AAN

A 73-year-old man was presented with painless, bilateral swelling of the submandibular salivary glands and unilateral swelling of the parotid gland on the right side, and complaints of dry mouth. A parotid biopsy was taken and a serologic exam was carried out, resulting in the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease. IgG4-related disease is a rare systemic disorder that can cause symptoms in the head and neck region. Usually there are complaints of bilateral, painless swelling of the submandibular, parotid and/or lacrimal glands, with or without complaints of dryness of the mouth and eyes...

BACKGROUND: There is currently a limited understanding of the identification, nature, and treatment of Atypical Anorexia Nervosa (AAN). Recent systematic reviews have identified only small numbers of candidate papers, and some areas lack any meaningful review so far - particularly treatment outcomes. A key issue is the lack of clarity in the literature regarding the definition of weight loss criteria. OBJECTIVES: This scoping review aimed to determine the nature and extent of our knowledge of AAN, in order to assist in the development of future systematic reviews and meta-analyses, as well as indicating what further research is needed...

Dr. Sanford Larson, MD, PhD (1929-2012), was an influential figure in spinal neurosurgery. Dr. Larson played a pivotal role in establishing neurosurgery's foothold in spinal surgery by serving as the inaugural chair of the Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves and as a president of the Cervical Spine Research Society. He made many advances in spine care, most notably the modification and popularization of the lateral extracavitary approach to the thoracolumbar spine. Dr. Larson established the neurosurgery residency program at the Medical College of Wisconsin; he also instituted the program's spine fellowship, the first in the United States for neurological surgeons...

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to analyze the academic attributes of the presidents of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) and the Congress of Neurological Surgeons (CNS) over the past four decades to elucidate the trajectories of these societies' leaderships. METHODS: Forty-three AANS and 43 CNS presidents of the past four decades were identified. Demographic and research productivity data were collected from publicly available sources...

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive stage, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), are becoming one of the most common chronic liver diseases globally. Lifestyle interventions such as weight reduction, increased physical activity, and maintaining healthy diets play a pivotal role in managing NAFLD/NASH. Recent studies suggest that the gut microbiome is associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, prompting microbiome-targeted therapy to emerge as a new therapeutic option for NAFLD/NASH...

BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis Type 1 is an autosomal dominant tumour-predisposition condition commonly diagnosed in childhood and fully penetrant by adulthood. Long-term monitoring through imaging is inconsistent and varies between high- and low-income countries. Implementation of a clinical practice guideline through a multidisciplinary clinic is instrumental to the care of adult Neurofibromatosis Type 1 patients. We aim to systematically review international diagnostic modalities and strategies to evaluate any association between a country's socioeconomic status and diagnostic modalities or strategies used for Neurofibromatosis Type 1 patients...

STUDY DESIGN: Scoping Review. OBJECTIVE: To review the literature and summarize information on checklists and algorithms for responding to intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) alerts and management of intraoperative spinal cord injuries (ISCIs). METHODS: MEDLINE® was searched from inception through January 26, 2022 as were sources of grey literature. We attempted to obtain guidelines and/or consensus statements from the following sources: American Association of Neuromuscular & Electrodiagnostic Medicine (AANEM), American Academy of Neurology (AAN), American Clinical Neurophysiology Society, NASS (North American Spine Society), and other spine surgery organizations...

STUDY DESIGN: Clinical practice guideline development following the GRADE process. OBJECTIVES: Hemodynamic management is one of the only available treatment options that likely improves neurologic outcomes in patients with acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). Augmenting mean arterial pressure (MAP) aims to improve blood perfusion and oxygen delivery to the injured spinal cord in order to minimize secondary ischemic damage to neural tissue. The objective of this guideline was to update the 2013 AANS/CNS recommendations on the hemodynamic management of patients with acute traumatic SCI, acknowledging that much has been published in this area since its publication...

Aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) has drawn increasing public attention. Organic anion transporters (OATs) are considered to be responsible for mediating nephrotoxicity of aristolochic acids (AAs), as AAs are typical OAT1 substrates that exhibit anionic properties and contain one hydrophobic domain. Inspired by the OAT1 three-dimensional structure or substrate/protein interactions involved in transport, we designed a magnetic polymeric hybrid, mimicking the effect of basic and aromatic residues of OAT1, for efficient enriching aristolochic acid I (AA I) and aristolochic acid II (AA II) in Traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPM)...

