keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38544393/effects-of-glutamine-synthetase-on-neovascularization-in-glioma-in-vivo-mr-vessel-size-imaging-and-histology
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tianwei Song, Dandan Wang, Yanan Zhang, Hong Hao, Guodong Li, Xiping Ding, Zongtao Hu, Zhi Zhang, Yan Liu, Hongzhi Wang, Xianglin Li, Junchao Qian
BACKGROUND: Glutamine Synthetase (GS) could induce vascular sprouting through the improvement of endothelial cell migration in inflammatory diseases. MR vessel-size imaging has been proposed as a valuable approach for visualizing the underlying angiogenic processes in the brain. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the role of GS in the neovascularization of gliomas through the utilization of MR vessel-size imaging and histopathological techniques. METHODS: In this exploratory animal study, we randomly divided the C6 glioma rat models into a control group and an L-methionine sulfoximine (MSO) treatment group...
March 27, 2024: Current medical imaging
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38544341/cognitive-phenotype-and-neurodegeneration-associated-with-tau-in-huntington-s-disease
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Saul Martinez-Horta, Jesús Perez-Perez, Rocío Perez-Gonzalez, Frederic Sampedro, Andrea Horta-Barba, Antonia Campolongo, Elisa Rivas-Asensio, Arnau Puig-Davi, Javier Pagonabarraga, Jaime Kulisevsky
OBJECTIVE: The clinical phenotype of Huntington's disease (HD) can be very heterogeneous between patients, even when they share equivalent CAG repeat length, age, or disease burden. This heterogeneity is especially evident in terms of the cognitive profile and related brain changes. To shed light on the mechanisms participating in this heterogeneity, the present study delves into the association between Tau pathology and more severe cognitive phenotypes and brain damage in HD. METHODS: We used a comprehensive neuropsychological examination to characterize the cognitive phenotype of a sample of 30 participants with early-to-middle HD for which we also obtained 3 T structural magnetic resonance image (MRI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)...
March 27, 2024: Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38544244/an-analysis-of-loss-functions-for-heavily-imbalanced-lesion-segmentation
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariano Cabezas, Yago Diez
Heavily imbalanced datasets are common in lesion segmentation. Specifically, the lesions usually comprise less than 5% of the whole image volume when dealing with brain MRI. A common solution when training with a limited dataset is the use of specific loss functions that rebalance the effect of background and foreground voxels. These approaches are usually evaluated running a single cross-validation split without taking into account other possible random aspects that might affect the true improvement of the final metric (i...
March 20, 2024: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541998/anatomical-and-functional-impacts-of-congenital-bilateral-visual-deprivation-on-the-visual-pathway-a-comprehensive-review
#24
REVIEW
Aleksandra Czarnek-Chudzik, Mario Damiano Toro, Robert Rejdak, Katarzyna Nowomiejska
Neuroplasticity is a complex process that is heightened during time-sensitive periods of pre- and postnatal brain development. It continues, albeit to a lesser extent, throughout adolescence and young adulthood. Congenital visual deprivation is well-known and explored in human-model behavioral research. In this study, we review existing research on neuroadaptations and neuroplasticity of the visual pathway as a result of inherited retinal diseases (IRD), focusing on data concerning congenital bilateral visual deprivation in humans published in PubMed in the past 5 years, including 18 articles...
March 20, 2024: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541990/ictal-bradycardia-and-asystole-in-sleep-related-hypermotor-epilepsy-a-study-of-200-patients
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lorenzo Muccioli, Giulia Bruschi, Lorenzo Ferri, Anna Scarabello, Lisa Taruffi, Lidia Di Vito, Barbara Mostacci, Federica Provini, Giovanna Calandra-Buonaura, Paolo Tinuper, Laura Licchetta, Francesca Bisulli
Background : Ictal bradycardia (IB) and asystole (IA) represent a rare but potentially harmful feature of epileptic seizures. The aim of this study was to study IB/IA in patients with sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE). Methods : We retrospectively included cases with video-EEG-confirmed SHE who attended our Institute up to January 2021. We reviewed the ictal polysomnography recordings focusing on ECG and identified cases with IB (R-R interval ≥ 2 s or a ≥10% decrease of baseline heart rate) and IA (R-R interval ≥ 4 s)...
