Metformin kidney

New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus after Transplantation (NODAT) emerges as a prevalent complication post-kidney transplantation, with its incidence influenced by variations in NODAT definitions and follow-up periods. The condition's pathophysiology is marked by impaired insulin sensitivity and β-cell dysfunction. Significant risk factors encompass age, gender, obesity, and genetics, among others, with the use of post-transplant immunosuppressants intensifying the condition. NODAT's significant impact on patient survival and graft durability underscores the need for its prevention, early detection, and treatment...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) which necessitates monitoring of risk factors and appropriate pharmacotherapy. This study aimed to identify factors predicting emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and mortality among T2D patients after being newly diagnosed with CVD. METHODS: In a retrospective observational study conducted in Region Halland, individuals aged > 40 years with T2D diagnosed between 2011 and 2019, and a new diagnosis of CVD between 2016 and 2019, were followed for one year from the date of CVD diagnosis...

Diabetes, one of the world's top ten diseases, is known for its high mortality and complication rates and low cure rate. Prediabetes precedes the onset of diabetes, during which effective treatment can reduce diabetes risk. Prediabetes risk factors include high-calorie and high-fat diets, sedentary lifestyles, and stress. Consequences may include considerable damage to vital organs, including the retina, liver, and kidneys. Interventions for treating prediabetes include a healthy lifestyle diet and pharmacological treatments...

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and obesity are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Nonetheless, their prevalence among patients with T2DM in Saudi Arabia (SA) remains unknown. As current guidelines recommend, these comorbidities require adding certain antidiabetic agents with cardiorenal benefits. However, the prescribers' adherence to these recommendations remains unclear...

BACKGROUND: Diabetes is known damage the liver and kidney, leading to hepatic dysfunction and kidney failure. Honey is believed to help in lowering the blood glucose levels of diabetic patients and reducing diabetic complications. However, the effect of stingless bee honey (SBH) administration in relieving liver and kidney damage in diabetes has not been well-studied. AIM: To investigate the effect of SBH administration on the kidney and liver of streptozotocin-induced (STZ; 55 mg/kg) diabetic Sprague Dawley rats...

BACKGROUND: Current labelling advises discontinuation of metformin when estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2 due to increased risk of lactic acidosis. However, in real-world practice, the risk-benefit ratios remain uncertain. We examined the risk associations of discontinued-metformin use with cardiorenal and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and advanced chronic kidney disease. METHODS: In this territory-wide, retrospective cohort and target trial emulation study, we included Chinese patients attending the Hong Kong Hospital Authority (HA) and enrolled in the Risk-Assessment-and-Management-Programme-for-Diabetes-Mellitus (RAMP-DM) from 2002 to 2019...

Metabolic disorders pose significant global health challenges, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. This study focused on the multifaceted therapeutic potential of berberine-enriched extract (BEE) in mitigating metabolic impairment induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in a rat model and compared the effects of BEE with berberine (BBR) and metformin (MET) to comprehensively evaluate their impact on various biochemical parameters. Our investigation reveals that BEE surpasses the effects of BBR and MET in ameliorating metabolic impairment, making it a promising candidate for managing metabolic disorders...

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: A protective role of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1-ra) in the development of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema has been described in some recent studies, which may extend beyond glycaemic control. We aimed to review the clinical impact of SGLT2i and GLP1-ra therapy on the risk of diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macular oedema in individuals with type 2 diabetes taking insulin. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of approximately two million people with type 2 diabetes receiving insulin across 97 healthcare organisations using a global federated health research network (TriNetX, Cambridge, USA)...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between place of residence (metropolitan, urban, rural) and guideline concordant processes of care in the first year of type 2 diabetes management. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of new metformin users between April 2015 and March 2020 in Alberta. Outcomes were identified as guideline concordant processes of care through the review of clinical practice guidelines and published literature. Using multivariable logistic regression, the following outcomes were examined by place of residence: dispensation of a statin, angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor (ACEi) or angiotensin-II-receptor-blocker (ARB), eye examination, and glycated hemoglobin A1C, cholesterol, and kidney function testing...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with diabetes mellitus are at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, which in turn are the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in the diabetic population. A peculiar feature of cardiovascular diseases in this population is that they can have significant cardiac disease while remaining asymptomatic. There is a paucity of data regarding subclinical cardiac imaging features among diabetic adults in Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. This study was conducted to compare the magnitude and spectrum of left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction among asymptomatic type 2 diabetic adults versus a normotensive, non-diabetic control group and to evaluate the determinants of left ventricular diastolic and systolic dysfunction...

