Late Menarche

BACKGROUND: The breast cancer is common cancer in women globally. The risk of breast cancer is strongly associated with women's menstrual and reproductive factors that have been established in different countries. Therefore present study was aim to explore the association between menstrual and reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer screening in Indian women. METHODS: The present study data has been used fifth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-V) with 724,115 women in aged 15-49 in 2019-21...

Introduction Vaginal discharge (VD) is a common condition that affects women during their childbearing years and often requires medical attention. It results from the physiological secretion of cervical and Bartholin's glands, as well as the shedding of vaginal epithelial cells caused by bacterial action in the vagina, which alters the acidic environment of the vagina. Experiencing vaginal symptoms is a common reason for seeking medical attention, especially among women during their reproductive years...

SETTING: Although age at menopause has been linked to higher risk of physical frailty in later life, little is known about other reproductive factors. OBJECTIVES: Our study aimed to investigate the associations between 1) age at menarche, 2) age at natural menopause, 3) duration of reproductive period, 4) number of children, 5) use of oral contraceptives (OCP), and 6) use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with the risk of physical frailty in late life. DESIGN: We used data from 5934 women of the Singapore Chinese Health Study who experienced natural menopause, and participated in the third follow-up interviews when physical frailty was assessed...

BACKGROUND: The diagnostic criteria and phenotypes in polycystic ovary syndrome are heterogeneous. Currently, it is unclear how to assess a patient's prognosis based on the onset time of menstruation disturbance. Evidence on this topic is scarce and has mainly focused on menstrual patterns. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the association between the onset time of menstrual disturbance and clinical features and in vitro fertilization pregnancy outcomes in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To characterize typical menstrual cycle characteristics in adolescents and determine how these differ with age at menarche or years since menarche (gynecologic age). METHODS: We surveyed 13-18-year-old U.S. users of the Clue app (N=6,486) and linked their responses to app-recorded cycle data (N=38,916 cycles). We analyzed cycle characteristics including cycle length, cycle variability, period length, experience of heavy flow, and dysmenorrhea in relation to gynecologic age and menarcheal age using mixed effects models...

INTRODUCTION: The potential influence of age at menarche (AM) on cognitive aging remains inadequate, partly because of the difficulties presented by multiple confounders. To address this issue, the Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to explore the causal impacts of AM on cognitive aging. METHODS: Using the publicly accessible Taiwan Biobank, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with AM as instrumental variables to estimate the effects of instruments on cognitive function assessed with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)...

BACKGROUND: Age at menarche, reproductive lifespan, and age at menopause are associated with several cardiovascular diseases, but their relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF) is uncertain. METHODS: We linked information on all women who participated in the third survey of the population-based, longitudinal HUNT study in Norway with medical records from all local hospitals. A total of 14,632 women aged 60 or more were followed for validated incident AF. We retrieved age at menarche and age at menopause from the HUNT questionnaires...

PURPOSE: Ovarian carcinoma (OC) is ranked as the eighth most lethal gynecological cancer due to late diagnosis and high recurrence. Existing biomarkers are lacking to predict the recurrence and stratify patients who are likely to benefit from chemotherapy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are persistently present in humans and are capable of predicting treatment outcomes. Thus, the purpose of the study was to assess the potential of circulatory miRNAs to predict the efficacy of OC. METHODS: Newly diagnosed n = 208 OC patients were administrated neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy (taxane + platinum) after surgery...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of menstrual disorders and the perceived effect of menstrual cycles upon performance in elite athletes. METHODOLOGY: A longitudinal survey in the form of a questionnaire was sent to female track and field athletes at British Athletics every 6 months, over a five-year period between 1st October 2014 and 1st October 2019 in the United Kingdom (UK). RESULTS: 128 athletes completed an average of 4.2 ± 2...

Age at menarche is not only a parameter that signifies biological characteristics for women but is also considered as an indicator to measure the quality of life of a population. Moreover, menarche has significant implications on women's health and information about menarcheal age is crucial for health policymakers. However, little is known about the trends in menarcheal age in India. Thus, in order to fill this research gap, the present study aimed to explore the age at menarche, its trend and regional heterogeneity among Indian women...

It is well known that both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are related to increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, besides these prominently presented complications, DM has also been associated with reproductive dysfunctions. It seems that these disorders are met in up to 40% of women with DM and consist of delayed menarche, all types of menstrual disorders, such as amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, menstrual irregularity, as well as menorrhagia, infertility, characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and early (or rarely late) menopause...

