cancer cell culture

This study aims to investigate whether baicalin induces ferroptosis in HepG2 cells and decipher the underlying mechanisms based on network pharmacology and cell experiments. HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro and the cell viability was detected by the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8). The transcriptome data of hepatocellular carcinoma were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA), and the ferroptosis gene data from FerrDb V2. The DEG2 package was used to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs), and the common genes between DEGs and ferroptosis genes were selected as the target genes that mediate ferroptosis to regulate hepatocellular carcinoma progression...

The strategies of future medicine are aimed to modernize and integrate quality approaches including early molecular-genetic profiling, identification of new therapeutic targets and adapting design for clinical trials, personalized drug screening (PDS) to help predict and individualize patient treatment regimens. In the past decade, organoid models have emerged as an innovative in vitro platform with the potential to realize the concept of patient-centered medicine. Organoids are spatially restricted three-dimensional clusters of cells ex vivo that self-organize into complex functional structures through genetically programmed determination, which is crucial for reconstructing the architecture of the primary tissue and organs...

INTRODUCTION: The ErbB-2.1(TOB1) signaling transducer protein is a tumor-suppressive protein that actively suppresses the malignant phenotype of gastric cancer cells. Yet, TOB1 negatively regulates the activation and growth of different immune cells. Understanding the expression and role of TOB1 in the gastric cancer immune environment is crucial to maximize its potential in targeted immunotherapy. METHODS: This study employed multiplex immunofluorescence analysis to precisely delineate and quantify the expression of TOB1 in immune cells within gastric cancer tissue microarrays...

5-Fluorouracil is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, and it is commonly used as a chemotherapeutic agent in many cancers. The present goal is to analyze and characterize the physicochemical and biological properties of a new therapeutic formulation of 5-FUD-Gal under simulated chronic wound and oxidative stress conditions. After synthesis of a new 5-fluorouracil derivative, preparation and characterization of the formulation were carried out. The antiangiogenic effect, wound healing, and oxidative stress responses were conducted with a HET-CAM assay and in vitro cell culture technique...

BACKGROUND: Chloride channel-3 ( CLCN3 ), a crucial component of the voltage-gated chloride channel family, is implicated in numerous physiological and pathophysiological processes. This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of CLCN3 in pancancer and its influence on the immune response through the use of a range of databases. Concurrently, we assessed the impact of CLCN3 on the proliferation of ovarian cancer (OC) cells and explored its potential mechanisms. METHODS: We employed the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2...

Radiation therapy has been a critical and effective treatment for cancer. However, not all cells are destroyed by radiation due to the presence of tumor cell radioresistance. In the current study, we investigated the effect of low-dose radiation (LDR) on the tumor suppressive effect of high-dose radiation (HDR) and its mechanism from the perspective of tumor cell death mode and DNA damage repair, aiming to provide a foundation for improving the efficacy of clinical tumor radiotherapy. We found that LDR pre-irradiation strengthened the HDR-inhibited A549 cell proliferation, HDR-induced apoptosis, and G2 phase cell cycle arrest under co-culture conditions...

The six subunit Origin Recognition Complex (ORC) is essential for loading MCM2-7 at origins of DNA replication to promote initiation of DNA replication in organisms ranging from S. cerevisiae to humans. In rare instances, as in cancer cell-lines in culture with mutations in ORC1 , ORC2 or ORC5 , or in endo-reduplicating mouse hepatocytes in vivo without ORC1 , DNA replication has been observed in the virtual absence of individual ORC subunits. Although ORC1 is dispensable in the mouse liver for endo-reduplication, because of the homology of ORC1 with CDC6, it could be argued that CDC6 was substituting for ORC1 to restore functional ORC...

Three-dimensional (3D) cancer cell culture models such as tumor spheroids better recapitulate in vivo tumors than conventional two-dimensional (2D) models. However, two major challenges limit the routine use of 3D tumor spheroids. Firstly, most existing methods of generating tumor spheroids are not high-throughput. Secondly, tumor spheroids generated using current methods are highly variable in dimension. Here, we describe a simple 'Do-It-Yourself (DIY)' device that can be assembled for less than $7 of parts and generate uniform tumor spheroids in a high-throughput manner...

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women, primarily attributed to the formidable challenge of multidrug resistance, often driven by the overexpression of the ABCB1 gene. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the synergistic effects of siRNA, doxorubicin, and vinorelbine on ABCB1 gene expression and cell viability in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells, with siRNA targeting ABCB1 to reduce its expression and doxorubicin/ vinorelbine to eradicate cancer cells...

Caulerpa lentillifera is rich in polysaccharides, and its polysaccharides show a significant effect in different biological activities including anti-cancer activity. As an edible algae-derived polysaccharide, exploring the role of colon cancer can better develop the application from a dietary therapy perspective. However, more in-depth studies of C. lentillifera polysaccharide on anti-colon cancer activity and mechanism are needed. In this study, we found that Caulerpa lentillifera polysaccharides (CLP) showed potential anti-colon cancer effect on human colon cancer cell HT29 in monolayer (IC50  = 1...

