P(v-a)CO2

Four weeks before competition in the 2023 Marathon des Sables, a 6-stage, ~250 km running event in the Sahara Desert, we examined the effects of a 7-day intake of New Zealand blackcurrant extract (210 mg anthocyanins per day) on 1 h treadmill running-induced physiological and metabolic responses in the heat (~34 °C, relative humidity: ~30%) in non-acclimatized amateur female and male athletes (age: 23, 38 yrs, BMI: 24.2, 28.4 kg·m-2 , body fat%: 29.2, 18.8%, V˙O2max : 50.1, 52.1 mL·kg-1 ·min-1 )...

Due to the increasing demand for energy storage devices, the development of high-energy density batteries is very necessary. Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have gained wide interest due to their particularly high-energy density. However, even this type of battery still needs to be improved. Novel Cu(II)-based metal-organic framework STAM-1 was synthesized and applied as a composite cathode material as a sulfur host in the lithium-sulfur battery with the aim of regulating the redox kinetics of sulfur cathodes...

Landfills play a key role as greenhouse gas (GHGs) emitters, and urgently need assessment and management plans development to swiftly reduce their climate impact. In this context, accurate emission measurements from landfills under different climate and management would reduce the uncertainty in emission accounting. In this study, more than one year of long-term high-frequency data of CO2 and CH4 fluxes were collected in two Italian landfills (Giugliano and Case Passerini) with contrasting management (gas recovery VS no management) using eddy covariance (EC), with the aim to i) investigate the relation between climate drivers and CO2 and CH4 fluxes at different time intervals and ii) to assess the overall GHG balances including the biogas extraction and energy recovery components...

This study aimed to evaluate effective treatment strategies for laboratory waste with an initial pH of 1.0, containing Cr6+ , Mn2+ , Co2+ , Fe3+ , Ni2+ , Cu2+ , Zn2+ , Sr2+ , Hg2+ , and Pb2+ ions, focusing on flocculation, precipitation, and adsorption techniques. The study utilized microparticles derived from Moringa oleifera seed husks (MS), cryogels of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and hybrid cryogels combining CMC and MS (CMC-MS25 and CMC-MS50) as adsorbents. The optimal strategy involved raising the pH to 7 using NH4 OH, leading to the partial precipitation of metal ions...

Ischemic preconditioning (IPC) appears to improve exercise performance although there is uncertainty about the intensity dependence of this effect. The present study sought to clarify effects of IPC on physiological responses at and below peak oxygen uptake, including the gas exchange threshold (GET). Ten male and female participants completed five cycling ramp tests (10 W/min) to failure, with the final two tests preceded by either IPC (4 × 5 min 220 mmHg bilateral leg occlusions) or SHAM (20 mmHg), in a randomised crossover design...

There is a gap in the understanding of the relationship between dietary phytate levels and the relative efficacy of phytase to improve amino acid (AA) digestibility in pigs and chickens. Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous phytase on standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of AA and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of P in both standard- (SP) and high-phytate (HP) diets for broilers and swine. There were either 40 cages of Cobb 500 male broilers or 10 crossbred barrows (35 kg) fitted with ileal T-cannulas...

In the current study, atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2 ) data covering multiple locations in the Indian subcontinent are reported. This data was collected using a dedicated ground-based in-situ network established as part of the Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (CAP-IGBP) of the Climate and Atmospheric Processes of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). Data are collected over Ponmudi, Ooty, Sriharikota, Gadanki, Shadnagar, Nagpur, and Dehradun during 2014-2015, 2017-2020, 2012, 2011-2015, 2014-2017, 2017 and 2008-2011, respectively...

Worldwide, interest in mitochondria is constantly growing, as evidenced by scientific statistics, and studies of the functioning of these organelles are becoming more prevalent than studies of other cellular structures. In this analytical review, mitochondria are conditionally placed in a certain cellular center, which is responsible for both energy production and other non-energetic functions, without which the existence of not only the eukaryotic cell itself, but also the entire organism is impossible. Taking into account the high multifunctionality of mitochondria, such a fundamentally new scheme of cell functioning organization, including mitochondrial management of processes that determine cell survival and death, may be justified...

Heteroatom doping and heterostructure construction are the key methods to improve the performance of electrocatalysts. However, developing such catalysts remains a challenging task. Herein, we designed two comparable polymers, phytic acid/thiourea polymer (PATP) and phytic acid/urea polymer (PAUP), as precursors, which contain C, N, S/O, and P by microwave heating. To pinpoint how the introduction of sulfur would affect the electronic structure and catalytic activity, these two polymers were physically blended with CoCo-Prussian blue analogue (CoCo-PBA) and further calcination, respectively...

In the quest for proficient electrocatalysts for ammonia's electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction, cobalt oxides, endowed with a rich d-electron reservoir, have emerged as frontrunners. Despite the previously evidenced prowess of CoO in this realm, its ammonia yield witnesses a pronounced decline as the reaction unfolds, a phenomenon linked to the electron attrition from its Co2+ active sites during electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). To counteract this vulnerability, we harnessed electron-laden phosphorus (P) elements as dopants, aiming to recalibrate the electronic equilibrium of the pivotal Co active site, thereby bolstering both its catalytic performance and stability...

