keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38537045/digital-analysis-of-unilateral-ptosis-repair-external-levator-advancement-vs-m%C3%A3-ller-s-muscle-conjunctival-resection
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Serdar Bilici, Tomurcuk Harbigil-Sever, Suat Hayri Ugurbas
PURPOSE: Evaluation of lid contour and marginal peak point changes to compare outcomes of external levator advancement and Miiller's muscle conjunctival resection surgery in unilateral ptosis. METHODS: We reviewed the charts of unilateral ptosis patients who underwent external levator advancement or Miiller's muscle conjunctival resection. Eyelid contour analysis was conducted on preoperative and 6-month postoperative digital images. This was performed with the multiple margin reflex distances technique, measuring the vertical distance from a line intersecting the center of the pupil to the eyelid margin at 10 positions at 2 mm intervals...
2024: Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536861/predictors-for-participation-in-mass-treatment-and-female-genital-schistosomiasis-re-investigation-and-the-effect-of-praziquantel-treatment-in-south-african-adolescents
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takalani Girly Nemungadi, Elisabeth Kleppa, Hashini Nilushika Galappaththi-Arachchige, Pavitra Pillay, Svein Gunnar Gundersen, Birgitte Jyding Vennervald, Patricia Doris Ndhlovu, Myra Taylor, Saloshni Naidoo, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland
OBJECTIVE: Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) causes intravaginal lesions and symptoms that could be mistaken for sexually transmitted diseases or cancer. In adults, FGS lesions [grainy sandy patches (GSP), homogenous yellow patches (HYP), abnormal blood vessels and rubbery papules] are refractory to treatment. The effect of treatment has never been explored in young women; it is unclear if gynaecological investigation will be possible in this young age group (16-23 years). We explored the predictors for accepting anti-schistosomal treatment and/or gynaecological reinvestigation in young women, and the effects of anti-schistosomal mass-treatment (praziquantel) on the clinical manifestations of FGS at an adolescent age...
March 27, 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535763/automated-analysis-pipeline-for-extracting-saccade-pupil-and-blink-parameters-using-video-based-eye-tracking
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian C Coe, Jeff Huang, Donald C Brien, Brian J White, Rachel Yep, Douglas P Munoz
The tremendous increase in the use of video-based eye tracking has made it possible to collect eye tracking data from thousands of participants. The traditional procedures for the manual detection and classification of saccades and for trial categorization (e.g., correct vs. incorrect) are not viable for the large datasets being collected. Additionally, video-based eye trackers allow for the analysis of pupil responses and blink behaviors. Here, we present a detailed description of our pipeline for collecting, storing, and cleaning data, as well as for organizing participant codes, which are fairly lab-specific but nonetheless, are important precursory steps in establishing standardized pipelines...
March 18, 2024: Vision
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534843/bio-inspired-dark-adaptive-nighttime-object-detection
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kuo-Feng Hung, Kang-Ping Lin
Nighttime object detection is challenging due to dim, uneven lighting. The IIHS research conducted in 2022 shows that pedestrian anti-collision systems are less effective at night. Common solutions utilize costly sensors, such as thermal imaging and LiDAR, aiming for highly accurate detection. Conversely, this study employs a low-cost 2D image approach to address the problem by drawing inspiration from biological dark adaptation mechanisms, simulating functions like pupils and photoreceptor cells. Instead of relying on extensive machine learning with day-to-night image conversions, it focuses on image fusion and gamma correction to train deep neural networks for dark adaptation...
March 3, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534541/development-of-a-smartphone-based-system-for-intrinsically-photosensitive-retinal-ganglion-cells-targeted-chromatic-pupillometry
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Isabel Sousa, Carlos Marques-Neves, Pedro Manuel Vieira
Chromatic Pupillometry, used to assess Pupil Light Reflex (PLR) to a coloured light stimulus, has regained interest since the discovery of melanopsin in the intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs). This technique has shown the potential to be used as a screening tool for neuro-ophthalmological diseases; however, most of the pupillometers available are expensive and not portable, making it harder for them to be used as a widespread screening tool. In this study, we developed a smartphone-based system for chromatic pupillometry that allows targeted stimulation of the ipRGCs...
March 9, 2024: Bioengineering
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532792/interpersonal-eye-tracking-reveals-the-dynamics-of-interacting-minds
#6
REVIEW
Sophie Wohltjen, Thalia Wheatley
The human eye is a rich source of information about where, when, and how we attend. Our gaze paths indicate where and what captures our attention, while changes in pupil size can signal surprise, revealing our expectations. Similarly, the pattern of our blinks suggests levels of alertness and when our attention shifts between external engagement and internal thought. During interactions with others, these cues reveal how we coordinate and share our mental states. To leverage these insights effectively, we need accurate, timely methods to observe these cues as they naturally unfold...
