Delhi sewage

While carbapenem use is prohibited in the poultry production chain and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are absent from hatchery farms, New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing CRE contamination of commercial broiler chicken farms (grow-out farms) can occur via living hosts such as flies. However, it is not known whether the inanimate factors from in-house environment play a role in the persistence of CRE on commercial farms. Herein, we monitored one typical broiler house in Hebei Province, China, from January 2017 to April 2018...

Bioavailability and ecotoxicity of metals in contaminated soils depend largely on their solubility. The present investigation was carried out to predict the free ion activity of Zn2+ , Cu2+ , Ni2+ , Pb2+ and Cd2+ in contaminated soils as a function of pH, organic carbon content and extractable metal concentration. Twenty-five composite soil samples were collected from various locations which had a history of receiving sewage sludge (Keshopur and IARI, Delhi), municipal solid waste (Kolkata, West Bengal), polluted river water (Madanpur, Delhi) and industrial effluents (Debari, Rajasthan and Sonepat, Haryana)...

Increased use of colistin, a last resort drug due to failure of carbapenems, has possibly contributed in development and spread of resistance to colistin among Enterobacteriaceae. The colistin belongs to the family of polymyxins, cationic polypeptides, with broad-spectrum activity against Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we obtained 253 non-duplicate bacterial isolates from sewage water in Delhi and phenotypically screened for colistin resistance. Of the 47 positive isolates, the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 was detected among 5 isolates...

The present investigation aims to study the diversity of ciliates from different habitats in and around Delhi, India, and the correlation of this diversity with soil quality {agricultural lands (site 1 and 2), dump yards (site 3 and 4), sewage treatment plant (site 5), residential land (site 6), landfill (site 7) and barren land (site 8)}. Various physicochemical parameters of the different soil samples were studied and analysed for soil texture, interstitial water, pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, total organic matter, total nitrogen and phosphorous content, using standard protocols...

Purpose: New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae have been detected in rivers, sewage, and effluents from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Environmental contamination due to discharged effluents is of particular concern as NDM variants may be released into waterways, thereby posing a risk to humans. In this study, we collected effluent samples from a WWTP discharged into a canal in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Methods: Testing included the complete genome sequencing of Escherichia coli GSH8M-2 isolated from the effluent as well as a gene network analysis...

BACKGROUND: Sewage management is hazardous due to chronic exposure to chemical gases, bioaerosols and micro-organisms through inhalation; accidental oral intake and penetration through skin or mucous membranes through injuries or breech in personal protective equipment. While there has been some research on isolated infections and multisystem symptom profiling of sewage workers, there is little research on the burden of chronic illnesses like Tuberculosis and Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs)...

The occurrence of resistant bacteria to specific heavy metals can be associated with increasing load of the metals in the environment. River Yamuna is polluted by various toxic heavy metals discharged by several industrial and agricultural sources. Therefore, the use of heavy metal-resistant bacteria as an indicator of metal pollution was tested in the present study. For the purpose of the study, the heavy metal resistance status of 42 Escherichia coli strains isolated from River Yamuna water from 7 sampling sites within a span of 2 years was determined using growth curves and plate dilution method in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values by comparing with MIC value of control strain...

One of the methods of sludge disposal in cities is its use as an amendment in adjoining agricultural soil. Contaminants in sludge can, however, nullify the benefits. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of persistent organic pollutants, if present, can pose health risks by virtue of their carcinogenic potential and persistence in soil. The present study deals with profile analysis of PAHs in digested sewage sludge of a megacity, Delhi. Mean concentration of the sum of sixteen PAHs in the sludge from five sewage treatment plants (STPs) was 20...

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global concern, especially in India where the burden of infectious diseases is high and health care spending is low. Here we quantified total coliform, faecal coliforms (FC), carbapenem-resistant enteric bacteria (CRE), blaNDM-1 , and three integron genes in samples collected from wastewater effluent of 12 hospitals, 12 sewage treatment plants (STPs), 20 sewer drains, and five locations along the Yamuna River in New Delhi over two seasons. Significant correlations were found between FC levels, CRE (r = 0...

With the eradication of poliovirus, the focus has now shifted to environmental surveillance of poliovirus to determine the circulating polioviruses in an area. L20B and RD cell lines are used for isolation of polioviruses. It is imperative to study the efficacy of these cell line in isolating polioviruses from environmental samples. The present study was carried out to determine the sensitivity and specificity of L20B cell line for isolation of polioviruses from environmental samples. L20B and RD cell lines are used for isolation of polioviruses...

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacteriaceae have become a threat to public health. Hospital sewage is generally unexplored, having the potential to harbour bacteria causing healthcare-associated infections. Hence, this study was initiated to monitor NDM-producing Enterobacteriaceae in hospital sewage water. A total of 32 isolates with blaNDM variants were detected in hospital sewage water, including 17 Escherichia coli, 8 Citrobacter freundii, 4 Shigella boydii, 2 Citrobacter braakii and 1 Citrobacter farmeri, showing resistance to all antibiotics except colistin...

