Motor vehicle accident

OBJECTIVE: Many children with physical disabilities need additional postural support when sitting and supplementary padding is used on standards approved child restraints to achieve this when traveling in a motor vehicle. However, the effect of this padding on crash protection for a child is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effect of additional padding for postural support on crash protection for child occupants in forward facing child restraints. METHODS: Forty frontal sled tests at 49 km/h were conducted to compare Q1 anthropometric test device (ATD) responses in a forward-facing restraint, with and without additional padding in locations to increase recline of the restraint, and/or support the head, trunk and pelvis...

PURPOSE: Mandible fractures are the second most common fractures of the facial skeleton because of the prominent position of the lower jaw. The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence of mandibular fractures based on their causes and locations. MATERIALS AND METHOD: A systematic search of 3 electronic databases from January 2010 and January 2020 was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines...

BACKGROUND: Penetrating cardiac injuries are usually fatal and associated with poor survival rates. CASE PRESENTATION: A 69-year-old man was injured in a motor vehicle accident and suffered from left hemothorax and multiple rib fractures near the heart. A comprehensive assessment raised suspicions of lacerated pericardium and myocardial injury. Consequently, a thoracoscopy was performed 9 h after injury. A penetrating cardiac injury was detected and surgically treated via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery...

An 18-year-old female presented to the emergency department after a motor vehicle collision. Initial imaging revealed a liver laceration. Subsequent labs showed significantly elevated prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, and activated partial thromboplastin time. Thromboelastography demonstrated a flatline tracing. The patient denied use of anticoagulation but admitted to synthetic cannabinoid use. It was believed the patient had taken synthetic cannabinoid contaminated by brodifacoum. She was therefore given prothrombin complex concentrate and vitamin K with blood products...

Although the specific relationship between concussion and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) has not been fully elucidated, it is generally understood that the pathologic response after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is linked with systolic cardiac dysfunction. In this case, we present a patient with multiple concussion injuries over a five-year period who exhibited severe cardiac and autonomic dysfunction, in addition to prolonged impairments in vestibular function, oculomotor function, cognitive function, and headaches...

At present, a substantial number of individuals in the US face limited English proficiency (LEP), posing difficulties for healthcare providers. Language barriers between healthcare providers and patients can lead to poor quality of care, especially in patients with hyperacute conditions such as stroke, myocardial infarction, acute trauma, and more. In the intensive care unit (ICU), diagnosis and rapid treatment decision-making rely on taking an accurate patient history and physical exam. While in-person interpreters are the gold standard for patients with LEP, the fast-paced nature of the ICU may require alternate modes of using interpreting services to fit ICU workflows...

The increasing incidence of road traffic injuries (RTIs) has contributed to the disability and death of millions of people on both a national and global level. This retrospective study was conducted at King Fahad University Hospital (KFUH), Khobar, Saudi Arabia, and included all patients who presented at the emergency department due to road traffic accidents (RTAs) between January 1st , 2022, and December 31st , 2022. Patient data was retrieved from the health information system at KFUH. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed with several variables analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and factorial ANOVA (MANOVA)...

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of maxillofacial and head injuries associated with electric scooters (e-scooter, ES) has risen in concordance with its popularity. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare maxillofacial and head injury location, type, and severity related to ES and bicycle accidents and to identify factors contributing to injury severity. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, SAMPLE: The authors implemented a multicenter retrospective cohort study in Seattle, Washington, and enrolled a sample of ES riders and bicyclists who sustained maxillofacial injuries between September 2020 and September 2022...

INTRODUCTION: Barton fractures are distal radius fractures that extend through the dorsal aspect of the articular surface, with associated dislocation of the radiocarpal joint. They are extremely unstable and require open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Delayed presentation is often encountered with difficulty in achieving reduction, and more extensive surgery may be needed. Here, we present a case of a 3-week-old neglected volar Barton fracture of the right wrist treated with the conventional method in a rural setting...

BACKGROUND: Blunt cardiac injuries rarely result in aortic valve cusp rupture, leading to acute aortic insufficiency and cardiogenic shock. This rare clinical entity carries a high mortality rate if left undiagnosed and not managed surgically, with few patients surviving beyond 24 h. It presents a diagnostic challenge in the polytrauma patient in shock, with multiple possible and complementary etiologies. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a 56-year-old male with persistent hypotension, a wide pulse pressure, and elevated serum troponin levels suggesting blunt cardiac injury after a motor vehicle accident...