STUDY QUESTION: Is age at menarche associated with fecundability? SUMMARY ANSWER: Both early (<11 years) and late (>15 years) menarche is associated with decreased fecundability. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY: Previous studies on age at menarche and fecundability have been inconclusive. Women with early or late menarche are at increased risks of gynaecological and autoimmune diseases that may affect their ability to conceive. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION: We conducted a retrospective cohort study including 67 613 pregnant women, participating in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study between 1999 and 2008, with self-reported information on age at menarche and time to pregnancy...

BACKGROUND: Endometriosis (EMs) is a chronic and progressive disease that, if diagnosed late, can lead to infertility and deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). Dysmenorrhea is the most prominent symptom of EMs. However, limited research exists on the specific correlation between dysmenorrhea patterns and EMs. Early prevention of EMs is essential to effectively manage the progression of the disease, and is best detected during adolescence. Our objective was to associate the development of EMs with dysmenorrhea patterns during adolescence and quantify the risk of adult EMs for adolescent girls, with the aim of supporting primary intervention strategy planning...

Background There is no sound evidence for the association of blood groups with the risk of endometriosis, and no studies from Saudi Arabia have examined this association. Therefore, the primary aim was to determine whether there is an association between the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups and the incidence of endometriosis in a cohort from Saudi Arabia and also to evaluate the potential risk factors related to endometriosis among the population.  Methods This case-control study included women diagnosed with endometriosis (n = 44) who presented to King Abdulaziz University Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, between 2010 and 2021...

Infertility is a frequent late effect of cancer treatment that significantly affects cancer survivors' quality of life. In recent years, with advances in oncofertility, the number of children with cancer receiving fertility preservation therapy has increased. However, specific challenges exist in pediatric cancer patients. First, fertility preservation therapy for children with cancer relies significantly on their age and sex. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation is possible until puberty in females, and after menarche, the ovarian tissues and oocytes can be preserved...

While a peak incidence of psoriasis in women around 60 years of age has been observed, the link between reproductive lifespan and late-onset psoriatic diseases is underexplored. The current study aims to elucidate the association between reproductive lifespan and the risk of late-onset psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Utilizing the UK Biobank data, we conducted a prospective cohort study in postmenopausal women without baseline psoriatic diseases. The exposure variables included age at natural menopause (ANM) and duration from menarche to menopause, termed reproductive years (RYs)...

INTRODUCTION: In Kenya, patients with breast cancer predominantly present with late-stage disease and experience poor outcomes. To promote early-stage diagnosis, we implemented the Academic Model Providing Access to Healthcare (AMPATH) Breast and Cervical Cancer Control Program (ABCCCP) in Western Kenya. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess differences between patients presenting to health facilities and health fairs. METHODS: This was an institutional Review and Ethics Commitee-approved retrospective cohort study of all individuals who underwent clinical breast examination (CBE) via local healthcare workers in Western Kenya...

BACKGROUND: Sex difference exists in the prevalence of dementia and cognitive decline. The impacts of sex-specific reproductive risk factors across the lifespan on the risk of dementia or cognitive decline are still unclear. Herein, we conducted this systemic review and meta-analysis to finely depict the longitudinal associations between sex-specific reproductive factors and dementia or cognitive decline. METHODS: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2023...

The potential for repeated ovulation and menstruation is thought to have provided a Darwinian advantage during the Palaeolithic. Reproductive conditions remained relatively stable until the pre-industrial era, characterized by late menarche, very young age at first birth, multiple pregnancies, and prolonged periods of lactational amenorrhoea. For hundreds of thousands of years, menstruators experienced few ovulatory cycles, even though they were genetically adapted to ovulate and menstruate every month. In the post-industrial era, the age at menarche gradually declined, the age at first birth progressively increased, and breastfeeding became optional and often of short duration...

PURPOSE: We explored the alternative of using overnight fold change in gonadotropin levels by comparing the last-night-voided (LNV) and first-morning-voided (FMV) urine concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) as a conceptual analogy to the invasive gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulation test setting. METHODS: We investigated the nocturnal changes in the immunoreactivity levels of urinary gonadotropins between early and late prepubertal stages as well as between early and late pubertal stages in FMV and LNV urine samples from 30 girls, of whom those who were prepubertal were further investigated through follow-up visits within the 1-year period from the start of the study...