sonology

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This cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was designed to see the prevalence of NAFLD among school children of Sylhet, Bangladesh from December 2019 to January 2020. School children of three private schools of Sylhet City were randomly selected. Socio-demographic data and anthropometric measurement of them were recorded. Then they underwent screening sonologically for NAFLD. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0. P value <0.05 was taken as significant. Total 174 students, boys 99(56...

Intussusception and appendicitis share similar clinical features. However, their concurrent occurrence is exceedingly rare. Appendix involvement in intussusception must be ruled out when appendix is not visualized on high-resolution ultrasonography in cases with ileocolic intussusception. This case report describes the sonological appearance of a combination of ileocolic intussusception with concurrent acute appendicitis in a 4-year-old child.

A 30-year-old nulliparous woman was referred with suspected left ovarian ectopic pregnancy. She had undergone laparoscopic left salpingectomy for ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy 3 weeks earlier, following treatment with medications for ovulation induction. Sonological examination revealed a left ovarian ectopic pregnancy corresponding to 8 0/7 weeks with cardiac activity. She underwent ultrasound-guided intrasac therapy with intrasac instillation of 3 mEq of potassium chloride followed by 50 mg of methotrexate...

Ovarian dermoid is a common surgically treatable cause of female infertility. Although the fat component of mature cystic teratoma (MCT) appears hyperechoic on ultrasonography, sometimes it poses a diagnostic challenge to differentiate from a complex ovarian cyst / hemorrhagic cyst. The varied presentation of MCT on ultrasonography is due to varying proportions of components belonging to all three germ cell layers such as epithelium, hair, bone, tooth, and cartilage. This case report describes the high-resolution ultrasonography appearance of MCT in a 48-year-old nulliparous post-menopausal woman and provides an elaborative note on how reliable diagnostic signs of MCT on ultrasonography and prompt recognition of the entity has a favorable outcome on prognosis...

The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of ultrasonography performed by gynecological oncologists for the preoperative assessment of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) spread in the pelvis and abdominal cavity. A prospective, observational cohort study was performed at a single tertiary cancer care unit. Patients with suspected EOC were recruited and underwent comprehensive transvaginal and abdominal ultrasonography performed by a gynecological oncologist. Sixteen intra-abdominal localizations and parameters were assessed using ultrasonography and compared with surgical-pathological status (reference standard)...

In recent years, the incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing worldwide, which is believed to be mainly due to the widespread use of imaging examinations, such as ultrasonography. In this context, ultrasonography has become increasingly important because it can evaluate not only the presence or absence of nodules, but also the detailed characteristics of the nodule, making it possible to diagnose benign or malignant nodules before cytology is performed. In Japan, the third edition of the sonographic diagnostic criteria for thyroid nodules is currently widely used, and its content is similar to that of recent meta-analyses and guidelines from medical societies in other countries...

The usefulness of color Doppler ultrasound (CD) in distinguishing between benign and malignant breast lesions remains controversial. Our prior study, the Japan Association of Breast and Thyroid Sonology (JABTS) BC-04 study (malignant: 839, benign: 569), found CD was useful in breast cancer diagnosis, and we developed CD diagnostic criteria. The first aim of the current study (the CD-CONFIRM study) was to evaluate the usefulness of the CD diagnostic criteria. The second aim was to evaluate the relationship between CD and elastography...

Context: Assessment of peripheral nerves in leprosy by clinical methods is subject to considerable inter-observer variability. High resolution ultrasonography (HRUS) can assess peripheral nerves more objectively. Aims: To compare the findings of peripheral nerve involvement in newly diagnosed cases of leprosy by clinical and sonological methods. Settings and Design: Cross sectional study in a tertiary care teaching hospital. Subjects and Methods: Four pairs of peripheral nerves of 40 newly diagnosed patients with leprosy were examined clinically and by HRUS...

Multifocal enlargements with the alteration of a normal fascicular pattern are considered to be sonographic peripheral nerve features in multifocal acquired demyelinating sensory and motor neuropathy (MADSAM), a subtype of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). We herein present the case of an 18-year-old patient with MADSAM in whom intensive sonological assessments revealed multifocal nerve enlargement within clinically affected cranial nerves. Our case demonstrated that, if systematically investigated with ultrasound, morphological changes similar to those in the peripheral nerves may be detected in a large proportion of clinically affected cranial nerves in MADSAM, boosting the future applications of cranial nerve ultrasound in CIDP...

Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency that classically presents with right lower abdominal pain and tenderness on palpation. The diagnosis is often based on clinical examination in order to avoid the complications of surgery delay, yielding a high rate of negative appendectomies. Ultrasonography is a regularly used modality for establishing the diagnosis, whereas abdominal computed tomography (CT) is often used in sonologically equivocal cases. Other parameters include total leukocyte count, granulocytes, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocyte elastase activity, D-lactate, phospholipase A2, and interleukin-6 (IL-6)...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Background Fetal weight estimation plays a significant role in the antenatal management of high risk pregnancies. It is also an important parameter for predicting the neonatal outcome and informs decision for the mode of intra-partum management of the pregnant women. Among the various methods of prenatal fetal weight estimation, the most commonly used are clinical estimation and sonography. Objective The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of clinical estimation of fetal weight using Johnson's formula and sonographic estimation with actual birth weight...

Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is the most severe histological form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). It progress to cirrhosis in 20% population and 40% will have death due to liver pathology. Still consensus on pharmacotherapy is yet to be evolved and till date there is no US FDA approved drug for NASH. Ayurveda formulation Katukyadi churna is explored in the possible management of NASH. Study is a single arm with pre and post test design. Sonologically diagnosed patients of fatty liver (n = 30) were screened...

BACKGROUND: The presence of intra-abdominal calcification in the pediatric population can be due to a wide range of conditions. Calcification in the abdomen can be seen in normal or abnormal anatomical structures. In some patients, abnormal calcification points towards the pathology; whereas in others, calcification itself is the pathology. After a thorough history and clinical examination, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) would complement the assessment of acute abdominal pain, based on the list of differentials generated as per the abdominal region...

Infants may develop congenital tuberculosis from an infectious mother or acquire the disease postnatally by contact with an infectious adult. Delayed diagnosis is common, especially in infants under 1 year of age, and, if unrecognised, there is an increased risk of death. A 2.5-month-old boy presented with respiratory distress, small inhomogeneous opacities in both lungs and hepatosplenomegaly mimicking sepsis. He had received BCG vaccination and there was no history of contact with tuberculosis (TB). He had had fever since 1 month of age for which there had been several outpatient visits...

The numbers of abnormal findings incidentally detected in adjacent regions are increasing with advances in imaging modalities. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence and characteristics of incidental findings in the thyroid gland on computed tomography (CT) images of the oral and maxillofacial region. CT scans of the oral and maxillofacial region in patients obtained between January 2012 and December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed. Images that revealed incidental findings in the thyroid gland, including nodules, were recorded, together with the sizes and characteristics of the findings...

PURPOSE: Although the number of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) cases has increased with the spread of breast cancer screening in Japan, there are very few reports that summarize ultrasound image features of DCIS. The Japan Association of Breast and Thyroid Sonology (JABTS) investigated the incidence of DCIS with masses and non-mass abnormalities and the characteristics of US images in a retrospective, multicenter, observational study (JABTS BC-02 study). The purpose of this report is to clarify the proportion of DCIS with abnormalities of the ducts with each ultrasound finding and the characteristics of US images...

The purpose of this study was to develop a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for the classification of malignant and benign masses in the breast using ultrasonography based on a convolutional neural network (CNN), a state-of-the-art deep learning technique. We explored the regions for the correct classification by generating a heat map that presented the important regions used by the CNN for human malignancy/benign classification. Clinical data was obtained from a large-scale clinical trial previously conducted by the Japan Association of Breast and Thyroid Sonology...

Background: Recent outbreaks of highly contagious diseases have prompted hospital departments to adopt preventive hygiene protocols. Use of shared equipment, including ultrasound transducers and coupling gels, potentially exposes patients to these microbes. Inexpensive means of microbicide fortification of plain/non-sterile ultrasound gel may be useful in interrupting nosocomial infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of low-cost antimicrobial fortification of ultrasound coupling gel in preventing nosocomial infections during ultrasound examinations...