Bilateral common carotid artery stenosis

OBJECTIVE: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a common cause of brain dysfunction. As a microRNA (also known as miRNAs or miRs), miR-30a-5p participates in neuronal damage and relates to ferroptosis. We explored the in vivo and in vitro effects and functional mechanism of miR-30a-5p in CCH-triggered cognitive impairment through the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1)/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) pathway. METHODS: After 1 month of CCH modeling through bilateral common carotid artery stenosis, mice were injected with 2μL antagomir (also known as anti-miRNAs) miR-30a-5p, with cognitive function evaluated by Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests...

In traditional Asian medicine, Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort also known as Conioselinum anthriscoides "Chuanxiong", is mainly used for improving blood circulation or for analgesic and anti-inflammatory purposes, but they also have a long history of use for pain disorders in the head and face, such as headache. Despite the possibility that the plant is effective for diseases such as cerebral infarction and vascular dementia (VaD), the mechanism of action is not well understood. To determine if the dried rhizomes of L...

Vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has become a common disease-causing cognitive deficit in humans, second only to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Chuanzhitongluo capsule (CZTL) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preparation known for its effective protection against cerebral ischemia. However, its potential to ameliorate VCI remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the cognitive improvement effects of CZTL in a mouse model of VCI. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) was induced in mice by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) to simulate the pathological changes associated with VCI...

BACKGROUND: Arteriovenous (AV) grafts often develop severe complications of stenosis due to neointimal proliferation that occurs either at the venous anastomosis site or at the outflow receiving vein. This study compares primary patency during 12 months of follow up for a new experimental Biomodics© interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) drug-eluting graft prototype with state-of-the-art GORE® ACUSEAL (ACUSEAL) in an AV graft model in sheep. METHODS AND RESULTS: An end-to-end bypass from the common carotid artery to the jugularis vein was performed bilaterally in 12 sheep...

Vascular dementia (VD) is the second most prevalent dementia type, with no drugs approved for its treatment. Here, the effects of Banhabaekchulcheonma-Tang (BBCT) on ischemic brain injury and cognitive function impairment were investigated in a bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model. Mice were divided into sham-operated, BCAS control, L-BBCT (40 ml/kg), and H-BBCT (80 ml/kg) groups. BBCT's effects were characterized using the Y-maze test, novel object recognition test (NORT), immunofluorescence staining, RNA sequencing, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway and Gene Ontology (GO) analyses...

BACKGROUND: Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common vascular anastomosis between the carotid artery and vertebrobasilar systems. We report a very rare case of dissecting aneurysm in the right internal carotid artery (ICA) with ipsilateral PTA and discuss its clinical importance. CASE REPORT: A 38-year-old male presented to the emergency department with paroxysmal dysphasia for 6h. Brain magnetic resonance (MR) imaging showed acute cerebral infarction of the right corona radiata and right parietal lobe...

Vascular dementia (VaD) represents a severe cognitive dysfunction syndrome closed linked to cardiovascular function. In the present study, we assessed the potential of Xinshubao tablet (XSB), a traditional Chinese prescription widely used for cardiovascular diseases, to mitigate neuropathological damage in a mouse model of VaD and elucidated the underlying mechanisms. Our findings revealed that oral administration of XSB rescued the cardiac dysfunction resulting from bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), improved the cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive function, reduced white matter injury, inhibited excessive microglial and astrocytic activation, stimulated hippocampal neurogenesis, and reduced neural apoptosis in the brains of BCAS mice...

White matter lesions induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion can cause vascular dementia; however, no appropriate treatments are currently available for these diseases. In this study, we investigated lipid peroxidation, which has recently been pointed out to be associated with cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia, as a therapeutic target for chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We used ethoxyquin, a lipid-soluble antioxidant, in a neuronal cell line and mouse model of the disease. The cytoprotective effect of ethoxyquin on glutamate-stimulated HT-22 cells, a mouse hippocampal cell line, was comparable to that of a ferroptosis inhibitor...

Stroke is a common complication of cardiac surgery, and carotid artery stenosis is an established risk factor for stroke. Therefore, patients with carotid artery stenosis who are undergoing cardiac surgery require proper management of the former either simultaneously or before cardiac surgery. We present a challenging case of a 67-year-old male patient who presented with generalized weakness, severe aortic stenosis, and significant bilateral carotid artery stenosis. The coexistence of these findings sparked a debate about whether to perform a carotid endarterectomy first or an aortic valve replacement...

