cholelithiasis pregnancy

Liver diseases in pregnancy can be specific to gestation or only coincidental. In the latter case, the diagnosis can be difficult. Rapid diagnosis of maternal-fetal emergencies and situations requiring specialized interventions are crucial to preserve the maternal liver and guarantee materno-fetal survival. While detailed questioning of the patient and a clinical examination are highly important, imaging is often essential to reach a diagnosis of these liver diseases and lesions. Three groups of liver diseases may be observed during pregnancy: (1) diseases related to pregnancy: intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, and acute fatty liver of pregnancy; (2) liver diseases that are more frequent during or exacerbated by pregnancy: acute herpes simplex hepatitis, Budd-Chiari syndrome, hemorrhagic hereditary telangiectasia, hepatocellular adenoma, portal vein thrombosis, and cholelithiasis; (3) coincidental conditions, including acute hepatitis, incidental focal liver lesions, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver abscesses and parasitosis, and liver transplantation...

A common cause of gastrointestinal-related hospitalizations in the United States of America is acute pancreatitis (AP), with an annual incidence of up to 80 cases per 100,000 people. The incidence of AP in pregnancy varies and is approximately 1 in 1000 to 1 in 10,000 births due to the prevalence of obesity and gallstone-related conditions. Deciding on the timing of surgical intervention in acute biliary pancreatitis during pregnancy remains challenging, and there are no consensus recommendations. Gallstone pancreatitis has a high recurrence rate of up to 50% during the first trimester...

Acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is a rare condition. Acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia in a case of diabetic ketoacidosis is also a very rare condition with a very high mortality rate. Here, we report a case of a 34-week pregnancy with pregnancy-induced hypertension, diabetic ketoacidosis, and hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis with underlying gallstone disease, which might have contributed to the etiology of pancreatitis. There is no report of such a case in the available literature...

OBJECTIVE: To present the treatment of choice and approach in pregnant and postpartum women with a diagnosis of gallstones in Mexico and to compare it with the recommendations of international guidelines. METHOD: Observational, descriptive, and retrospective study based on information from the 2019 Dynamic Cubes database of pregnant women diagnosed with cholecystitis and/or cholelithiasis who had undergone cholecystectomy. RESULTS: During 2019, 937 patients with cholelithiasis and cholecystitis were registered, 516 (55%) pregnant and 421 (45%) in puerperium...

BACKGROUNDS/AIMS: Acute cholecystitis is a rare condition in pregnant women, potentially affecting the maternal and fetal prognosis. Our aim was to report the main clinical and paraclinical features of acute cholecystitis during pregnancy and therapeutic modalities. METHODS: We conducted a case series analysis recording pregnant patients with acute cholecystitis admitted to our surgery department over a period of 11 years. We collected clinical data, paraclinical features, and management modalities related to cholecystitis...

Cholelithiasis has a major impact on global health and affects an average of 20% of the Western population. The main risk factors are females, age over 40 years, obesity and pregnancy. Most of the time it is asymptomatic, but when there are symptoms, they are generally nonspecific. Bile was considered sterile, but today it is known that it contains a complex bacterial flora, which causes biofilm in the gallbladder and gallstones. Among the main bacteria associated with cholelithiasis are Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , species of Enterococcus spp...

BACKGROUND: ABCB4 gene (OMIM *171060) variant is associated with a wide clinical spectrum of hepatobiliary diseases, including familial intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP), progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 3 (PFIC3), and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia due to impaired protection of the bile duct. The majority of reported cases, however, were missense or nonsense variants, with few deletion variant findings in the Chinese population. METHOD: We performed whole genome sequencing and confirmed it with Sanger sequencing of the proband infant and his families...

Fetal biliary lithiasis is a benign condition characterized by the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder of a developing fetus. It is typically detected incidentally during a routine obstetric echography. The incidence of this condition varies from 0.03% to 2.3%. In most cases, fetal cholelithiasis resolves spontaneously and has an excellent prognosis. However, there are certain risk factors that may contribute to its development. Maternal factors that increase the risk of fetal cholelithiasis include placental abruption, elevated estrogen levels, narcotic use, diabetes, enteral nutrition, and specific medications, such as ceftriaxone, furosemide, and prostaglandin E2...

BACKGROUND: Gallstone disease is the second most common non-gynecological disease that may require surgical intervention during pregnancy. This study investigates the global prevalence of gallstones in pregnancy through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies that reported the global prevalence of gallstones in pregnancy was conducted. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were searched for studies published up to September 2022...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Gallstones are one of the most common and costly diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and occur when a combination of deposits consisting of fat or minerals accumulate in the gallbladder or common bile duct (CBD). This paper provides a comprehensive review of gallstone epidemiology, diagnosis, and management, focusing on current clinical guidelines and evidence-based approaches. METHODS: A systematic literature review gathered information from various sources, including PubMed, Trip, Google Scholar, Clinical Key, and reputable medical association websites...

