furnace toxic

Pollutants produced by cremation furnaces have gradually caused concern because of the increasing rate of cremation around the world. In this study, the levels, patterns, and emission factors of unintentional persistent organic pollutants (UPOPs) from cremation were investigated. The toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations (11 % O2 normalized) of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in flue gas ranged from 0.036 to 22 ng TEQ/Nm3 , while the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs) in flue gas samples ranged from 0...

Recycling aluminium in a rotary furnace with salt-fluxes allows recovering valuable alloys from hard-to-recycle waste/side-streams such as packaging, dross and incinerator bottom ash. However, this recycling route generates large amounts of salt-slag/salt-cake hazardous wastes which can pose critical environmental risks if landfilled. To tackle this issue, the metallurgical industry has developed processes to valorise the salt-slag residues into recyclable salts and aluminium concentrates, while producing by-products such as ammonium sulphate and non-metallic compounds (NMCs), with applications in the construction or chemical industries...

To study the total particulate matter (TPM) in flue gas emitted by coking plants, a sampling system that could be used to collect filterable particulate matter (FPM) and condensable particulate matter (CPM) was designed and developed based on Method 202 recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 2017 and HJ 836-2017 issued by China. Using this system, FPM and CPM in flue gas emitted by four coking furnaces named A, B, C, and D were tested in China. Further, 9 water-soluble ions, 20 elements, and organic matter present in the CPM were simultaneously examined to determine their formation mechanisms...

Alkali-activation is an effective municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWIFA) solidification/stabilization (S/S) technology. However, the characteristics of calcium-rich silica-poor aluminum phase in MSWIFA easily cause the structural instability and contamination of alkali activated MSWIFA S/S bodies. Therefore, the aluminosilicate solid wastes are used in this work to optimize the immobilization and structural properties. Results showed that incorporation of aluminosilicate solid wastes significantly improved the compressive strength and heavy metals pollution toxicity of MSWIFA S/S bodies...

The contents of essential (Ca, Fe, K, Na, P, and Zn) and potentially toxic inorganic elements (As, Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, and Pb) in enteral and parenteral nutrition formulas were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS). A total of 30 enteral formulas, 23 parenteral solution components, and 3 parenteral solutions were analyzed. The elements Ca and K presented the higher contents (72-2918 mg L-1 and 235-2760 mg L-1 ) while the lowest concentration levels were found for As and Cd (<0...

The consumption of camel milk is gaining popularity in Algeria. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Nickel (Ni) and Mercury (Hg) in camel milk sold in Southeast Algeria and assess the potential health risks associated with its consumption. 120 samples of camel milk were collected from 10 farms located near the roads in the south of Algeria. Metals were measured using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer with a graphite furnace and Target Hazard Quotients (THQs) were calculated...

The biologically produced gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are novel carriers with promising use in targeted tumor therapy. Still, there are no studies regarding the efficacy of nanoparticle internalization by cancer and noncancer cells. In this study, AuNPs were produced by Fusarium oxysporum and analyzed by spectrophotometry, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Zetasizer. Obtained AuNPs were about 15 nm in size with a zeta potential of -35.8 mV. The AuNPs were added to cancer cells (4T1), noncancer cells (NIH/3T3), and macrophages (RAW264...

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a bio-fabrication technique used to process tissue-engineered scaffolds for bone repair and remodeling. Polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) has been used as a base and osteoconductive biomaterial for bone tissue engineering in the past decades. The current study reveals the fabrication of a polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) scaffold by incorporating carbon nanotubes (CNT) via 3D printing. The physical properties and cytocompatibility of a new type of tissue engineering composite from polycaprolactone/β-tri-calcium phosphate/carbon nanotubes were investigated, and it was an absorbable scaffold prepared via furnace deposition 3D printing technology...

Wildland fires contribute significantly to the ambient air pollution burden worldwide, causing a range of adverse health effects in exposed populations. The toxicity of woodsmoke, a complex mixture of gases, volatile organic compounds, and particulate matter, is commonly studied in vitro using isolated exposures of conventionally cultured lung cells to either resuspended particulate matter or organic solvent extracts of smoke, leading to incomplete toxicity evaluations. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the effects of woodsmoke inhalation by building an advanced in vitro exposure system that emulates human exposure of the airway epithelium...

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) is a typical technique to immobilize toxic heavy metals in Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA). This study utilized blast furnace slag, steel slag, desulfurization gypsum, and phosphoric acid sludge to develop a novel metallurgical slag based cementing material (MSCM). Its S/S effects of MSWI FA and long-term S/S effectiveness under dry-wet circulations (DWC) were evaluated and compared with ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The MSCM-FA block with 25 wt.% MSCM content achieved 28-day compressive strength of 9...