Ocular ischemic syndrome is a rare, blinding condition that usually presents rather late. This occurs mainly due to stenosis or occlusion of the carotid artery which supplies the ocular structures. Bilateral involvement may occur in one in five cases but may be asymmetrical. We report a case of a 72-year-old gentleman with bilateral ocular ischemic syndrome secondary to left common carotid artery total occlusion and severe right proximal internal carotid artery stenosis in a patient who is an active smoker with chronic tophaceous gout...

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare clinical entity, often presenting similar to atherosclerotic acute coronary syndrome (ACS), although it is a non-atherosclerotic, non-traumatic, and non-iatrogenic coronary artery pathology. We report the case of a 36-year-old woman who presented with substernal, pressure-like chest pain without aggravating, alleviating, or associated symptoms. Initial evaluation revealed elevated troponin levels which peaked at 8.71 ng/mL. Electrocardiogram showed borderline J point elevation in the lateral leads...

INTRODUCTION: Carotid Artery Stenosis (CAS) is common in elderly patients undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR). However, the impact of CAS on the outcomes of TAVR is unclear. PURPOSE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the clinical and periprocedural outcomes in patients with and without CAS undergoing TAVR. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched until February 2023. We included studies that performed a direct comparison of outcomes of TAVR in CAS versus non-CAS patients...

BACKGROUND: The utility of screening for the degree of common carotid artery (CCA) stenosis as a predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a general population remains unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS: We studied 4775 Japanese men and women whose CCA was measured using bilateral carotid ultrasonography at baseline (April 1994-August 2001). We calculated the degree of stenosis as a percentage of the stenotic area of the lumen in the cross-section perpendicular to the long axis...

Vascular dementia is the second most common form of dementia after Alzheimer's disease. Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion is a key contributor to the development of vascular dementia. In this chapter, we describe the surgical procedures used for bilateral carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) surgery to induce chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Mice that undergo BCAS surgery develop the hallmarks of vascular dementia including white matter lesions, neuroinflammation, and cognitive impairment. This technique may be used for studies of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and vascular dementia in mice...

Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is the leading cause of chronic cerebral dysfunction syndrome with its complex pathological mechanisms involving cortical and hippocampal neuronal loss, white matter lesions, and neuroinflammation. I-C-F-6 is a septapeptide, which has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of I-C-F-6 in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH)-induced neurological injury. C57BL/6 J mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS), and BV2 microglia cells were induced with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)...

BACKGROUND: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA), the gold standard of cerebrovascular disease diagnosis, is limited in its diagnostic ability to evaluate arterial diameter. Intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) has advantages in assessing stenosis and plaque nature and improves the evaluation and effectiveness of carotid artery stenting (CAS). CASE SUMMARY: Case 1: A 65-year-old man presented with a five-year history of bilateral lower limb weakness due to stroke...

In addition to causing white matter lesions, chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) can also cause damage to gray matter, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In order to obtain a better understanding of the relationship between gene expression and transcriptional regulation alterations, novel upstream regulators could be identified using integration analysis of the transcriptome and epigenetic approaches. Here, a bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) model was established for inducing CCH in mice...

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown and cerebrovascular dysfunction may contribute to the pathology in white matter lesions and consequent cognitive decline caused by cerebral hypoperfusion. Neddylation is the process of attaching a ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 (neuronal precursor cell-expressed developmentally downregulated protein 8) to specific targets. By modifying protein substrates, neddylation plays critical roles in various important biological processes. However, whether neddylation influences the pathogenesis of hypoperfused brain remains unclear...

AIM: The carotid sinuses and aortic arch are baroreceptor-resident arteries (BRAs) and atherosclerosis-susceptible sites of brain-supplying arteries, which would impair baroreflex-mediated blood pressure (BP) regulation and prompt coronary atherosclerosis. We sought to determine the relationship between total atherosclerosis burden (TAB) of BRAs and coronary atherosclerosis burden (AB) in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) and explore the potential contribution of BP profiles to this relationship...

INTRODUCTION: We prospectively evaluated morphologic and functional changes in the carotid arteries of patients treated with unilateral neck radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer. METHODS: Bilateral carotid artery duplex studies were performed at 0, 3, 6, 12, 18 months and 2, 3, 4, and 5 years following RT. Intima media thickness (IMT); global and regional circumferential, as well as radial strain, arterial elasticity, stiffness, and distensibility were calculated...