Myocardial Injury

BACKGROUND Reperfusion injury is one of the leading causes of myocardial cell death and heart failure. This study was performed to identify new candidate lipid biomarkers for the purpose of optimizing the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury, assessing the severity of myocardial I/R injury and trying to find the novel mechanism related to lipids. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty patients who were diagnosed with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) were randomly selected for this study...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury is a leading factor responsible for damage in myocardial infarction, resulting in additional injury to cardiac tissues involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of Nigella sativa L. seeds, has been reported to possess various biological activities. However, few reports regarding myocardial protection are available at present. Therefore, this study was conducted aiming to investigate the protective effect of TQ against MI/R injury and to clarify its potential mechanism...

BACKGROUND: Clinical trials have shown conflicting results regarding the use of volatile anesthesia before or after the ischemic insult in cardiac surgical patients and effect on myocardial injury. This may be attributable to the failure of continuing volatile agents into the early postoperative period. We hypothesized that combined volatile-based anesthesia and postoperative sedation would decrease the extent of myocardial injury after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) when compared to intravenous, propofol-based approach...

OBJECTIVE: Endothelial barrier function in the onset and Tongxinluo (TXL) protection of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, and TXL can induce the secretion of Angiopoietin-like 4 (Angptl4) in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells during hypoxia/reoxygenation. We intend to demonstrate whether TXL can attenuate myocardial I/R injury in diabetes, characterized with microvascular endothelial barrier disruption, by induction of Angptl4-mediated protection of endothelial barrier integrity...

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of remote ischaemic conditioning in clinical trials of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) or elective percutaneous coronary intervention is controversial. We aimed to systematically review and meta-analyse whether remote ischaemic conditioning reduces myocardial damage in those patients. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase and Web of Science from inception until December 2017 for randomised clinical trials evaluating remote ischaemic conditioning versus a control group...

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in modern medicine. Early reperfusion accomplished by primary percutaneous coronary intervention is pivotal for reducing myocardial damage in ST elevation AMI. However, restoration of coronary blood flow may paradoxically trigger cardiomyocyte death secondary to a reperfusion-induced inflammatory process, which may account for a significant proportion of the final infarct size. Unfortunately, recent human trials targeting myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury have yielded disappointing results...

BACKGROUND Periprocedural myocardial injury (PMI) is known to be a predictor of postprocedural cardiovascular morbidity and mortality following a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the correlation between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and periprocedural myocardial injury in patients following elective PCI in southern China remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of preoperative low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels with PMI in patients following elective PCI...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of Shenfu injection (SFI) against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI) in model rats and to explore its mechanism of action. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were pretreated with SFI and L-NAME via tail vein injection and then rats were subjected to ischemia by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30min followed by reperfusion for 120min. Left ventricular function was evaluated by echocardiography. Hemodynamic was measured by the Millar pressure - volume system; serum creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and serum troponin (TNNI3) levels were determined...

BACKGROUND: Prolonged breath holding results in hypoxemia and hypercapnia. Compensatory mechanisms help maintain adequate oxygen supply to hypoxia sensitive organs, but burden the cardiovascular system. The aim was to investigate human compensatory mechanisms and their effects on the cardiovascular system with regard to cardiac function and morphology, blood flow redistribution, serum biomarkers of the adrenergic system and myocardial injury markers following prolonged apnoea. METHODS: Seventeen elite apnoea divers performed maximal breath-hold during cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)...

BACKGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a potentially fatal condition, being a major cause of death worldwide. Ischemia suffered during AMI causes tissue damage, leading to an inflammatory process. Moreover, myocardial injury can generate damage-associated molecular patterns that activate pattern recognition molecules including some complement proteins. METHODS: Here we investigated products of complement activation, C3d and soluble C5b9 (sC5b9), as potential biomarkers for myocardial injury and inflammation, as well as serum cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), alpha-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP), and classical markers of myocardial necrosis (creatine kinase, creatine kinase-MB isoform, myoglobin and troponin-I) in a longitudinal study of patients with AMI (from admission, 6 h and 12 h post admission, and at discharge from hospital)...