There has been a growing interest in the design and development of graphene based composite materials with superior performances for environmental catalytic applications. But in most of the studies the synthesis conditions require elevated temperatures and expensive working setups (high temperature furnaces, autoclaves, inert atmosphere conditions etc.). In this reported work, the nitrogen doped reduced graphene oxide supported CuCo2 O4 (NG/CuCo2 O4 ) composites were prepared through a simple one pot synthesis method under mild conditions (∼95 °C and air atmosphere) and successfully employed as catalysts for the reduction of toxic 4-nitrophenol (4NP)...

This paper explores the potential of Technosols made from non-hazardous industrial wastes as a sustainable solution for highly acidic iron-rich soils at the Rio Tinto mining site (Spain), a terrestrial Mars analog. These mine soils exhibit extreme acidity (pHH2O  = 2.1-3.0), low nutrient availability (non-acid cation saturation < 20 %), and high levels of Pb (3420 mg kg-1 ), Cu (504 mg kg-1 ), Zn (415 mg kg-1 ), and As (319 mg kg-1 ), hindering plant growth and ecosystem restoration...

Insulation products made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) are commonly utilized in buildings. However, Norwegian building regulations restrict the use of such combustible insulation due to an increased risk of fire spread and generation of smoke and toxic gases. Installation of fire protection coverings has been adopted as a mitigation strategy to address these safety risks. Notably, the current regulations lack pre-approved solutions describing what is considered an adequate protection of combustible insulation...

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are bromine-bearing additives added to the polymeric fraction in various applications to impede fire ignition. The Stockholm Convention and various other legislations abolished legacy BFRs usage and hence, the so-called novel BFRs (NBFRs) were introduced into the market. Recent studies spotlighted their existence in household dust, aquifers and aquatic/aerial species. Co-pyrolysis of BFRs with metal oxides has emerged as a potent chemical recycling approach that produces a bromine-free stream of hydrocarbon...

Heavy metals can play an important biological role as micronutrients but also as potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Understanding the natural concentrations of PTEs-Pb and Zn included-in soils allows for the identification and monitoring of contaminated areas and their role in environmental risk assessment. In this study, we aim to determine semi-total or natural and available concentrations of Pb and Zn in topsoils (0-20 cm depth) from 337 samples under native vegetation in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil...

Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is a cost-effective and conventional binder that is widely adopted in brownfield site remediation and redevelopment. However, the substantial carbon dioxide emission during OPC production and the concerns about its undesirable retention capacity for potentially toxic elements strain this strategy. To tackle this objective, we herein tailored four alternative binders (calcium aluminate cement, OPC-activated ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), white-steel-slag activated GGBFS, and alkaline-activated GGBFS) for facilitating immobilization of high Pb content pyrite ash, with the perspectives of enhancing Pb retention and mitigating anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions...

Flocculent is commonly used in mining activities to improve the concentration of tailing slurry by enhancing the sedimentation process of small tailings particles. The presence of flocculent in thickened tailings is unavoidable, and it affects the heavy metal leaching performances and mechanical and rheological characteristics of tailing-based cemented paste backfill (CPB). This study is carried out to investigate the physicochemical and leachability of CPB amended with flocculants and lime-activated ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS)...

Re-melting of scrap in an electric arc furnace (EAF) results in the accumulation of filter dust from off-gas treatment that predominantly consists of iron and zinc oxides. Filter dust is classified as hazardous waste due to its high contents of potentially toxic or ecotoxic elements such as Pb, Cr, Cd, and As. A promising processing route for this waste is selective chlorination, in which the non-ferrous metal oxides are chlorinated and selectively evaporated in form of their respective chlorides from the remaining solids via the process gas flow...

Workers in the iron casting industries are exposed to various chemicals, especially graphite in furnace process. This study aims to investigate the toxic effects of graphite particles on human lung cells. Particle characteristics were confirmed by electron microscope and light scattering. Cell viability and oxidative stress markers were measured. The expression of oxidative repair genes, namely OGG1, MTH1, and ITPA, was evaluated. The average particle size was determined to be 172.1 ± 11...

In the present study, the bioactivity, cytotoxicity, and tribological properties of a nickel-free austenitic stainless steel produced via the mechanical alloying of elemental iron, chromium, and manganese nitride powders following by hot isostatic pressing was investigated. Powders after 90 h of mechanical alloying were consolidated via hot isostatic pressing at 1150 °C (1425 K) and heat treated at 1175 °C (1448 K) for 1 h in a vacuum with furnace cooling. Tribological tests were performed to determine the resistance of the as-received nickel-free steel...