Auchincloss

INTRODUCTION: Low-income immigrants who are eligible to participate in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participate at lower rates compared to non-immigrants. Immigrant households may be more likely to participate in SNAP if they live in areas with policies that integrate them into society and protect them from deportation. METHODS: Data on low-income immigrant households came from the 2019 American Community Survey ( N = 87,678). The outcome was whether any household member received SNAP in the previous 12 months...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the overall survival of patients with ≤8 mm non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who undergo wedge resection versus stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling, and propensity score-matched analysis were performed to evaluate the overall survival of patients with ≤8 mm NSCLC in the National Cancer Database (NCDB) from 2004 to 2017 who underwent wedge resection versus patients who underwent SBRT...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a machine learning algorithm (i.e. the "NightSignal" algorithm) can be used for the detection of postoperative complications prior to symptom onset after cardiothoracic surgery. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Methods that enable the early detection of postoperative complications after cardiothoracic surgery are needed. METHODS: This was a prospective observational cohort study conducted from July 2021 to February 2023 at a single academic tertiary care hospital...

OBJECTIVE: Retrospective exposure to a higher number and prolonged duration of climate-related disasters could be positively associated with adolescent mental distress. METHODS: Person-level data came from 38,616 high-school students residing in 22 urban public-school districts in 14 states (U.S. Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2019). Each district's federally declared climate-related catastrophes (severe storms, floods, wildfire, etc.) came from the Federal Emergency Management Agency...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Built environments have the potential to favorably support cognitive function. Despite growing work on this topic, most of the work has ignored variation in the spatial scale of the effect. The issue with spatial scale effects is that the size and shape of the areal unit within which built environment characteristics are measured naturally influence the built environment exposure metric and thus the estimated associations with health. We used spatial distributed lag modeling (DLM) to estimate how associations between built environment exposures (walkable destinations [WD], social destinations [SD]) and change in cognition varied across distance of these destinations from participants' residences...

BACKGROUND: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing oncologic surgery. We sought to identify risk factors for postoperative VTE to define high-risk groups which may benefit from enhanced prophylactic measures. METHODS: A retrospective cohort analysis using the STS General Thoracic Surgery Database was conducted on patients who underwent lung cancer resection between 2009-2021. Baseline characteristics and postoperative outcomes were compared between patients who did and did not develop a postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep venous thrombosis...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Respiratory virus infections are related to over 80% of childhood asthma exacerbations. They enhance pro-inflammatory mediator release, especially for sensitized individuals exposed to pollens/molds. Using a time-series study design, we investigated possible effect modification by respiratory virus infections of the associations between aeroallergens/PM2.5 and asthma exacerbation rates. Outpatient, emergency department (ED), and inpatient visits for asthma exacerbation among children with asthma (28,540/24,444 [warm/cold season]), as well as viral infection counts were obtained from electronic health records of the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2011 to 2016...

INTRODUCTION: Limited consensus exists on the optimal treatment strategy for clinical M1a non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presenting as a primary tumor with additional intrapulmonary nodules in a contralateral lobe ("M1a-Contra"). This study sought to compare long-term survival of patients with M1a-Contra tumors receiving multimodal therapy with versus without thoracic surgery. METHODS: Overall survival of patients with cT1-4, N0-3, M1a NSCLC with contralateral intrapulmonary nodules who received surgery as part of multimodal therapy ("Thoracic Surgery") versus systemic therapy with or without radiation ("No Thoracic Surgery") in the National Cancer Database from 2010 to 2015 was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards modeling, and propensity score matching...

ViralZone (https://viralzone.expasy.org) is a knowledge repository for viruses that links biological knowledge and databases. It contains data on virion structure, genome, proteome, replication cycle and host-virus interactions. The new update provides better access to the data through contextual popups and higher resolution images in Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) format. These images are designed to be dynamic and interactive with human viruses to give users better access to the data. In addition, a new coronavirus-specific resource provides regularly updated data on variants and molecular biology of SARS-CoV-2...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate if there is a shortage of thoracic surgeons in the U.S. and whether any potential shortage is impacting lung cancer treatment and outcomes. DESIGN: Using the U.S. Area Health Resources File and Surveillance Epidemiology End Results database, we assessed the number of cardiothoracic surgeons per 100,000 people and the number of stage I NSCLC diagnoses in the U.S. in 2010 versus 2018. Changes in the percentage of patients diagnosed with stage I NSCLC who underwent surgery and stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and changes in overall survival of patients with stage I NSCLC from 2010-2018 in the National Cancer Database were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards modeling...

