Strain and strain rate 2D speckle tracking

Aim      To determine the incidence rate and the practical significance of right ventricular dysfunction (RVD) in the development of cardiovascular complications in patients with decompensated chronic heart failure (DCHF).Material and methods  This prospective, single-site observational study included 171 patients older than 18 years with NYHA functional class (FC) II-IV chronic heart failure (CHF) who were hospitalized for DCHF. Standard and extended 2D and 3D echocardiography (EchoCG) was performed for all patients on admission...

Arterial thromboembolism (ATE) in cats usually relates to cardiogenic causes that can be diagnosed by conventional echocardiography. Two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is a new ultrasound modality with higher sensitivity. Our objective was to investigate left atrial myocardial deformation in cats with both cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic ATE and normal cats using 2D-STE. Twenty-three normal cats and 21 cats with ATE cats were recruited and performed conventional echocardiography and 2D-STE...

PURPOSE: Speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) can help to identify subclinical features of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). There is, however, significant heterogeneity in the reported strain values in literature. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare cardiac systolic strain values assessed by 2D-STE in asymptomatic adults with diabetes mellitus (DM) and healthy controls. METHODS: Five databases were searched, and a total of 41 valid studies (6668 individuals with DM and 7218 controls) were included for analysis...

BACKGROUND: Heart rate recovery (HRR) in the exercise test is the index of cardiac autonomic system function and sympathovagal balance impaired in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). An instance is left atrial (LA) phasic function, which is impaired in such patients. In this study, we investigated the role of HRR in predicting LA phasic functions in patients with MI. METHODS: The present study recruited 144 consecutive patients with ST-elevation MI. A symptom-limited exercise test was performed about 5 weeks after MI, with echocardiography conducted just before the exercise test...

BACKGROUND: The predictive value of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) to predict outcomes in different left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) cohorts is not well known. We aimed to assess the role of LV GLS predicting outcomes in HF patients by LVEF. METHODS: In the Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy (MADIT-CRT), we studied 1077 patients (59%) with 2D speckle tracking data available, 437 patients with LVEF > 30% and 640 with LVEF ≤ 30%...

OBJECTIVES: Evidence indicates left atrial (LA) involvement in vasovagal syncope (VVS). The LA regulates left ventricular filling during the cardiac cycle. We aimed to assess LA function in patients with VVS by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography. METHODS: Sixty-nine consecutive patients with VVS were recruited. Based on the head-up tilt test (HUTT) results, the study population was divided into 2 groups: HUTT+ (n = 45) and HUTT- (n = 24). Fifty-one consecutive subjects were enrolled as the control group...

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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the functional parameters of the left atrium (LA) derived from deformation imaging, two-dimensional (2D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE), and tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) strain and strain rate (SR) and the function of the left atrial appendage (LAA) as measured by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in patients with primary valvular heart disease. METHODS: This cross-sectional research included 200 primary valvular heart disease cases, categorized into Group I (n = 74) with thrombus and Group II (n = 126) without thrombus...

OBJECTIVE: Bariatric surgery is a successful treatment for sustainable weight loss and has been associated with improvement in cardiovascular function. Pregnancy after bariatric surgery is becoming increasingly common; however, little is known about the maternal cardiovascular system postsurgery. The aim of this study was to investigate maternal cardiovascular adaptation to pregnancy in women with previous bariatric surgery, compared with that in women with no history of weight-loss surgery and an early-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) similar to the presurgery BMI of the postbariatric women...

OBJECTIVE: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) is a sensitive and reproducible predictive factor in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), although its correlation with exercise tolerance is unknown. We aimed to identify the correlation between global longitudinal strain (GLS) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) parameters and assess the prognostic implications and accuracy of GLS in predicting exercise intolerance in populations with ischemic heart disease (IHD) using CPET criteria...

Pediatric patients with β-thalassemia (β-TM) with preserved ejection fraction may experience early myocardial damage. This prospective study aimed to investigate left atrial (LA) function restructure in pediatric patients with β-TM by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and evaluate the value of LA strain for predicting myocardial iron overload (MIO). We recruited 50 β-TM pediatric patients and 30 healthy children aged 3-14 years. The patients were assigned to a normal left ventricular (LV) lesion group (n = 20) and an enlarged LV lesion group (n = 30)...

