Oxygen consumption

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly aggressive, heterogeneous tumour usually caused by alcohol and tobacco consumption, making it one of the most common malignancies worldwide. Despite the fact that various therapeutic approaches such as surgery, radiation therapy (RT), chemotherapy (CT) and targeted therapy have been widely used for HNSCC in recent years, its recurrence rate and mortality rate remain high. RT is the standard treatment choice for HNSCC, which induces reactive oxygen species production and causes oxidative stress, ultimately leading to tumour cell death...

Urban surface water pollution poses significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. Conventional nitrogen removal technologies used in urban surface water exhibit drawbacks such as high consumption of carbon sources, high sludge production, and focus on dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration while neglecting the impact of DO gradients. Here, we show an ecological filter walls (EFW) that removes pollutants from urban surface water. We utilized a polymer-based three-dimensional matrix to enhance water permeability, and emergent plants were integrated into the EFW to facilitate biofilm formation...

Data from three experiments was analyzed to determine the number of visits and days to assess gas flux (CH4 , CO2 , and O2 ), dry matter intake (DMI), and average daily gain (ADG) from growing animals under confined conditions. In experiment 1, 213 animals (461 ± 91 kg initial body weight [BW]) were fed a backgrounding diet and evaluated for 60 d. In experiment 2, 169 steers (488 ± 37 kg initial BW) were fed a finishing diet and assessed for 70 d. In experiment 3, 64 steers (514 ± 42 kg initial BW) were fed a finishing diet and evaluated for 80 d...

AIMS: The study aims to investigate exercise-limiting factors in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) using combined stress echocardiography and cardiopulmonary exercise test. METHODS AND RESULTS: A symptom-limited ramp bicycle exercise test was performed in the semi-supine position on a tilting dedicated ergometer. Echocardiographic images were obtained concurrently with gas exchange measurements along predefined stages of exercise. Oxygen extraction was calculated using the Fick equation at each activity level...

Three-dimensional (3D)-cultured cells have attracted the attention of researchers in tissue engineering- and drug screening-related fields. Among them, 3D cellular fibers have attracted significant attention because they can be stacked to prepare more complex tissues and organs. Cellular fibers are widely fabricated using extrusion 3D bioprinters. For these applications, it is necessary to evaluate cellular activities, such as the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), which is one of the major metabolic activities...

The integration of high-rate activated sludge (HRAS), an effective carbon redirection technology, with partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) is a novel AB treatment process for municipal wastewater. In this study, an airlift HRAS reactor was operated in the continuous inflow mode for 200 d at a wastewater treatment plant. The balance between potential PN/A system stability and peak HRAS performance under decreasing hydraulic retention time (HRT) was optimized. Energy consumption and recovery and CO2 emissions were calculated...

BACKGROUND: Phospholipid scramblase 1 (PLSCR1) is a calcium-dependent endofacial plasma-membrane protein that plays an essential role in multiple human cancers. However, little is known about its role in glioma. This study aimed to investigate PLSCR1 function in glioma, and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS: PLSCR1 expression in human glioma cell lines (U87MG, U251, LN229, A172 and T98G) and human astrocytes was detected by western blot and qRT-PCR...

Metabolic subtypes of glioblastoma have different prognoses and responses to treatment. Deuterium metabolic imaging with 2H-labeled substrates is a potential approach to stratify patients into metabolic subtypes for targeted treatment. Here, we used 2H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) measurements of [6,6'-2H2]glucose metabolism to identify metabolic subtypes and their responses to chemoradiotherapy in patient-derived glioblastoma xenografts in vivo. The metabolism of patient-derived cells was first characterized in vitro by measuring the oxygen consumption rate, a marker of mitochondrial TCA cycle activity, as well as the extracellular acidification rate and 2H-labeled lactate production from [6,6'-2H2]glucose, which are markers of glycolytic activity...

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a complex cardiac condition characterized by hypercontractility of cardiac muscle leading to a dynamic obstruction of left ventricular outlet tract (LVOT). Mavacamten, a first-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor, is increasingly being studied in randomized controlled trials. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to analyse the efficacy and safety profile of Mavacamten compared to placebo in patients of HCM. METHOD: We carried out a comprehensive search in PubMed, Cochrane, and clinicaltrials...

Respirometry is a technique for studying mitochondrial function that has proven compatibility with ≥0.5 mg of brain tissue. Here, we present a protocol for assessing oxygen consumption and H2 O2 production rates in hippocampal tissue using the Oroboros O2k system. We describe steps for brain harvesting, tissue preparation, hippocampal microdissection, and respirometry assays. This approach has been valuable to study the metabolism of dentate granule cells of the hippocampus and could be applicable to other brain subregions...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) constitutes an important etiology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) or heart failure with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF). Since patients with CA show early exhaustion, we aimed to investigate whether non-exertional variables of cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) provide additional information in comparison to traditional peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak ). RECENT FINDINGS: We retrospectively investigated CPET variables of patients with HFpEF and HFmrEF with (n = 21) and without (n = 21, HF) CA at comparable age and ejection fraction...