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between neighborhood social composition and gentrification, and acculturation stressors. METHODS: Person-level data came from first-generation Chinese immigrants enrolled in the Immigrant Enclaves Study (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, baseline 2018-2020, N = 512). A validated scale was used to assess 22 stressors associated with migration or acculturation. Neighborhood characteristics from the American Community Survey 2015-2019 and 2008-2012 included: tract proportion of foreign born Chinese, neighborhood wealth, and past decade gentrification...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between county- and state-level immigrant criminalizing and integrating policies and Latino household participation in the largest safety net program against food insecurity in the U.S., the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP). Our outcome, county-level proportion of SNAP-participating Latino households, and county-level covariates were obtained from the American Community Survey 1-year county files (N = 675 counties) for 13 years (2007-2019)...

BACKGROUND: The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th Edition TNM staging manual for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) M1a descriptors include tumors presenting with malignant pleural or pericardial effusion ("M1a-Effusion"), pleural or pericardial nodule(s) ("M1a-Pleural"), or separate tumor nodule(s) in a contralateral lobe ("M1a-Contralateral"). RESEARCH QUESTION: Is M1a NSCLC presenting with malignant pleural or pericardial effusion associated with worse survival compared to other types of M1a NSCLC? METHODS: Patients with cT1-4, N0-3, M1a NSCLC (satisfying a single M1a descriptor of "M1a-Effusion", "M1a-Pleural", or "M1a-Contralateral"), according to AJCC 8th edition staging criteria, in the National Cancer Database from 2010-2015 were included...

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) and aeroallergens (i.e., pollen, molds) are known triggers of asthma exacerbation. Despite mechanistic evidence suggesting synergistic effects between PM2.5 and asthma exacerbation, little epidemiologic work has been performed in children, which has exhibited inconsistency. We conducted a time-series study to explore their interactions using electronic health records (EHR) data in Philadelphia, PA, for asthma diagnoses in outpatient, emergency department [ED], and inpatient settings...

BACKGROUND: The role of adjuvant therapy in completely resected primary tumors that have both components of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) ("combined small-cell lung cancer") is poorly understood. We sought to determine the potential benefits of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients who undergo complete resection for early-stage combined SCLC. METHODS: Overall survival of patients with pathologic T1-2N0M0 combined SCLC who underwent complete resection in the National Cancer Database from 2004-2017, stratified by adjuvant chemotherapy versus surgery alone, was evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling and propensity score-matched analysis...

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Surgery and chemoradiation are the standard of care in early stages of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), while immunotherapy is the standard of care in late-stage NSCLC. The immune composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is recognized as an indicator for responsiveness to immunotherapy, although much remains unknown about its role in responsiveness to surgery or chemoradiation. In this pilot study, we characterized the NSCLC TME using mass cytometry (CyTOF) and bulk RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) with deconvolution of RNA-Seq being performed by Kassandra, a recently published deconvolution tool...

INTRODUCTION: Anatomic lung resection remains the standard of care for early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but wedge resection may offer similar survival in older adult patients. The objective of this study was to evaluate the survival of patients aged 80 y and older undergoing wedge resection versus segmentectomy for stage IA NSCLC using a large clinical registry. METHODS: Patients aged 80 y and older in the National Cancer Database who underwent wedge resection or segmentectomy for cT1a-b N0 M0 NSCLC between 2004 and 2018 were identified for an analysis...

BACKGROUND: Obesity is rapidly increasing in Mexican children and adolescents, while food environments are rapidly changing. We evaluated the association between changes in retail food stores and change in body mass index (BMI) in Mexican children and adolescents. METHODS: Data on 7507 participants aged 5-19 years old came from the Mexican Family Life Survey 2002-2012. Density of food stores at the municipal-level (number of food stores/area in km2 ) came from the Economic Censuses of 1999, 2004 and 2009...