2024: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38532171/the-pupil-as-indicator-of-a-cranial-vault-under-pressure-on-sir-william-macewen-contributions
#7
EDITORIAL
Eelco F M Wijdicks
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 26, 2024: Neurocritical Care
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38530635/circadian-photoentrainment-varies-by-season-and-depressed-state-associations-between-light-sensitivity-and-sleep-and-circadian-timing
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Delainey L Wescott, Brant P Hasler, Peter L Franzen, Maddison L Taylor, Alison M Klevens, Paul Gamlin, Greg J Siegle, Kathryn A Roecklein
STUDY OBJECTIVES: Altered light sensitivity may be an underlying vulnerability for disrupted circadian photoentrainment. The photic information necessary for circadian photoentrainment is sent to the circadian clock from melanopsin-containing intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs). The current study tested whether the responsivity of ipRGCs measured using the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) was associated with circadian phase, sleep timing, and circadian alignment, and if these relationships varied by season or depression severity...
March 6, 2024: Sleep
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529959/-predicting-intraocular-lens-tilt-using-a-machine-learning-concept
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Klemens Waser, Andreas Honeder, Nino Hirnschall, Haidar Khalil, Leon Pomberger, Peter Laubichler, Siegfried Mariacher, Matthias Bolz
OBJECTIVE: Aim of this study was to use a combination of partial least squares regression and a machine learning approach to predict IOL tilt using pre-operative biometry data. SETTING: Patients scheduled for cataract surgery at the Kepler University Clinic Linz. DESIGN: Prospective single center study. METHODS: Optical coherence tomography, autorefraction and subjective refraction was performed at baseline and 8 weeks after cataract surgery...
March 26, 2024: Journal of Cataract and Refractive Surgery
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38529093/applicability-and-usefulness-of-pupillometry-in-the-study-of-lexical-access-a-scoping-review-of-primary-research
#10
Carlos Rojas, Yuri E Vega-Rodríguez, Gabriel Lagos, María Gabriela Cabrera-Miguieles, Yasna Sandoval, Jaime Crisosto-Alarcón
Pupil dilation has been associated with the effort required to perform various cognitive tasks. At the lexical level, some studies suggest that this neurophysiological measure would provide objective, real-time information during word processing and lexical access. However, due to the scarcity and incipient advancement of this line of research, its applicability, use, and sensitivity are not entirely clear. This scoping review aims to determine the applicability and usefulness of pupillometry in the study of lexical access by providing an up-to-date overview of research in this area...
2024: Frontiers in Psychology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38526773/tolerance-to-decentration-of-biaspheric-intraocular-lenses-with-refractive-phase-ring-extended-depth-of-focus-and-diffractive-trifocal-designs
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alejandro Cerviño, Jose Juan Esteve-Taboada, Yi-Feng Chiu, Chuan-Hui Yang, Wen-Chu Tseng, William Lee
PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the in vitro tolerance to decentration of biaspheric intraocular lens (IOLs) with refractive phase-ring extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) and diffractive trifocal designs. METHODS: This experimental study was carried out at the Department of Optics and Optometry and Vision Science, University of Valencia, Spain. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the ETLIO130C EDOF and the TFLIO130C trifocal IOLs (AST Products Inc., Billerica, MA, USA) were determined at different levels of decentration for a given wavelength and pupil diameter using the PMTF optical bench (Lambda-X Ophthalmics, Nivelles, Belgium)...
March 25, 2024: Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38525214/link-between-individual-resilience-and-aggressiveness-in-dental-students-and-the-mediating-effect-of-spirituality-a-path-analysis
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shamim Anjum, Gaurav Mishra, Nishita Kankane, Jitendra Khetan, Namrata Mahajan, Aditi Patel, Kumar G Chhabra
BACKGROUND: The role of spirituality in people's lives, particularly the lives of health professionals, as well as its impact on mental health issues like anger and aggressiveness and resilience, are particularly significant. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the link between the propensity for violence and personal resilience in dental students by taking into account the function of spirituality as a mediator. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional questionnaire survey, 211 volunteer dentistry students participated from a government institute in Jammu and Kashmir, India using a stratified sample procedure...
2024: Journal of Education and Health Promotion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38523125/communication-under-sharply-degraded-auditory-input-and-the-2-sentence-problem
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mario A Svirsky, Jonathan D Neukam, Nicole Hope Capach, Nicole M Amichetti, Annette Lavender, Arthur Wingfield
OBJECTIVES: Despite performing well in standard clinical assessments of speech perception, many cochlear implant (CI) users report experiencing significant difficulties when listening in real-world environments. We hypothesize that this disconnect may be related, in part, to the limited ecological validity of tests that are currently used clinically and in research laboratories. The challenges that arise from degraded auditory information provided by a CI, combined with the listener's finite cognitive resources, may lead to difficulties when processing speech material that is more demanding than the single words or single sentences that are used in clinical tests...
March 25, 2024: Ear and Hearing
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38521995/non-image-forming-vision-as-measured-through-iprgc-mediated-pupil-constriction-is-not-modulated-by-covert-visual-attention
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ana Vilotijević, Sebastiaan Mathôt
In brightness, the pupil constricts, while in darkness, the pupil dilates; this is known as the pupillary light response (PLR). The PLR is driven by all photoreceptors: rods and cones, which contribute to image-forming vision, and intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs), which mainly contribute to non-image-forming vision. Rods and cones cause immediate pupil constriction upon light exposure, whereas ipRGCs cause sustained constriction throughout light exposure. Recent studies have shown that covert attention modulated the initial PLR; however, it remains unclear whether the same holds for the sustained PLR...