March 19, 2024: Journal of Clinical Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38541142/pilot-study-of-the-total-and-phosphorylated-tau-proteins-in-early-stage-multiple-sclerosis
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ieva Masiulienė, Katryna Pampuščenko, Gintarė Žemgulytė, Diana Bilskienė, Vilmantė Borutaitė, Renata Balnytė
Background and Objectives : Recent findings suggest that neurodegeneration starts early in the course of multiple sclerosis (MS) and significantly contributes to the progression of patients' disability. Tau is a microtubule-binding protein that is known to play a role in the pathophysiology of many neurodegenerative disorders. Newly emerging data on tau protein-induced neurodegenerative processes and its possible involvement in MS suggest that it may be involved in the pathology of early-stage MS. Therefore, this study aimed to test this hypothesis in patients with newly diagnosed MS...
February 29, 2024: Medicina
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540534/neurite-orientation-dispersion-and-density-imaging-noddi-of-brain-microstructure-in-adolescent-cannabis-and-nicotine-use
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexander L Wallace, Kelly E Courtney, Natasha E Wade, Laura E Hatz, Rachel Baca, Aaron Jacobson, Thomas T Liu, Joanna Jacobus
INTRODUCTION: Despite evidence suggesting deleterious effects of cannabis and nicotine tobacco product (NTP) use on white matter integrity, there have been limited studies examining white matter integrity among users of both cannabis and nicotine. Further, updated white matter methodology provides opportunities to investigate use patterns on neurite orientation dispersion and density (NODDI) indices and subtle tissue changes related to the intra- and extra-neurite compartment. We aimed to investigate how cannabis and NTP use among adolescents and young adults interacts to impact the white matter integrity microstructure...
March 13, 2024: Behavioral Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38540249/neuroprotective-effects-of-krypton-inhalation-on-photothrombotic-ischemic-stroke
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Viktoriya V Antonova, Denis N Silachev, Egor Y Plotnikov, Irina B Pevzner, Elmira I Yakupova, Mikhail V Pisarev, Ekaterina A Boeva, Zoya I Tsokolaeva, Maxim A Lyubomudrov, Igor V Shumov, Andrey V Grechko, Oleg A Grebenchikov
This is the first in vivo study to investigate the neuroprotective effects of krypton on focal cerebral ischemia. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of 2 h of inhalation of a krypton-oxygen mixture (Kr 70%/O2 30%) on the recovery of neurological functions and the degree of brain damage in rats after photoinduced ischemic stroke (PIS) and to investigate the possible mechanisms responsible for this neuroprotection. Experiments were performed on male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g (n = 32). Animals were randomized into four groups...
March 13, 2024: Biomedicines
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539683/clustering-functional-magnetic-resonance-imaging-time-series-in-glioblastoma-characterization-a-review-of-the-evolution-applications-and-potentials
#29
REVIEW
Matteo De Simone, Giorgio Iaconetta, Giuseppina Palermo, Alessandro Fiorindi, Karl Schaller, Lucio De Maria
In this paper, we discuss how the clustering analysis technique can be applied to analyze functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) time-series data in the context of glioblastoma (GBM), a highly heterogeneous brain tumor. The precise characterization of GBM is challenging and requires advanced analytical approaches. We have synthesized the existing literature to provide an overview of how clustering algorithms can help identify unique patterns within the dynamics of GBM. Our review shows that the clustering of fMRI time series has great potential for improving the differentiation between various subtypes of GBM, which is pivotal for developing personalized therapeutic strategies...
March 20, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539682/a-retrospective-analysis-of-temporal-lobe-gliosis-after-middle-fossa-resection-of-small-vestibular-schwannomas
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Matthias Scheich, Miriam Bürklein, Manuel Stöth, Brigitte Bison, Rudolf Hagen, Stephan Hackenberg, Marius L Vogt
INTRODUCTION: The middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach is a well-established procedure in surgery of the internal auditory canal, as well as with the retrosigmoid and translabyrinthine approaches. It is commonly used in the hearing-preserving microsurgery of small vestibular schwannomas (VS). The debate about the "best" approach for the microsurgery of small VS without contact to the brainstem is controversial. It has been stated that the MCF approach leads to irreversible damage to the temporal lobe, which may be evident in follow-up magnet resonance imaging (MRI) as gliosis in up to 70% of patients...
March 20, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539660/neurofilaments-light-chain-in-neurodegenerative-dementias-a-review-of-imaging-correlates
#31
REVIEW
Chiara Gallingani, Chiara Carbone, Manuela Tondelli, Giovanna Zamboni
Neurofilaments light chain (NfLs) are currently recognized as a marker of axonal injury and degeneration. Their measurement in biological fluids has a promising role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and monitoring of the therapeutic response in neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative dementias. In recent years, their relationship with clinical phenotypes and measures of disease severity has been extensively studied. Here, we reviewed studies investigating the association between NfLs and imaging measures of grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) damage in neurodegenerative dementias...
