Sialyl lewis tumor

BACKGROUND: Combining multiple tumor markers increases sensitivity for lung cancer diagnosis in the cost of false positive. However, some would like to check as many as tumor markers in the fear of missing cancer. We though to propose a panel of fewer tumor markers for lung cancer diagnosis. METHODS: Patients with suspected lung cancer who simultaneously underwent all six tests [carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin-19 fragment (CYFRA), squamous cell carcinoma-associated antigen (SCC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), and sialyl Lewis-X antigen (SLX)] were included...

BACKGROUND: CA 19-9 is a commonly assessed tumor marker, considered characteristic of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and biliary tract cancers; however, the positive predictive value of CA 19.9 is too low, and the usage of CA 19.9 as a screening tool in the healthy population remains controversial. METHODS: The presented case illustrates a reversed diagnosis of highly elevated serum CA 19-9 levels in a 54-year-old female complaining of pain in the epigastric region, shortly after COVID-19 vaccination...

BACKGROUND: Appropriate re-evaluation after neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) is important for optimal treatment selection. Nonetheless, determining the operative eligibility of patients with a modest radiologic response remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the prognostic significance of biologic factors for patients showing a modest radiologic response to NAT and investigate the tumor markers (TMs), CA19-9 alone, DUPAN-II alone, and their combination, to create an index that combines these sialyl-Lewis antigen-related TMs associated with treatment outcomes...

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BACKGROUND: The anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (termed aPD-L1) immune checkpoint blockade therapy has emerged as a promising treatment approach for various advanced solid tumors. However, the effect of aPD-L1 inhibitors limited by the tumor microenvironment makes most patients exhibit immunotherapy resistance. METHODS: We conjugated the Sialyl Lewis X with a polyethylene glycol-coated ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide (USPIO-PEG) to form UPS nanoparticles (USPIO-PEG-SLex , termed UPS)...

Cancer pathogenesis is strongly linked to the qualitative and quantitative alteration of the cell surface glycans, that are glycosidically linked to proteins and lipids. Glycans that are covalently linked to the polypeptide backbone of a protein through nitrogen or oxygen, are known as N-glycans or O-glycans, respectively. Although the role of glycans in the expression, physiology, and communication of cells is well documented, the function of these glycans in tumor biology is not fully elucidated. In this context, current review summarizes biosynthesis, modifications and pathological implications of O-glycans The review also highlights illustrative examples of cancer types modulated by aberrant O-glycosylation...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by synovial tissue inflammation, substantially impacting the quality of life of patients. The interaction between L-selectin and its glycoprotein ligands modified with 6-sulfo sialyl Lewis x (6-sulfo sLex ) is known to mediate lymphocyte homing to initiate immune responses. Thus, this process could be a potential therapeutic target for RA. Herein, we explored the preventive effects of an anti-6-sulfo sLex monoclonal antibody (mAb), SF1, on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice...

One critical step of metastasis formation is the extravasation of circulating tumor cells from the bloodstream. This process requires the dynamic interaction of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) like E-selectin on endothelial cells (ECs) with carbohydrate ligands on tumor cells (TCs). To characterize these glycans in a comprehensible approach, the rolling, tethering and firm adhesion of nine human TC lines on human umbilical vein ECs was analyzed using laminar flow adhesion assays. The TC lines were grouped into three subsets by their canonical E-selectin ligand status (sialyl-Lewis A and X (sLeA/X) +/+, -/+, -/-) and their adhesiveness was compared after enzymatic, pharmacologic, chemical treatment or antibody blockade of the TCs or ECs, respectively...

Previously, we showed in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) model that a liposome formulation of melphalan lipophilic prodrug (MlphDG) decorated with selectin ligand tetrasaccharide Sialyl Lewis X (SiaLeX ) undergoes specific uptake by activated cells and in an in vivo tumor model causes a severe antivascular effect. Here, we cultured HUVECs in a microfluidic chip and then applied the liposome formulations to study their interactions with the cells in situ under hydrodynamic conditions close to capillary blood flow using confocal fluorescent microscopy...

Sialyl Lewis X (sLex ) antigen is a fucosylated cell-surface glycan that is normally involved in cell-cell interactions. The enhanced expression of sLex on cell surface glycans, which is attributed to the upregulation of fucosyltransferase 6 (FUT6), has been implicated in facilitating metastasis in human colorectal, lung, prostate, and oral cancers. The role that the upregulated FUT6 plays in the progression of tumor to malignancy, with reduced survival rates, makes it a potential target for anticancer drugs...