BACKGROUND: Since there are known adverse health impacts of traffic-related air pollution, while at the same time there are potential health benefits from greenness, it is important to examine more closely the impacts of these factors on indoor air quality in urban schools. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the association of road proximity and urban greenness to indoor traffic-related fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO2 ), and black carbon (BC) in inner-city schools...

Lack of sufficient observations has been an impediment for understanding the spatial and temporal variability of sea-surface pCO2 for the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The limited number of observations into existing machine learning (ML) products from BoB often results in high prediction errors. This study develops climatological sea-surface pCO2 maps using a significant number of open and coastal ocean observations of pCO2 and associated variables regulating pCO2 variability in BoB. We employ four advanced ML algorithms to predict pCO2 ...

The review introduces the stages of formation and experimental confirmation of the hypothesis regarding the mutual potentiation of neuroprotective effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia during their combined influence (hypercapnic hypoxia). The main focus is on the mechanisms and signaling pathways involved in the formation of ischemic tolerance in the brain during intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia. Importantly, the combined effect of hypoxia and hypercapnia exerts a more pronounced neuroprotective effect compared to their separate application...

Constructing heterostructured electrocatalysts has proven effective in enhancing intrinsic catalytic activity. Herein, under guidance of theoretical calculations, hierarchical porous quasi-hexagonal Co2 P nanosheets/Co heterostructures supported on carbon cloth (Co2 P/Co/CC) with a high surface area were rationally designed and elaborately constructed through electroless Co plating, electrochemical oxidation, and phosphidation process, which showed significant electrocatalytic performance toward water electrolysis...

CO2 electrochemistry has been considered as a promising cathode reaction for energy storage due to its high theoretical energy density, high electrochemical potential, and ability to fix CO2 . However, the low efficiency and poor reversibility of Li-CO2 evolution significantly impede the applications of Li-CO2 batteries. Herein, first-principles calculations were employed to investigate the 21 M1 M2 N4 C dual-atom catalysts and explore the catalytic mechanism for the Li-CO2 evolution reaction. Among these dual-atom catalysts, the MoMoN4 C shows the highest adsorption interaction with CO2 due to its high d-center and d-p orbital coupling...

The usage of the oral contraceptive pill is widespread among athletes of various levels. However, there is limited knowledge on how the intake of the pill alters the submaximal and maximal endurance parameters between the oral contraceptive phases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine potential differences between the pill intake and withdrawal phase on endurance-related parameters in first-division handball players. In total, 15 female team handball players performed two graded exercise tests until volitional exhaustion on a motorized treadmill...

Upcycling plastic waste into valuable commodity chemicals with clean energy is an appealing strategy for mitigating environmental issues. Polylactic acid (PLA), a biodegradable plastic that is produced annually in millions of tons, can be chemically recycled to valuable products instead of being degraded to carbon dioxide. Here, we demonstrate an electrochemical reforming of PLA hydrolysate to acetate and acetonate using nickel phosphide nanosheets on nickel foam (Ni2 P/NF) as the catalyst. The Ni2 P/NF catalyst was synthesized by electrochemical deposition and phosphide treatment and showed excellent catalytic activity and ∼100% Faraday efficiency for electroreforming PLA to acetate and acetonate in an H-cell...

The role of the hypothalamic cold-sensitive ion channels - transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) in homeostatic systems of thermoregulation and water-salt balance - is not clear. The interaction of homeostatic systems of thermoregulation and water-salt balance without additional temperature load did not receive due attention, too. On the models of water-balance disturbance, we tried to elucidate some aspect of these problems. Body temperature (Tbody ), O2 consumption, CO2 excretion, electrical muscle activity (EMA), temperature of tail skin (Ttail ), plasma osmolality, as well as gene expression of hypothalamic TRPM8 and TRPA1 have been registered in rats of 3 groups: control; water-deprived (3 days under dry-eating); and hyperhydrated (6 days without dry food, drinking liquid 4 % sucrose)...

Electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to organic chemicals provides a value-added route for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. We report a family of carbon-supported Sn electrocatalysts with the tin size varying from single atom, ultrasmall clusters to nanocrystallites. High single-product Faradaic efficiency (FE) and low onset potential of CO2 conversion to acetate (FE = 90% @ -0.6 V), ethanol (FE = 92% @ -0.4 V), and formate (FE = 91% @ -0.6 V) were achieved over the catalysts of different active site dimensions...

TiO2 thin films are often used as protective layers on semiconductors for applications in photovoltaics, molecule-semiconductor hybrid photoelectrodes, and more. Experiments reported here show that TiO2 thin films on silicon are electrochemically and photoelectrochemically reduced in buffered acetonitrile at potentials relevant to photoelectrocatalysis of CO2 reduction, N2 reduction, and H2 evolution. On both n-type Si and irradiated p-type Si, TiO2 reduction is proton-coupled with a 1e- :1H+ stoichiometry, as demonstrated by the Nernstian dependence of the Ti4+/3+ E 1/2 on the buffer p K a ...