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an elevated level of blood glucose due to the absence of insulin secretion, ineffectiveness, or lack of uptake of secreted insulin in the body. The improperly diagnosed and poorly managed DM can cause severe damage to organs in the body like the nerves, eyes, heart, and kidneys. This study was aimed at investigating the effect of Clostridium butyricum (probiotic) with magnesium supplementation to evaluate the effect on gut microbial dysbiosis and blood glucose levels...

INTRODUCTION: Patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 and chronic kidney disease (T2DM-CKD) have a 5 times higher risk of developing severe SARS-CoV-2 infection than those without these 2 diseases. The goal of this study is to provide information on T2DM-CKD and COVID-19 outcomes, with an emphasis on the association with anti-diabetic medications. METHODOLOGY: Study is designed as a retrospective cohort analysis covering the years 2020 and 2021. Data from the National Diabetes Registry (CroDiab) were linked to hospital data, primary healthcare data, Causes of Death Registry data, the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination database, and the SARS-CoV-2 test results database...

INTRODUCTION: The cause of postoperative delirium is unknown, but it is thought to result at least in part from inflammation. Metformin, besides its hypoglycemic properties, demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects systemically and in the brain. We tested the primary hypothesis that chronic metformin use in adults with type 2 diabetes is associated with less delirium during the first 5 days after major noncardiac surgery. Secondary outcomes were a composite of serious complications (myocardial infarction, cardiac arrest, stage 2-3 acute kidney injury [AKI], and mortality) and time to discharge alive...

Combining a Sodium-Glucose-Cotransporter-2-inhibitor (SGLT2i) with metformin is recommended for managing hyperglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who have cardio-renal complications. Our study aimed to investigate the metabolic effects of SGLT2i and metformin, both individually and synergistically. We treated leptin receptor-deficient (db/db) mice with these drugs for two weeks and conducted metabolite profiling, identifying 861 metabolites across kidney, liver, muscle, fat, and plasma. Using linear regression and mixed-effects models, we identified two SGLT2i-specific metabolites, X-12465 and 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3HBA), a ketone body, across all examined tissues...

INTRODUCTION: Prediabetes is a state of subclinical glycemic impairment, bridging normal glucose tolerance and diabetes. Globally, over 30% of individuals exhibit prediabetic conditions, with a significant proportion progressing to diabetes. Prediabetes augments risks of various diseases including cardiovascular and kidney disease. While interventions like lifestyle changes have shown promise in diabetes prevention, their long-term sustainability is challenging. Alternative pharmacological treatments, such as acarbose and metformin, have demonstrated efficacy in certain populations...

Metformin (N,N-dimethylbiguanide), an inhibitor of gluconeogenesis and insulin sensitizer, is widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In some patients with renal insufficiency, metformin can accumulate and cause lactic acidosis, known as metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALA, defined as lactate ≥ 5 mM, pH < 7.35, and metformin concentration > 38.7 µM). Here, we report on the post-translational modification (PTM) of proline (Pro) to 4-hydroxyproline (OH-Pro) in metformin-associated lactic acidosis and in metformin-treated patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD)...

OBJECTIVE: SGLT-2i are increasingly recognized for their benefits in patients with cardiometabolic risk factors. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests potential applications in acute illnesses, including COVID-19. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of SGLT-2i in patients facing acute illness, particularly focusing on SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, medRxiv, Research Square, and Google Scholar identified 22 studies meeting inclusion criteria, including randomized controlled trials and observational studies...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The role of metformin in reducing cardiovascular events is well-established, but its effect on coronary artery inflammation in T2DM patients is still unclear. In this study, we evaluated 547 T2DM patients who underwent coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at Wuhan Central Hospital. Using propensity score matching, we compared the attenuation of pericoronary adipose tissue (PCAT), an imaging marker of coronary artery inflammation, between patients treated with and without metformin...

Poly-herbal therapies for chronic diseases like diabetes mellitus (DM) have been practiced in south Asia for centuries. One of such therapies comprises of Hordeum vulgare, Elettaria cardamomum and Cicer arietinum that have shown encouraging therapeutic potential in the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Therefore, poly-herbal granules (PHGs) of this formula were developed and investigated for their anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential in obese-diabetic rats. The developed PHGs were chemical characterized and the virtual molecular docking was performed by Discovery studio visualizer (DSV) software...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used antitumor agent; however, its clinical application is limited by dose-related organ damage. Because organic cation/carnitine transporters (OCTN1 and OCTN2), which are critical for DOX uptake, are highly expressed in hepatocytes, we aimed to elucidate the role of these transporters in hepatic DOX uptake. The results indicated that inhibitors and RNA interference both significantly reduced DOX accumulation in HepG2 and HepaRG cells, suggesting that OCTN1/2 contribute substantially to DOX uptake by hepatocytes...