Rapid emergence of antibiotic resistance (AR) in developing countries is posing a greater health risk and increasing the global disease burden. Lack of access to safe drinking water, poor sanitation and inadequate sewage treatment facilities in these countries are fueling the problem associated with emergence of AR. Rapid proliferation of AR mediated by treated and untreated discharges from sewage treatment plants (STPs) is a prime public health concern. This study aims to understand the occurrence, fate, and routes of proliferation of carbapenem (KPC) and extended spectrum β-lactam (ESBL) resistant bacteria, and selected resistant genes in the samples collected from different unit operations in 12 STPs in New Delhi over two seasons...

In this study, New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-producing Enterobacteriaceae were identified in Irish recreational waters and sewage. Indistinguishable NDM-producing Escherichia coli by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were isolated from sewage, a fresh water stream and a human source. NDM-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sewage and seawater in the same area were closely related to each other and to a human isolate. This raises concerns regarding the potential for sewage discharges to contribute to the spread of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae...

The morphology and morphogenesis of a new oxytrichid ciliate, Notohymena limus n. sp. were studied in vivo and after protargol impregnation. The new ciliate was isolated from the sewage sludge at Delhi Jal Board Sewage Treatment Plant located at Rithala, Delhi, India, using the non-flooded Petri dish method. N. limus n. sp. is characterized as follows: flexible dorsoventrally flattened ellipsoidal body; Notohymena-pattern undulating membranes; adoral zone of membranelles (AZM) occupied about 39% of the body length, and consists of around 26 membranelles; large and deep buccal cavity; colorless subpellicular granules present in groups and arranged around the bases of dorsal bristles; 4 macronuclear nodules; 2 micronuclei; 18 fronto-ventral-transverse (FVT) cirri in typical Oxytricha-pattern; 6 dorsal rows of bristles; 3 caudal cirri; about 16 right and 15 left marginal cirri; N...

A case study was undertaken to assess the risk of sewage-irrigated soils in relation to the transfer of trace elements to rice and wheat grain. For this purpose, peri-urban agricultural lands under the Keshopur Effluent Irrigation Scheme (KEIS) of Delhi were selected. These agricultural lands have been receiving irrigation through sewage effluents since 1979. Sewage effluent, groundwater, soil, and plant (rice and wheat grain) samples were collected with GPS coordinates from this peri-urban area. Under wheat crop, sewage irrigation for four decades resulted into a significant buildup of zinc (141 %), copper (219 %), iron (514 %), nickel (75...

Understanding and quantification of geochemical processes in vadose zone of sewage-effluent-irrigated soils are helpful in predicting the transference of metals and other ions to food chain and groundwater. Hence, an attempt has been made to simulate various geochemical processes occurring in the flow path of infiltrating sewage water down the vadose zone with the help of Net Geochemical Reaction Along the Flow Path (NETPATH). This study area was located in Western Delhi, India, where sewage effluents originating from Keshopur Sewage Treatment plant have been used for irrigation since 1979...

Agricultural lands in the peri-urban area of New Delhi have been irrigated with treated wastewater from the Keshopur Effluent Irrigation Scheme (KEIS) since 1979. An attempt has been made to study the influence of wastewater irrigation on pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and dynamics of heavy metal concentrations in vadose zone under KEIS. For this study, agricultural lands which have been receiving the sewage irrigation for 20, 10, and 5 years were selected. Adjacent tube well water-irrigated fields were selected and used as reference...

The chemical equillibria between nickel (Ni) ion present in soil solution and solid phases govern the solubility vis-a-vis availability of Ni in soil. Therefore, stability of various Ni containing minerals in relation to pH was studied to identify the probable solid phases, which govern the solubility of Ni in some alluvial soils under intensive cultivation in and around Delhi. Free Ni2+ activity (pNi2+) as estimated by Baker soil test, ranged from 13.1 to 16.2. Highest free Ni2+ activity (pNi2+ = 13.1) was recorded in industrial effluent irrigated soil collected from Sonepat, Haryana...

The NCT of Delhi in India handles domestic sewage through a long sewerage networks. The network is into eight divisions. The aim of the present study is to arrive at a correlation between sewage quality and gas emissions in the sewer network of various divisions. This will aid in forewarning the sewer workers about the safety precautions. The health effects due to toxic sewer gases exposure and assessment of hazardous conditions and hazard potential are discussed. The study areas were broadly classified as residential, commercial, industrial and mix (combination of residential & commercial) for comparison...

Abstract: The water samples were collected from the 22 km segment III of Yamuna River from Okhla barrage. This segment receives water from 17 sewage drains of Delhi, Western Yamuna Canal (WYC), upper Ganga canal via Najafgarh drain and Hindon cut canal. Hence, the water samples collected were used to determine the presence of Chromium, Nickel and Lead through Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The concentration of these heavy metals were much above the maximum permissible limits set by WHO. This was bound to have its influence on the riverine flora and fauna...