophrenia-spectrum disorders at any stage of the disease...

Introduction: Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) regulates plasticity in brain systems underlying arousal and memory and is associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Research in animal models suggests that PACAP modulates entorhinal cortex (EC) input to the hippocampus, contributing to impaired contextual fear conditioning. In PTSD, PACAP is associated with higher activity of the amygdala to threat stimuli and lower functional connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus...

BACKGROUND: Despite the introduction of dimensional conceptualisations of personality functioning in the latest classification systems, such as Criterion A of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the DSM-5, heterogeneous clinical presentation of personality pathology remains a challenge. Relatedly, the latent structure of personality pathology as assessed by the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning DSM-5 (STiP-5.1) has not yet been comprehensively examined in adolescents...

Pocketbook plants ( Calceolaria spp.) are flowering ornamentals often grown as potted plants (Poesch 1937). In December 2022, leaf blight symptoms were observed on 2-mo-old plants of C . hybrida F1 'Dainty'. The disease was found in a nursery in Ren'ai Township, Nantou, and about 20% of the plants exhibited symptoms. Symptomatic plants had brown or gray necrotic lesions of different sizes and shapes, mostly around leaf margins. Lower leaf wilting was also observed (Fig. S1, A and B). Three plants were sampled...

By investigating wet and dry age-related ripening of beef, Pseudomonas strains V3/3/4/13T and V3/K/3/5T were isolated. Strain V3/3/4/13T exhibited more than 99 % 16S rRNA gene-based similarity to Pseudomonas fragi and other members of this group, while isolate V3/K/3/5T was very close to Pseudomonas veronii and a number of relatives within the Pseudomonas fluorescens group. Additional comparisons of complete rpoB sequences and draft genomes allowed us to place isolate V3/3/4/13T close to Pseudomonas deceptionensis DSM 26521T ...

BACKGROUND: Substance use-related emergency department (ED) visits have increased substantially in North America. Screening for substance use in EDs is recommended; best approaches are unclear. This systematic review synthesizes evidence on diagnostic accuracy of ED screening tools to detect harmful substance use. METHODS: We included derivation or validation studies, with or without comparator, that included adult (≥ 18 years) ED patients and evaluated screening tools to identify general or specific substance use disorders or harmful use...

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the differences between nurses with and without substance use disorders (SUDs) admitted to a specialised mental health programme. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational study. SETTING: Specialised mental health treatment programme for nurses in Catalonia, Spain. PARTICIPANTS: 1091 nurses admitted to the programme from 2000 to 2021. INTERVENTIONS: None. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Sociodemographic, occupational and clinical variables were analysed...