Hypoxia is a state characterized by low concentration of Oxygen. Hypoxic state is often found in the central region of solid tumors. Hypoxia is associated with abnormal neovascularization resulted in poor blood flow in tissues and increased proliferation of tumor cells, imbalance between O2 supply and O2 consumption in tumor cells, high concentration of proton and strong reducibility. And, these abnormalities enhance the survival potency of the hypoxic tumours and increase the resistance towards chemotherapy and radiotherapy...

Mitochondrial dysfunction increasingly becomes a target for promoting healthy aging and longevity. The dysfunction of mitochondria with age ultimately leads to a decline in physical functions. Among them, biogenesis dysfunction and the imbalances in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria as signaling organelles in the aging process have aroused our attention. Dietary intervention in mitochondrial dysfunction and physical decline during aging processes is essential, and greater attention should be directed toward healthful legume intake...

The hypoxic tumor microenvironment (TME) of osteosarcoma (OS) is the Achilles' heel of oxygen-dependent photodynamic therapy (PDT), and tremendous challenges are confronted to reverse the hypoxia. Herein, we proposed a "reducing expenditure of O2 and broadening sources" dual-strategy and constructed ultrasmall IrO2 @BSA-ATO nanogenerators (NGs) for decreasing the O2 -consumption and elevating the O2 -supply simultaneously. As O2 NGs, the intrinsic catalase (CAT) activity could precisely decompose the overexpressed H2 O2 to produce O2 in situ, enabling exogenous O2 infusion...

Targeting cancer metabolism to limit cellular energy and metabolite production is an attractive therapeutic approach. Here, we developed analogs of the bisbiguanide, alexidine, to target lung cancer cell metabolism and assess a structure-activity relationship (SAR). The SAR led to the identification of two analogs, AX-4 and AX-7, that limit cell growth via G1/G0 cell-cycle arrest and are tolerated in vivo with favorable pharmacokinetics. Mechanistic evaluation revealed that AX-4 and AX-7 induce potent mitochondrial defects; mitochondrial cristae were deformed and the mitochondrial membrane potential was depolarized...

BACKGROUND: Sympathetic activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis can ameliorate obesity and related metabolic abnormalities. However, crucial subtypes of the β-adrenergic receptor (AR), as well as effects of its genetic variants on functions of BAT, remains unclear in humans. We conducted association analyses of genes encoding β-ARs and BAT activity in human adults. METHODS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in β1-, β2-, and β3-AR genes (ADRB1, ADRB2, and ADRB3) were tested for the association with BAT activity under mild cold exposure (19 °C, 2 h) in 399 healthy Japanese adults...

In many tumors pronounced extracellular acidosis resulting from glycolytic metabolism is found. Since several environmental stress factors affect the mitochondrial activity the aim of the study was to analyze the impact of acidosis on cellular oxygen consumption and which signaling pathways may be involved in the regulation. In two tumor cell lines and normal fibroblasts cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and mitochondrial function were measured after 3 h at pH 6.6. Besides the activation of ERK1/2, p38 and PI3K signaling in the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartment, the mitochondrial structure and proteins related to mitochondria fission were analyzed...

Purpose: Continuous exposure to ionizing radiation at a low dose rate poses significant health risks to humans on deep space missions, prompting the need for mechanistic studies to identify countermeasures against its deleterious effects. Mitochondria are a major subcellular locus of radiogenic injury, and may trigger secondary cellular responses through the production of reactive oxygen species (mtROS) with broader biological implications. Methods and Materials: To determine the contribution of mtROS to radiation-induced cellular responses, we investigated the impacts of protracted γ-ray exposures (IR; 1...

BACKGROUND: Research into esports suggests that e'athletes experience physiological stressors and demands during competition and training. The physiological demands of esports are poorly understood and need to be investigated further to inform future training guidelines, optimise performance outcomes, and manage e'athlete wellbeing. This research aimed to quantify the metabolic rate of esports gameplay and compare this outcome with heart rate variability within expert e'athletes. RESULTS: Thirteen healthy male participants ranked within the top 10% of their respective esports title participated in the study (age = 20...

This study evaluated the anesthetic and sedative effects of the essential oil of Zingiber officinale (EOZO) on juvenile pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Experiment 1 evaluated concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg L-1 EOZO for times of induction and recovery from anesthesia. Furthermore, hematological responses and residual components of EOZO in plasma were determined immediately after anesthesia. Experiment 2 evaluated the effect of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mg L-1 EOZO on water quality, blood variables and residual components of EOZO in plasma and tissues (muscle and liver) immediately after 2 h of transport...