Randomized controlled study

OBJECTIVES: Mortality due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a major global health problem. Knowledge of epidemiological data on ARDS is crucial to design management, treatment strategies, and optimize resources. There is ample data regarding mortality of ARDS from high-income countries; in this review, we evaluated mortality due to ARDS in Latin America. DATA SOURCES: We searched in PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Science Literature databases from 1967 to March 2023...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of combining proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) with threshold inspiratory muscle training (TIMT), compared with TIMT alone, on respiratory function in neurocritical patients who experienced a weaning failure. Forty-seven participants (mostly after a stroke), were randomly divided into the experimental group (n = 24) and the control group (n = 23). The control group received usual care and TIMT, whereas the experimental group, in addition, underwent four 90-s periods of manual PNF...

OBJECTIVES: Constipation is the infrequent or difficult emission of hard, dry faeces and is a common digestive condition in cats. Psyllium is a low-fermentable fibre, with soluble and insoluble components and water-holding properties. It forms a mucilaginous gel with water and is used for the symptomatic treatment of constipation in various species. This study evaluated the effect of dietary psyllium on faecal characteristics in cats. METHODS: Healthy neutered adult cats (six female and three male, aged 3...

IMPORTANCE: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is one of the most common childhood cancers in sub-Saharan Africa and is etiologically linked to malaria. However, evidence for an effect of malaria interventions on BL is limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential population-level association between large-scale rollout of insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) in sub-Saharan Africa in the 2000s and BL incidence. DATA SOURCES: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a search was conducted in the Embase, Global Health, and Medline databases and in cancer registry publications between January 1, 1990, and February 27, 2023...

OBJECTIVES: Immigrants face multiple forms of cultural stress that hold pernicious influences on their psychological well-being, including everyday discrimination, bicultural stressors, and negative context of reception from others. Research thus is needed to consider potential buffers and mitigating factors that may help immigrant adults in the face of cultural stress. The present studies evaluated a sense of purpose as one potential buffer. METHOD: Study 1 asked immigrant adults in the Unites States to complete measures of the three cultural stress indicators in addition to sense of purpose and measures of well-being (depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, self-esteem, self-rated health)...

While the COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately impacted Black American communities, there is a lack of empirical research examining mental health experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic among this population. This report examines the relationship between the COVID-19 pandemic and stress, depression, and anxiety among Black women. A cohort study with supplementary data was conducted among 45 Black American women with depressive symptoms participating in an ongoing randomized controlled trial of a mindfulness-based intervention (M-Body) at a Federally Qualified Health Center...

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To investigate the in vivo and in situ effect of different types of lasers in prevention of enamel demineralization in high caries risk cases (around orthodontic brackets, around restoration and in caries susceptible pits and fissures). PubMed was searched using the following keyword sequence; (Laser therapy OR laser irradiation OR laser application) AND (enamel caries prevention OR enamel demineralization OR enamel remineralization OR early enamel caries OR early-enamel caries OR enamel resistance OR enamel decalcification OR white spot lesions WSLs OR incipient lesion OR enamel decay OR enamel Dissolution OR enamel microhardness) AND (clinical trial OR Randomized clinical trial OR In situ study)...

OBJECTIVES: The use of hemoadsorption (HA) has become popular in the treatment of vasoplegic states associated with massive cytokine release, including septic shock. However, this approach does not seem to be based on robust evidence, and it does not follow international guidelines. To understand the pathophysiological rationale and timing of HA, we conducted a large animal septic shock experiment. DESIGN: Prospective randomized large-animal peritoneal septic shock experiment...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to examine the effect of dependent care theory-based post-surgical home care intervention on self-care, symptoms, and caregiver burden in primary brain tumor patients and their caregivers. METHODS: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted with patients who underwent surgery for a primary brain tumor between March 2019 and January 2020 in a tertiary hospital and with caregivers who cared for them at home. Eligible patients and caregivers were determined by block randomization...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a degenerative joint disease which can result in chronic pain and disability. The current interventions available for KOA often fail to provide long-lasting effects, highlighting the need for new treatment options that can offer durable benefits. Previous studies have suggested the efficacy of acupuncture for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with its durability remaining uncertain. In this review, we aimed to investigate the durability of the efficacy after completion of treatment...