We previously discovered that oral treatment with AC261066, a synthetic selective agonist for the retinoic acid β2-receptor (RARβ2), decreases oxidative stress in the liver, pancreas, and kidney of mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Since hyperlipidemic states are causally associated with myocardial ischemia and oxidative stress, we have now investigated the effects of AC261066 in an ex-vivo ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury model in hearts of two prototypic dysmetabolic mice. We found that a 6-week oral treatment with AC261066 in both genetically hypercholesterolemic (ApoE-/-) and obese (HFD-fed) wild-type mice exerts protective effects when their hearts are subsequently subjected to I/R ex vivo in the absence of added drug...

The cardiac fibroblast plays a central role in tissue homeostasis and in repair after injury. With aging, dysregulated cardiac fibroblasts have a reduced capacity to respond to transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and poorly differentiate into contractile myofibroblasts. That results in the formation of an insufficient scar after myocardial infarction (MI). By contrast, in the uninjured aged heart fibroblasts are activated and acquire a pro-fibrotic phenotype that leads to interstitial fibrosis, ventricular stiffness, and diastolic dysfunction, all conditions that may lead to heart failure...

Protease enzymes generated from injured cells and leukocytes are the primary cause of myocardial cell damage following ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The inhibition of protease enzyme activity via the administration of particular drugs may reduce injury and potentially save patients' lives. The aim of the current study was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of treatment with recombinant human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (rhSLPI) on in vitro and ex vivo models of myocardial I/R injury. rhSLPI was applied to isolated adult rat ventricular myocytes (ARVMs) subjected to simulated I/R and to ex vivo murine hearts prior to I/R injury...

Generally, nitric oxide (NO) is an important multi-functional cardioprotective soluble gas molecule. However, it may be detrimental when in excessive levels or combined with O2- a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-to form ONOO-. The latter will rapidly decompose to highly reactive oxidant components. ROS will be abundantly produced during the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) procedure. Therefore, an NO donor coupled with another antioxidant would be a more promising strategy for I/R treatment. In this study, we report on a novel self-assembly supramolecular hydrogel capable of constantly releasing both NO and curcumin (Cur) simultaneously, and we found that the combinational treatment of Cur and NO from the gel could efficiently reduce I/R injuries...

PURPOSE: Hypertension is an important risk factor for death resulting from stroke, myocardial infarction, and end-stage renal failure. Hydrogen (H2 ) gas protects against many diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury and stroke. The effects of H2 on hypertension and its related left ventricular (LV) function have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of H2 gas on hypertension and LV hypertrophy using echocardiography. METHODS: Dahl salt-sensitive (DS) rats were randomly divided into three groups: those fed an 8% NaCl diet until 12 weeks of age (8% NaCl group), those additionally treated with H2 gas (8% NaCl + H2 group), and control rats maintained on a diet containing 0...

The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of scoparone on ischemia‑reperfusion (I/R) injury in primary cultured cardiac myocytes and rats. An in vivo rat model of I/R injury and an in vitro primary cultured cardiac myocyte model of oxygen‑glucose deprivation/reoxygenation were used to investigate the protective effects of scoparone. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, superoxide dismutase (SOD), creatine kinase (CK) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were subsequently measured...

Apigenin, a flavonoid with multiple physiological and pharmacological activities, is associated with the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The present study aimed to examine the roles and mechanisms of apigenin in the apoptosis of H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes, which were subjected to myocardial ischemia‑reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cellular apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit‑8 assays and flow cytometry...

BACKGROUND: Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) increases the risk of cardiovascular events and deaths, which anticoagulation therapy could prevent. Dabigatran prevents perioperative venous thromboembolism, but whether this drug can prevent a broader range of vascular complications in patients with MINS is unknown. The MANAGE trial assessed the potential of dabigatran to prevent major vascular complications among such patients. METHODS: In this international, randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited patients from 84 hospitals in 19 countries...

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The association of major depressive disorder (MDD) with myocardial infarction (MI) and vice versa is not unknown. Depression, along with many other systemic factors like atherosclerosis, obesity, diabetes and vascular dysfunction, contributes to the development of adverse cardiac events in the future and, has always been a topic of interest in the fields of cardiology and psychosomatics. We wrote this review article to elaborate this relationship in detail. This article suggests that the individuals with type D personality who already had cardiovascular disease had undergone more serious myocardial damage...