Co oximeter

BACKGROUND: Pulse oximetry-derived oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) is an estimate of true arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 ). The aim of this review was to evaluate available evidence determining the effect of skin tone on the ability of pulse oximeters to accurately estimate SaO2 . METHODS: Published literature was screened to identify clinical and non-clinical studies enrolling adults and children when SpO2 was compared with a paired co-oximetry SaO2 value. We searched literature databases from their inception to March 20, 2023...

BACKGROUND: Point-of-care tests (POCT) for haemoglobin are increasingly used to guide intraoperative transfusion. However, their accuracy compared to central laboratory tests is unknown. The objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of method comparison studies assessing the accuracy of POCT versus central laboratory haemoglobin tests in patients undergoing surgery. METHODS: Electronic databases were searched from inception to April 2020 (updated August 2023)...

Race-based and skin pigmentation-related inaccuracies in pulse oximetry have recently been highlighted in several large electronic health record-based retrospective cohort studies across diverse patient populations and healthcare settings. Overestimation of oxygen saturation by pulse oximeters, particularly in hypoxic states, is disparately higher in Black compared to other racial groups. Compared to adult literature, pediatric studies are relatively few and mostly reliant on birth certificates or maternal race-based classification of comparison groups...

BACKGROUND: Post-hospitalization remote patient monitoring (RPM) has potential to improve health outcomes for high-risk patients with chronic medical conditions. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which RPM for patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with reductions in post-hospitalization mortality, hospital readmission, and ED visits within an Accountable Care Organization (ACO). METHODS: Nonrandomized prospective study of patients in an ACO offered enrollment in RPM upon hospital discharge between February 2021 and December 2021...

INTRODUCTION: Respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and COVID-19 may cause a decrease in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2 ). The continuous monitoring of oxygen levels may be beneficial for the early detection of hypoxemia and timely intervention. Wearable non-invasive pulse oximetry devices measuring peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2 ) have been garnering increasing popularity. However, there is still a strong need for extended and robust clinical validation of such devices, especially to address topical concerns about disparities in performances across racial groups...

Point-of-care haemoglobin measurement devices may play an important role in the antenatal detection of anaemia in pregnant people and may be useful in guiding blood transfusion during resuscitation in obstetric haemorrhage. We compared baseline haemoglobin variability of venous and capillary HemoCue® haemoglobin, and Masimo® Rad-67 Pulse CO-Oximeter haemoglobin with laboratory haemoglobin in people on the day of their planned vaginal birth. A total of 180 people undergoing planned vaginal birth were enrolled in this prospective observational study...

Invasive arterial cannulation is a widely used method in intensive care units and operating rooms. However it has potential complications such as thrombosis, peripheral embolism, hematoma formation, and infection. The Masimo Root Radical-7 Pulse CO-Oximeter® (Masimo Corporation, Irvine, CA, USA) is a non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring device that measures perfusion index and pleth variability index, provides guidance to anaesthesiologists in the cases where hemodynamic fluctuations are expected. In this particular case, the perfusion index played a crucial role in the immediate diagnosis of radial artery embolism in a patient undergoing cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy procedure...

BACKGROUND: Monitoring replanted digits remains a challenging task in microsurgical units. Previous studies have indicated the perfusion index (PI), a parameter directly proportional to the blood flow, might be a useful tool. OBJECTIVE: The PI is evaluated as a monitoring tool in patients with replanted digits. METHODS: This prospective, non-interventional study includes 31 patients with revascularized or replanted digits. After successful revascularization or replantation, the PI and peripheral oxygen saturation of the affected finger and its contralateral equivalent were measured simultaneously...

BACKGROUND: The oxygen reserve index (ORi) is a real-time, continuous index measured with multi-wavelength pulse CO-oximetry technology. It estimates mild hyperoxemia in humans, which is defined as a partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2 ) level between 100 and 200 mmHg. The objectives of this study were to assess the correlation between ORi and PaO2 , as well as to determine its ability in detecting mild hyperoxemia in dogs. METHODS: This prospective observational study enrolled 37 anaesthetised and mechanically ventilated dogs undergoing elective procedures...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between oxygen reserve index (ORI) and arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2 ) in anesthetized dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective experimental study. ANIMALS: A total of eight healthy adult Beagle dogs with a median age of 38 (range 20-87) months and a median body mass of 8.6 (range 7.0-13.8) kg. METHODS: After induction of general anesthesia with propofol, dogs were mechanically ventilated and anesthesia maintained with isoflurane carried in oxygen...

Glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) is frequently used as a measure of glycemic control but can be inaccurate in certain clinical scenarios leading to poor estimates of insulin requirements. We present the case of a 76-year-old man with diabetes and COVID infection. HbA1c was measured at 5.7%, though the patient reported home glucose readings of 200 to 300 mg/dL (11.1-16.65 mmol/L). Pulse oximetry on presentation was 50% to 60%, which initially improved to 93% with supplemental oxygen of 15 L via nonrebreather face mask...

BACKGROUND: The SafeBoosC project aims to test the clinical value of non-invasive cerebral oximetry by near-infrared spectroscopy in newborn infants. The purpose is to establish whether cerebral oximetry can be used to save newborn infants' lives and brains or not. Newborns contribute heavily to total childhood mortality and neonatal brain damage is the cause of a large part of handicaps such as cerebral palsy. The objective of the SafeBoosC-IIIv trial is to evaluate the benefits and harms of cerebral oximetry added to usual care versus usual care in mechanically ventilated newborns...

BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Symptoms are mostly aspecific, making it hard to identify, and its diagnosis is usually made through blood gas analysis. However, the bulkiness of gas analyzers prevents them from being used at the scene of the incident, thereby leading to the unnecessary transport and admission of many patients. While multiple-wavelength pulse oximeters have been developed to discriminate carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) from oxyhemoglobin, their reliability is debatable, particularly in the hostile prehospital environment...

Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging is useful for assessing flap viability; however, it is associated with a risk of anaphylactic shock, even in patients with no history of drug allergies. SnapshotNIR is a noncontact, camera-type handheld tissue oximeter that can measure the tissue oxygen saturation of the body surface. The device emits red and near infrared light wavelengths and then optimizes the measurement of the differential reflectance from oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin, and StO2 is calculated...

BACKGROUND: Enterprise Point-of-Care (EPOC) blood analysis is used routinely in wildlife veterinary practice to monitor blood oxygenation, but the reliability of the EPOC calculated arterial oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (cSaO2 ) has never been validated in the white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum), despite their susceptibility to hypoxemia during chemical immobilization. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the reliability of the EPOC cSaO2 by comparing it against arterial oxygen-hemoglobin saturation (SaO2 ) measured by a co-oximeter reference method in immobilized white rhinoceroses...

BACKGROUND: Spot-check hemoglobin co-oximetry analyzers measure hemoglobin transcutaneously and offer the benefit of a hemoglobin measurement without phlebotomy. The objective of this study was to determine the validity of non-invasive spot-check hemoglobin co-oximetry testing for the detection of postpartum anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL). METHODS: Five hundred eighty-four women aged 18 and over were recruited on postpartum day one following a singleton delivery...

Anemia and hypoxemia are common clinical conditions that are difficult to study and may impact pulse oximeter performance. Utilizing an in vitro circulation system, we studied performance of three pulse oximeters during hypoxemia and severe anemia. Three oximeters including one benchtop, one handheld, and one fingertip device were selected to reflect a range of cost and device types. Human blood was diluted to generate four hematocrit levels (40%, 30%, 20%, and 10%). Oxygen and nitrogen were bubbled through the blood to generate a range of oxygen saturations (O2 Hb) and the blood was cycled through the in vitro circulation system...

To compare pulse oximetry performance during simulated conditions of motion and low perfusion in three commercially available devices: GE HealthCare CARESCAPE ONE TruSignal SpO2 Parameter, Masimo RADICAL-7 and Medtronic Nellcor PM1000N. After IRB approval, 28 healthy adult volunteers were randomly assigned to the motion group (N = 14) or low perfusion (N = 14) group. Pulse oximeters were placed on the test and control hands using random assignment of digits 2-5. Each subject served as their own control through the series of repeated pair-wise measurements...

Post-mortem blood is most frequently used for the measurement of carboxyhaemoglobin (COHb) in post-mortem forensic cases, when investigating suspected inhalation of carbon monoxide (CO). However, in many post-mortem cases (especially severe burns and charring deaths), adequate blood specimens are not always available for toxicological analyses. Here, the availability of an alternative specimen for COHb analysis is required. This study investigated the suitability of thoracic cavity fluid (TCF) as an alternative specimen for the measurement of COHb...

Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is one of the most common causes of poisoning death and its diagnosis requires an elevated carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) level. Noninvasive CO saturation by pulse oximetry (SpCO) has been available since 2005 and has the advantage of being portable and easy to use, but its accuracy in determining blood COHb level is controversial. To evaluate the accuracy of SpCO (index test) to estimate COHb (reference test). Systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy (DTA) studies...