BACKGROUND: Linagliptin is an oral dipeptidyl peptidase DPP-4 inhibitor, which is indicated for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as monotherapy or add-on to therapy with other hypoglycemic drugs. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to summarize the evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess the safety of linagliptin focusing on cardiovascular risks among subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: We conducted a systematic search across the following databases: Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials...

BACKGROUND: Empirical use of pharmacogenetic test(PGT) is advocated for many drugs, and resource-rich setting hospitals are using the same commonly. The clinical translation of pharmacogenetic tests in terms of cost and clinical utility is yet to be examined in hospitals of low middle income countries (LMICs). AIM: The present study assessed the clinical utility of PGT by comparing the pharmacogenetically(PGT) guided- versus standard of care(SOC)- warfarin therapy, including the health economics of the two warfarin therapies...

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most common serious complication of very preterm infants (VPI) or very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. Studies implicate viral infections in etiopathogenesis. The aim of this study was to summarize the relationship between viral infections and BPD through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched PubMed, Embase, the Web of Science Core Collection, and the Cochrane Database on December 19, 2023. We included observational studies that examined the association between viral infections and BPD in preterm infants...

PURPOSE: High-energy injuries to the knee may lead to extensive soft tissue loss, fractures, and potential loss of extensor function. The gastrocnemius flap is a prominent reconstructive option for patients with injuries involving the knee and proximal third of the lower extremity. To the best of our knowledge, there has not been an informative review that has evaluated outcomes of patients who have undergone post-traumatic knee reconstruction with a pedicled medial or lateral gastrocnemius flap...

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of Kinesio Tape (KT) application as a complementary treatment for patients with acute ankle sprain (AAS) in an Emergency Department (ED) setting. METHODS: A prospective, quasi-randomized controlled trial was conducted in a tertiary care ED. Adult patients diagnosed with isolated, stable Grade 1 and Grade 2 AAS were included. Patients were divided into two groups: the KT group, where KT was applied in addition to conventional treatment, and the control group, receiving only conventional treatment...

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify predictors for the recurrence of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) after epidural blood patch (EBP). BACKGROUND: Epidural blood patch is the main treatment option for SIH; however, the characteristics of patients who experience relapse after successful EBP treatment for SIH remain understudied. METHODS: In this exploratory, retrospective, case-control study, we included 19 patients with SIH recurrence after EBP and 36 age- and sex-matched patients without recurrence from a single tertiary medical institution...

OBJECTIVE: Hemorrhage is the leading cause of preventable death in civilian trauma centers and on the battlefield. One of the emerging treatment options for hemorrhage in austere environments is tranexamic acid (TXA). However, the landscape is not amenable to the current delivery standard. This study compared the pharmacokinetics of TXA via a standard 10-minute intravenous infusion (IV infusion), intravenous rapid push over 10 s (IV push), and intramuscular injection (IM) in a swine polytrauma and hemorrhagic shock model (trauma group) compared to uninjured controls (control group)...

UNLABELLED: The microbiome expresses a variety of functions that influence host biology. The range of functions depends on the microbiome's composition, which can change during the host's lifetime due to neutral assembly processes, host-mediated selection, and environmental conditions. To date, the exact dynamics of microbiome assembly, the underlying determinants, and the effects on host-associated functions remain poorly understood. Here, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and a defined community of fully sequenced, naturally associated bacteria to study microbiome dynamics and functions across a major part of the worm's lifetime of hosts under controlled experimental conditions...

OBJECTIVES: The frenum is a mucous membrane fold that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. Frenectomy is the surgical removal of the whole frenum, including the area connected to the bones. This study's purpose was to compare the healing period and postsurgical pain experienced by patients operated with diode and erbium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Er:YAG) lasers. METHODS: Twenty referred patients need to excision of the abnormal upper labial frenum were included in this study...