About one-third of patients with depression do not achieve adequate response to current treatment options. Although intravenous and intranasal administrations of (es)ketamine have shown antidepressant properties, their accessibility and scalability are limited. We investigated the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of generic oral esketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in a randomized placebo-controlled trial with open-label extension. This study consisted of 1) a six-week fixed low-dose treatment phase during which 111 participants received oral esketamine 30 mg or placebo three times a day; 2) a four-week wash-out phase; and 3) an optional six-week open-label individually titrated treatment phase during which participants received 0...

Mutations in mexZ, encoding a negative regulator of the expression of the mexXY efflux pump genes, are frequently acquired by Pseudomonas aeruginosa at early stages of lung infection. Although traditionally related to resistance to the first-line drug tobramycin, mexZ mutations are associated with low-level aminoglycoside resistance when determined in the laboratory, suggesting that their selection during infection may not be necessarily, or only, related to tobramycin therapy. Here, we show that mexZ-mutated bacteria tend to accumulate inside the epithelial barrier of a human airway infection model, thus colonising the epithelium while being protected against diverse antibiotics...

PURPOSE: To identify unique treatment considerations for youth with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) and premorbid overweight or obesity, we examined unique relationships between premorbid and presenting weight status and medical sequelae in youth with AN/AAN requiring medical hospitalization. DESIGN AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective study of 150 youth aged mean [SD] of 14.1[2.3] years, hospitalized for AN/AAN. Independent t-tests and Fischer's exact tests assessed differences in demographic and clinical characteristics by premorbid weight status...

This study aimed to explore the co-application of MnSO4 (Mn) and biochar (BC) in nitrogen conversion during the composting process. A 70-day aerobic composting was conducted using swine slurry, supplemented with different levels of Mn (0, 0.25%, and 0.5%) and 5% BC. The results demonstrated that the treatment with 0.5MnBC had the highest levels of NH4 + -N (3.07 g kg-1 ), TKN (29.90 g kg-1 ), and NO3 - -N (1.94 g kg-1 ) among all treatments. Additionally, the 0.5MnBC treatment demonstrated higher urease, protease, nitrate reductase, and nitrite reductase activities than the other treatments, with the peak values of 18...

INTRODUCTION: Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) are rare, benign intracranial tumours that have prompted clinical practice guideline (CPG) creation given their complex management. Our aim was to utilize the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) instrument to assess if such CPGs on the management of VSs with radiosurgery and radiotherapy are of acceptable quality. METHODS: Relevant CPGs were identified following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocols...

BACKGROUND: Guidelines for early discharge (ED) strategies after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) in low-risk patients still need to be informed. Previous meta-analysis evidence is considered to have limitations, from the level of heterogeneity, which is still relatively high, and the sample size still needed to be more significant. PURPOSE: This study aims to identify the safety of early discharge after PPCI in low-risk patients. METHODS: The literature search used five primary databases: CINAHL, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Taylor and Francis, and one search engine: Google Scholar...

INTRODUCTION: Generally, mothers provide the majority of caring for children who have Down syndrome. They pose challenges not only with regard to the acceptability of the child situation but also with regard to the provision of care for children with DS. AIM: To explore the experiences of mothers parenting children with DS in Indonesia, to give a better understanding of their needs, which is necessary for the delivery of treatment. METHODS: A descriptive qualitative research with content analysis was used...

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BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with higher prevalence in low and middle-income countries. Self-efficacy (SE) is an essential element that affects a patients ability to manage their care, and low SE levels in patients with CHD can lead to poor health outcomes and quality of life. Planning suitable methods to improve SE in CHD patients is essential. PURPOSE: This review explores health education methods to improve SE in patients with CHD...

Atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN), purging disorder (PD), night eating syndrome (NES), and subthreshold bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder (Sub-BN/BED) are the five categories that comprise the 'Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder' (OSFED) category in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5). In this review, we examine problems with the diagnostic criteria that are currently proposed for the five OSFED types. We conclude that the existing diagnostic criteria for OSFED are deficient and fall short of accurately describing the complexity and individuality of those with these eating disorders (EDs)...

INTRODUCTION: The internet is an essential resource for patients and their loved ones to understand their medical conditions, and professional medical organizations have taken great strides to develop educational material targeting patients. The average American reads at a seventh to eighth grade reading level, hence it is important to understand the readability of this medical information to ensure patients comprehend what is being presented. METHODS: In January 2023, online patient education material was downloaded from major cerebrovascular healthcare organizations and assessed using eight assessments, including Bormuth Cloze Mean, Bormuth Grade Placement, Coleman-Liau (grade levels), Coleman-Liau (predictive cloze scores), Flesch Reading Ease (FRE), and Fry...