Exosomes are tiny vesicles released by cells that carry communications to local and distant locations. Emerging research has revealed the role played by integrins found on the surface of exosomes in delivering information once they reach their destination. But until now, little has been known on the initial upstream steps of the migration process. Using biochemical and imaging approaches, we show here that exosomes isolated from both leukemic and healthy hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells can navigate their way from the cell of origin due to the presence of sialyl Lewis X modifications surface glycoproteins...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell disorder that develops in the bone marrow (BM) and is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation and the ability to disseminate to different sites of the skeleton. Sialofucosylated structures, particularly Sialyl Lewis a/x (SLea/x ), facilitate the homing of MM cells into the BM, leading to resistance to bortezomib in vivo. Platelets have been shown to play an important role in tumor metastasis. Platelets can bind to the surface of cancer cells, forming a "cloak" that protects them from the shear stress of the bloodstream and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the deadliest malignancies and is currently the third leading cause of cancer death. The aggressiveness of PDAC stems from late diagnosis, early metastasis, and poor efficacy of current chemotherapies. Thus, there is an urgent need for effective biomarkers for early detection of PDAC and development of new therapeutic strategies. It has long been known that cellular glycosylation is dysregulated in pancreatic cancer cells, however, tumor-associated glycans and their cognate glycosylating enzymes have received insufficient attention as potential clinical targets...

Hypersialylation is a feature of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and it has been related to tumor malignancy and immune suppression. In this work, we have evaluated the potential of the sialyltransferase inhibitor, Ac5 3Fax Neu5Ac, to decrease tumor sialoglycans in PDA and to revert its malignant phenotype. Sialoglycans on PDA cells were evaluated by flow cytometry, and the functional impact of Ac5 3Fax Neu5Ac was assessed using E-selectin adhesion, migration, and invasion assays. PDA tumors were generated in syngeneic mice from KC cells and treated with Ac5 3Fax Neu5Ac to evaluate tumor growth, mice survival, and its impact on blocking sialic acid (SA) and on the tumor immune component...

We constructed tumor spheroids with a perfusable vascular network to assess drug delivery systems that target the tumor vasculature. A tricultured tumor spheroid containing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was placed in the central compartment of a microfluidic device, and the HUVECs were seeded into the microslit channels on both sides. Angiogenic sprouts began to form within a few days, from both the tumor spheroids and microchannels, and became more abundant and branched, while attracting each other, over time...

Cells are covered with a dense layer of carbohydrates, some of which are solely present on neoplastic cells. The so-called tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) are increasingly recognized as promising targets for immunotherapy. These carbohydrates differ from those of the surrounding non-cancerous tissues and contribute to the malignant phenotype of the cancer cells by promoting proliferation, metastasis, and immunosuppression. However, due to tumor tissue heterogeneity and technological limitations, TACAs are insufficiently explored...

PURPOSE: Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer worldwide. Treatment has been improved in recent years, but, in advanced stages, therapeutical options are still limited. It has been reported that the expression of the blood group antigens Sialyl Lewis X (SLeX), Sialyl Lewis A (SLeA) and Lewis Y (LeY) is associated with prognosis in several tumors. Large studies on endometrial and cervical cancer are still pending. METHODS: Specimens of 234 patients with EC were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies for SLeX, SLeA and LeY...

The glycocalyx is a dense complex matrix of glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and glycolipids on the cell surface involved in maintaining cell integrity and interactions with the cellular microenvironment. Alterations to the glycan constituents of the glycocalyx are implicit in progression of diseases like cancer, but its overall complexity makes biomolecular analysis very challenging. Changes in cell surface protein glycosylation are common alterations that occur with tumor progression and reflect the clinical diagnostic detection of many cancer biomarkers like prostate specific antigen and CA19-9...

BACKGROUND: Routine measurement of tumor markers is not recommended in daily clinical practice for patients with cancer of unknown primary (CUP). We evaluated the diagnostic value of tumor markers in identifying favorable or unfavorable subsets in patients with CUP. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were diagnosed with CUP between October 2010 and July 2015 at the National Cancer Center Hospital. The tumor markers of the patients were examined, including squamous cell carcinoma antigen, cytokeratin fraction, carcinoembryonic antigen, sialyl Lewis X, neuron-specific enolase, pro-gastrin-releasing peptide, α-fetoprotein, protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II, prostate-specific antigen, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, carbohydrate antigen 19-9, cancer antigen 125, cancer antigen 15-3, NCC-ST-439 (ST439), elastase-1, human chorionic gonadotropin, and sialyl-Tn (STN)...

We recently reported increased levels of urinary free-glycans in some cancer patients. Here, we focused on cancer related alterations in the levels of high molecular weight free-glycans. The rationale for this study was that branching, elongation, fucosylation and sialylation, which lead to increases in the molecular weight of glycans, are known to be up-regulated in cancer. Urine samples from patients with gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer, cholangiocarcinoma and colorectal cancer and normal controls were analyzed...