BACKGROUND: Inferior vena cava thrombosis (IVC-Th) is a rare clinical entity after blunt abdominal trauma. It has both diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. Pulmonary embolism is the most dreadful complication and the leading cause of mortality after IVC-Th. Therefore, accurate prompt diagnosis is crucial. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to present a case of IVC-Th in a young male patient who had a blunt traumatic abdominal injury after a motor vehicle accident...

Superficial siderosis (SS) is a rare condition in which chronic accumulation of the blood in the subarachnoid space over time leads to the buildup of hemosiderin deposits, which in turn cause neurological dysfunction in those affected. While reversibility of the damage done by this condition is nearly impossible, early detection can allow for immediate surgical intervention and thus prevent further progression of ataxia, hearing loss, and other neurological deficits caused by SS. We present a case of a 53-year-old male who was successfully diagnosed with SS secondary to a chronic post-traumatic pseudomeningocele and underwent surgical repair with the resolution of his symptoms...

INTRODUCTION: Social determinants of health (SDH) are factors that may impact outcomes following pediatric traumatic brain injuries (TBI). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between race and functional outcomes in a diverse pediatric population. We further explored how this association may be modified by SDH factors, including insurance status, social vulnerability, and child opportunity. METHODS: A cohort study ( N = 401) of children aged 0-18 [median = 9...

Painful traumatic trigeminal neuropathy (PTTN) is a chronic neuropathic pain that may develop following injury to the trigeminal nerve. Etiologies include cranio-orofacial trauma that may result from dental, surgical, or anesthetic procedures or physical trauma, such as a motor vehicle accident. Following nerve injury, there are various mechanisms, including peripheral and central, as well as phenotypic changes and genetic predispositions that may contribute to the development of neuropathic pain. In this article, we review current literature pertaining to the cellular processes that occur following traumatic damage to the trigeminal nerve, also called cranial nerve V, that results in chronic neuropathic pain...

BACKGROUND: Major traumatic haemorrhage is potentially preventable with rapid haemorrhage control and improved resuscitation techniques. Although advances in prehospital trauma management, haemorrhage is still associated with high mortality. The aim of this study was to use a recent pragmatic transfusion-based definition of major bleeding to characterize patients at risk of major bleeding and associated outcomes in this cohort after trauma. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study including all trauma patients (n = 7020) admitted to a tertiary trauma center from January 2015 to June 2020...

Despite the effectiveness of seatbelts, concerns persist about compliance, especially among teenagers. Survey data from a local high school and registry data from a level 1 trauma center were used to observe seatbelt and motor vehicle accident trends. The survey data was analyzed to gauge student's sentiments on seatbelt education. The trauma center data was analyzed to identify characteristics and trends among teenage motor vehicle accidents. Social media was the most common strategy selected for seatbelt safety awareness...

Background: An osteochondral defect in the hip can be a painful and limiting pathologic process. The damaged joint may progress into premature osteoarthritis, further limiting a patient's functionality. Case Report: A 24-year-old male presented to the clinic with left hip pain. The patient had been involved in a motor vehicle accident 3 years prior to presentation to our clinic. His injury from the high-speed accident required intramedullary rod fixation for a right-sided (contralateral) subtrochanteric femur fracture...

PURPOSE: Road traffic accidents pose a global challenge with substantial human and economic costs globally. Iran experiences a high incidence of road traffic injuries, leading to a significant burden on society. This study aims to predict the future burden of road traffic injuries in Iran until 2030, providing valuable insights for policy-making and interventions to improve road safety and reduce the associated human and economic costs. METHODS: This analytical study utilized time series models, specifically autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) and artificial neural networks (ANNs), to predict the burden of road traffic accidents by analyzing past data to identify patterns and trends in Iran until 2030...

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to perform gait analysis using a pressure-sensitive walkway in dogs submitted to high (total) or low amputation (partial) of one forelimb or hindlimb. STUDY DESIGN:  A total of 39 dogs met the inclusion criteria. The reasons for the amputations were motor vehicle accidents in 38 dogs and possible limb malformation in 1 dog. The amputee dogs were divided into four groups: G1 ( n  = 10)-high forelimb; G2 ( n  = 10)-low forelimb; G3 ( n  = 9)-high hindlimb; and G4 ( n  = 10)-low hindlimb...

An 18-year-old male subject was referred to our MRI scanning center, by an orthopedic surgeon, for a swelling over the plantar region of the foot. He had been in a motor vehicle accident a few weeks back, with no evidence of fracture at the time of injury. In subsequent weeks, he developed a swelling over his foot. MRI showed the presence of a fluid intensity lesion in the subdermal and dermal layers of his foot. Unguarded motor vehicle accidents often tend to cause severe injuries. Sometimes, they even need operative management since a motor vehicle collision is a high-impact accident...