Detection of progression is of great importance to breast cancer treatment and can benefit patients. Limited by current detection technologies and biomarkers, early breast cancer progression diagnosis remains challenging. Researchers have found blood extracellular vesicles (EVs)-derived integrin α6β4 directly facilitate progression in breast cancer, enabling cancer detection. However, EVs size and heterogeneity hinder protein detection, masked by abundant background EVs. Hence, novel tools for efficient detection of EVs with high selectivity and low interference are significantly desired...

We aimed to elucidate the mechanism underlying carcinogenesis by comparing normal and BRCA1/2-mutated ovarian epithelial cells established via Sendai virus-based immortalization. Ovarian epithelial cells (normal epithelium: Ovn; with germline BRCA1 mutation: OvBRCA1; with germline BRCA2 mutation: OvBRCA2) were infected with Sendai virus vectors carrying three immortalization genes (Bmi-1, hTERT, and SV40T). The immunoreactivity to anti-epithelial cellular adhesion molecule (EpCAM) antibodies in each cell line and cells after 25 passages was confirmed using flow cytometry...

INTRODUCTION: Senescence refers to a state of permanent cell growth arrest and is regarded as a tumor suppressive mechanism, whereas accumulative evidence demonstrate that senescent cells play an adverse role during cancer progression. The scarcity of specific and reliable markers reflecting senescence level in cancer impede our understanding of this biological basis. OBJECTIVES: Senescence-related genes (SRGs) were collected for integrative analysis to reveal the role of senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)...

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract's mucus layer serves as a critical barrier and a mediator in drug nanoparticle delivery. The mucus layer's diverse molecular structures and spatial complexity complicates the mechanistic study of the diffusion dynamics of particulate materials. In response, we developed a bi-component coarse-grained mucus model, specifically tailored for the colorectal cancer environment, that contained the two most abundant glycoproteins in GI mucus: Muc2 and Muc5AC. This model demonstrated the effects of molecular composition and concentration on mucus pore size, a key determinant in the permeability of nanoparticles...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) enable communication between cells and tissues and are implicated in modulation of tumor immunosuppression. Here, we present a protocol for isolating tumor-derived EVs and assessing their functional influence in cultures with different subsets of human T cells. We describe steps for differential ultracentrifugation, size exclusion chromatography, EVs quantification, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting of human T cells. We then detail procedures for culturing T cells with EVs and using high-resolution spectral flow cytometry phenotyping for the analysis thereof...

Canine oral malignant melanoma (COMM) is the most common neoplasm in the oral cavity characterized by local invasiveness and high metastatic potential. Hypoxia represents a crucial feature of the solid tumor microenvironment promoting cancer progression and drug resistance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and its downstream effectors, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), glucose transporter isoform 1 (GLUT1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), and carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), are the main regulators of the adaptive response to low oxygen availability...

Tumor spheroid models have garnered significant attention in recent years as they can efficiently mimic in vivo models, and in addition, they offer a more controlled and reproducible environment for evaluating the efficacy of cancer drugs. In this study, we present the design and fabrication of a micromold template to form multicellular spheroids in a high-throughput and controlled-sized fashion. Briefly, polydimethylsiloxane-based micromolds at varying sizes and geometry were fabricated via soft lithography using 3D-printed molds as negative templates...

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) together with malignant cells present in the tumor microenvironment (TME), participate in the suppression of the antitumor immune response through the production of immunosuppressive factors, such as transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). In previous studies, we reported that adenosine (Ado), generated by the adenosinergic activity of cervical cancer (CeCa) cells, induces the production of TGF-β1 by interacting with A2A R/A2B R. In the present study, we provide evidence that Ado induces the production of TGF-β1 in MSCs derived from CeCa tumors (CeCa-MSCs) by interacting with both receptors and that TGF-β1 acts in an autocrine manner to induce the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in CeCa-MSCs, resulting in an increase in their immunosuppressive capacity on activated CD8+ T lymphocytes...

Drug efflux transporters of the ATP-binding-cassette superfamily play a major role in the availability and concentration of drugs at their site of action. ABCC2 (MRP2) and ABCG2 (BCRP) are among the most important drug transporters that determine the pharmacokinetics of many drugs and whose overexpression is associated with cancer chemoresistance. ABCC2 and ABCG2 expression is frequently altered during treatment, thus influencing efficacy and toxicity. Currently, there are no routine approaches available to closely monitor transporter expression...

Periodontitis, characterized by persistent inflammation in the periodontium, is intricately connected to systemic diseases, including oral cancer. Bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum , play a pivotal role in periodontitis development because they contribute to dysbiosis and tissue destruction. Thus, comprehending the interplay between these bacteria and their impacts on inflammation holds significant relevance in clinical understanding and treatment advancement. In the present work, we explored, for the first time, their impacts on the expressions of pro-inflammatory mediators after infecting oral keratinocytes (OKs) with a co-culture of pre-incubated P...