Independent studies have associated laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and pregnancy with a higher incidence of gallstones, especially in Hispanic populations. However, the synergistic impact of these risk factors is currently unknown. We present the case of a 42-year-old Hispanic woman who initially identified intermittent upper right abdominal pain, which worsened over the last four days before the presentation. Abdominal ultrasound indicated hepatic steatosis, hepatomegaly, and cholelithiasis. A hydropic gallbladder with numerous gallstones, surrounding pericholecystic inflammatory changes, and mild intra-abdominal and pelvic ascites was confirmed by computed tomography...

The prevalence of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy is low; similarly to the non-pregnant population, the outcome varies from mild to fatal forms. Occurrence of the disease in pregnancy is mostly in the third trimester or the postpartum period. The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is cholelithiasis but hypertriglyceridemia, fatty diet, obesity and alcohol consumption are further predisposing factors. A 27-year-old twin-pregnant woman developed acute severe pain 2 days after a cesarean section. Labor tests showed elevated amylase (1080 U/L) and lipase (2670 U/L) serum levels...

Acute abdominal pain, defined as nontraumatic abdominal pain lasting fewer than seven days, is a common presenting concern with a broad differential diagnosis. The most common causes are gastroenteritis and nonspecific abdominal pain, followed by cholelithiasis, urolithiasis, diverticulitis, and appendicitis. Extra-abdominal causes such as respiratory infections and abdominal wall pain should be considered. Pain location, history, and examination findings help guide the workup after ensuring hemodynamic stability...

A 36-year-old female at 36 weeks' gestation presented with right upper quadrant abdominal pain. She had no prior surgeries. Her pregnancy had been uncomplicated up until her presentation. Abdominal ultrasound was negative for cholecystitis or cholelithiasis, and the appendix was not visualized. During the second day of her hospital course, an abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed revealing dilated small intestine with air-fluid levels and an inverted-appearing, prominent cecum. She was urgently taken to the operating room for cesarean section followed by abdominal exploration...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Gallbladder agenesis (GA) is a rare congenital anomaly. It results from failure of the formation of gallbladder primordium from the bile duct. This cohort of patients can present with symptoms of biliary colic and get misdiagnosed as cholecystitis or cholelithiasis. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we discuss a case of gallbladder agenesis presenting with symptoms of typical biliary colics in a 31 year old female patient during her second pregnancy...

BACKGROUND: Although a number of health outcomes such as CVDs, metabolic-related outcomes, neurological disorders, pregnancy outcomes, and cancers have been identified in relation to B vitamins, evidence is of uneven quality and volume, and there is uncertainty about putative causal relationships. OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of B vitamins and homocysteine on a wide range of health outcomes based on a large biorepository linking biological samples and electronic medical records...

PURPOSE: To investigate additional potential clinical risk factors for preeclampsia. METHODS: This is a nested case-control study of preeclampsia and unaffected pregnancies. Cases were either from a prenatal screening database or from a national network of clinicians, and controls were from the same prenatal source. Preeclampsia was defined by international criteria which were endorsed by the Ukraine Ministry of Health. Questionnaires were used to record a range of pregnancy related factors, personal history of health conditions and family history, followed by a telephone interview to collect more details...

We report long-term follow-up of a patient who underwent a tailored laparoscopic procedure for symptomatic cholelithiasis, massive splenomegaly, and a planned pregnancy. There were no complications, and the patient remained symptom-free at the 5-year follow-up. We supplemented our case report with national surgical data demonstrating the safety of laparoscopic splenectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Common bile duct (CBD) injury is the most serious complication of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy (LapC). Nonetheless, complications of LapC as a treatment for CBD injury are rare in pregnancy. There have been no published case reports regarding complications of CBD injury in gravida patients and their management. CASE PRESENTATION: We reported a 32-year-old primiparous woman with CBD injury following open conversion of LapC in 14-15 weeks of pregnancy with enterocutaneous fistula complications...

Acute and chronic pancreatitis, until recently observed incidentally in pregnancy, has occurred much more frequently in the last 2-3 decades. Particularly severe complications for the mother and fetus may be a consequence of acute pancreatitis. Therefore, it is important to know more about the diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities of pancreatic diseases in the course of pregnancy. Epidemiology, causes, clinical characteristics, differential diagnosis, and complex management are presented in this review. Particular emphasis is on the prevention of acute pancreatitis (AP) through the proper diagnosis and treatment of cholelithiasis and hypertriglyceridemia, both before and during pregnancy...