March 1, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38518242/analysis-of-indicators-of-caries-of-permanent-teeth-in-children-according-to-the-endemic-features-of-the-poltava-region-ukraine
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lyudmila I Amosova, Lyudmyla F Kaskova, Oksana S Pavlenkova, Olena V Khmil, Svitlana Ch Novikova, Larysa P Ulasevych
OBJECTIVE: Aim: This research is focused at analyzing the indicators and substantiating the peculiarities of caries prevention in permanent teeth in schoolchildren of Poltava region, taking into account the endemic features of the Poltava region. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: A comparative study was conducted among 608 pupils of secondary schools in Kremenchuk, who consumed drinking water with fluoride concentrations in the lower limits of the norm, and 1214 pupils of secondary schools in Poltava, who consumed drinking water with fluoride concentrations in the optimal upper limits of the norm...
2024: Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski: Organ Polskiego Towarzystwa Lekarskiego
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38517176/auditory-aversive-generalization-learning-prompts-threat-specific-changes-in-alpha-band-activity
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Andrew H Farkas, Richard T Ward, Faith E Gilbert, Jourdan Pouliot, Payton Chiasson, Skylar McIlvanie, Caitlin Traiser, Kierstin Riels, Ryan Mears, Andreas Keil
Pairing a neutral stimulus with aversive outcomes prompts neurophysiological and autonomic changes in response to the conditioned stimulus (CS+), compared to cues that signal safety (CS-). One of these changes-selective amplitude reduction of parietal alpha-band oscillations-has been reliably linked to processing of visual CS+. It is, however, unclear to what extent auditory conditioned cues prompt similar changes, how these changes evolve as learning progresses, and how alpha reduction in the auditory domain generalizes to similar stimuli...
March 1, 2024: Cerebral Cortex
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38516719/machine-learning-based-nomogram-to-predict-poor-response-to-overnight-orthokeratology-in-chinese-myopic-children-a-multicentre-retrospective-study
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wenting Tang, Jiaqian Li, Xuelin Fu, Quan Lin, Li Zhang, Xiangning Luo, Wenjing Zhao, Jia Liao, Xinyue Xu, Xiaoqin Wang, Huidan Zhang, Jing Li
PURPOSE: To develop and validate an effective nomogram for predicting poor response to orthokeratology. METHODS: Myopic children (aged 8-15 years) treated with orthokeratology between February 2018 and January 2022 were screened in four hospitals of different tiers (i.e. municipal and provincial) in China. Potential predictors included 32 baseline clinical variables. Nomogram for the outcome (1-year axial elongation ≥0.20 mm: poor response; <0...
March 22, 2024: Acta Ophthalmologica
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38514179/pupillary-responses-reflect-dynamic-changes-in-multiple-cognitive-factors-during-associative-learning-in-primates
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yange Zhang 张艳歌, Tian Wang 王天, Weifeng Dai 戴伟枫, Yang Li 李洋, Yi Yang 杨祎, Yujie Wu 武宇洁, Jiancao Huang 黄见操, Tingting Zhou 周婷婷, Dajun Xing 邢大军
Associative learning involves complex interactions of multiple cognitive factors. While adult subjects can articulate these factors verbally, for model animals such as macaques, we rely on behavioural outputs. In our study, we used pupillary responses as an alternative measure to capture these underlying cognitive changes. We recorded the dynamic changes in the pupils of three male macaques when they learned the associations between visual stimuli and reward sizes under the classical Pavlovian experimental paradigm...
March 21, 2024: Journal of Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38512199/emotional-content-reduces-the-cognitive-effort-invested-in-processing-the-credibility-of-social-mis-information
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julia Baum, Romy Frömer, Rasha Abdel Rahman
Emotionality likely is a key factor affecting our susceptibility to misinformation. However, the mechanisms underlying this observation are not well understood. Specifically, when people derive social information from person-related news, they rely predominantly on emotional content, apparently unperturbed by the credibility of the source. To help explain this bias, we here contrast two hypotheses of information processing reflected in changes in pupil size during news-based judgments: Emotion and cognitive effort...
March 21, 2024: Emotion
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38511551/ocular-abnormalities-in-whippets-practicing-lure-coursing-in-poland
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K Miazga, J Tomkowicz, J Wilczak, A Cywińska
Coursing is a canine sport discipline invented for sighthounds. The dogs chase the mechanically operated lure on an open area at the track that consists of straight lines as well as turns. Thus, the dogs must rely mainly on their sight in order to chase the lure and to compete. Whippets are the most popular sighthound breed in Poland and more and more dogs practice lure coursing on professional level. Several ocular disorders are known or presumed to be inherited in Whippets, so we decided to check how often they occur amongst competing dogs and if they have any impact on the results during competitions...
March 20, 2024: Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences
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