AIMS: Strain artefacts are known to hamper the correct interpretation of segmental strain and strain-rate (S/SR). Defining the normal ranges of myocardial segmental deformation is important in clinical studies and routine echocardiographic practice. In order to define artefact-free normal ranges for segmental longitudinal S/SR parameters, we investigated the extent to which different types of artefacts and their segmental localisation in the three different myocardial layers created a bias in the results of echocardiographic strain measurements...

AIMS: Aortic stenosis (AS) induces characteristic changes in left ventricular (LV) mechanics that can be reversed after aortic valve replacement (AVR). We aimed to comprehensively characterize LV mechanics before and after AVR in patients with severe AS and identify predictors of short-term functional recovery and long-term survival. METHODS AND RESULTS: We prospectively performed comprehensive strain analysis by 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography in 88 patients with severe AS and LV ejection fraction ≥50% (mean age 71 ± 12 years, 42% female) prior to and within 7 days after AVR...

BACKGROUND: Cancer therapeutics-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) from different chemotherapy strategies are underdetermined by echocardiography. As an imaging marker of subclinical cardiac dysfunction, two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) may assist in identifying the impact patterns of different CTRCD. METHODS: A total of 67 consecutive patients with invasive ductal breast carcinoma who will undertake neoadjuvant chemotherapy were enrolled and grouped according to their different chemotherapy regimens based on their biopsy results...

BACKGROUND: Two-dimensional (2D) strain imaging has become an important tool in assessing subclinical myocardial dysfunction in children. However, there are no published normal values for vendor-independent strain software. The aim of this study was to estimate 2D strain values in a cohort of healthy children using Tomtec cardiac performance analysis (CPA), a vendor-independent software. METHODS: Transthoracic echocardiograms of healthy pediatric outpatients (0-18 years) were retrospectively analyzed from the Vanderbilt Pediatric Heart Institute using CPA...

PURPOSE: Two-dimensional (2D) strain analysis is a sensitive method for detecting myocardial dysfunction in acute cellular rejection (ACR) from post-transplant complications. This study aims to evaluate the utility of novel left (LV) and right ventricular (RV) strain parameters for prognostic risk stratification associated with ACR burden at 1-year post transplantation. METHODS: 128 Heart transplant patients, assessed between 2012 and 2018, underwent transthoracic echocardiography and endomyocardial biopsy...

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare percutaneous catheter ablation vs. minimally invasive surgical ablation, evaluating the impact of repeated ablation on atrial function, and evaluating predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. Background: When AF ablation fails, re-ablations are required in up to 40% of patients to treat recurrent arrhythmia; surgical ablation is more effective than catheter ablation. Methods: Thirty-two patients with failed prior catheter ablation and referred for a second ablation (18 catheter and 14 surgical) were included in a descriptive observational study...

BACKGROUND: Iron deficiency is one of the most common metabolic disorders worldwide and affects multiple organs and systems including the cardiovascular (CV) system. Iron deficiency can cause structural and functional changes in the myocardium. The aim of the study is to evaluate left ventricular (LV) functions in patients with low ferritin levels without anemia by two-dimensional "speckle tracking" echocardiography (2D STE). METHODS: We studied 90 participants (all female) that were divided into two groups according to ferritin levels (49 patients with ferritin levels <30 ng/mL, 41 age-matched controls with >30 ng/mL)...

Anthracyclines have been one of the most important therapeutic methods in breast cancer therapy for decades. However, serious long-term toxicities, especially cardiotoxicity limits the continuous usage of anthracyclines, hence affects long term prognosis. Early detection of myocardial dysfunction during treatment is critical but challenging. Two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) is a non-Doppler technique that can assess deformation and strain by tracking displacement of acoustic markers in the myocardium...

Objective myocardial contractility assessment during stress tests aims to improve the diagnosis of myocardial ischemia. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) or optical flow (OF) speckle tracking echocardiography has been used to quantify myocardial contractility at rest. However, this is more challenging during stress tests due to image decorrelation at high heart rates. Moreover, stress tests imply a high frame rate which leads to a limited lateral field-of-view. Therefore, a large lateral field-of-view robust ultrafast myocardial regularized lateral field-of-view robust ultrafast myocardial regularized OF-TDI principal strain estimator has been developed for high-frame-rate echocardiography of coherently compounded transmitted diverging waves...