March 13, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539635/white-matter-integrity-and-motor-function-disruption-due-to-traumatic-brain-injury-in-piglets-impacts-on-motor-related-brain-fibers
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Madison M Fagan, Kelly M Scheulin, Sydney E Sneed, Wenwu Sun, Christina B Welch, Savannah R Cheek, Erin E Kaiser, Qun Zhao, Kylee J Duberstein, Franklin D West
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) often induces significant disability in patients, including long-term motor deficits. Early detection of injury severity is key in determining a prognosis and creating appropriate intervention and rehabilitation plans. However, conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, such as T2 Weighted (T2W) sequences, do not reliably assess the extent of microstructural white matter injury. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography enables three-dimensional reconstruction of specific white matter tracts throughout the brain in order to detect white matter injury based on anisotropic diffusion...
March 2, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539631/brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor-in-multiple-sclerosis-disability-a-prospective-study
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Vitalie Vacaras, Andreea-Cristina Paraschiv, Silvina Iluț, Cristiana Vacaras, Cristina Nistor, Gheorghe-Eduard Marin, Andra Maria Schiopu, Dorian-Traian Nistor, Ștefan Cristian Vesa, Dafin Fior Mureșanu
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating central nervous system disease that leads to neurological disability. Brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNFs) are neurotrophins involved in neurodegenerative disorders. This study analysed the relationship between serum BDNF, neurological disability and different MS treatments. We included 63 people with MS (PwMS), with relapsing-remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome, and 16 healthy controls (HCs). We analysed the serum levels of BDNF and MS specific disability tests (Expanded Disability Status Scale, timed 25-foot walk test, nine-hole peg test), at baseline (V0) and after one year of interferon beta1a or teriflunomide treatment (V1)...
February 29, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539615/can-brain-volume-driven-characteristic-features-predict-the-response-of-alzheimer-s-patients-to-repetitive-transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-a-pilot-study
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chandan Saha, Chase R Figley, Brian Lithgow, Paul B Fitzgerald, Lisa Koski, Behzad Mansouri, Neda Anssari, Xikui Wang, Zahra Moussavi
This study is a post-hoc examination of baseline MRI data from a clinical trial investigating the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a treatment for patients with mild-moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we investigated whether the analysis of baseline MRI data could predict the response of patients to rTMS treatment. Whole-brain T1-weighted MRI scans of 75 participants collected at baseline were analyzed. The analyses were run on the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the left and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), as that was the rTMS application site...
February 28, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539608/measurement-of-functional-brain-network-connectivity-in-people-with-orthostatic-tremor
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Connor J Phipps, David Whitney, James Shou, Diego Torres-Russotto, David E Warren
Orthostatic tremor is a rare movement disorder characterized by a sensation of unsteadiness and leg tremor while standing. It has been hypothesized that the disorder is attributable to dysregulation of a central oscillatory network in the brain. This putative network includes primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, thalamus, and pontine tegmentum. We studied this brain network by recording resting-state functional MRI data from individuals with orthostatic tremor. For each participant, we measured resting-state functional connectivity using a seed-based approach...
February 27, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539593/impaired-self-awareness-in-parkinson-s-and-huntington-s-diseases-a-literature-review-of-neuroimaging-correlates
#36
REVIEW
Manuela Tondelli, Miriana Manigrasso, Giovanna Zamboni
Little is known about the brain correlates of anosognosia or unawareness of disease in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and Huntington's Disease (HD). The presence of unawareness or impaired self-awareness (ISA) of illness has profound implications for patients and their caregivers; therefore, studying awareness and its brain correlates should be considered a key step towards developing effective recognition and management of this symptom as it offers a window into the mechanism of self-awareness and consciousness as critical components of the human cognition...
February 23, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38539550/contrast-clearance-analysis-cca-to-assess-viable-tumour-following-stereotactic-radiosurgery-srs-to-brain-metastasis-in-non-small-cell-lung-cancer-nsclc
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shybi Mohamedkhan, Sumeet Hindocha, James de Boisanger, Thomas Millard, Liam Welsh, Philip Rich, Andrew D MacKinnon, Nicholas Williams, Bhupinder Sharma, Nicola Rosenfelder, Anna Minchom
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Brain metastases are common in lung cancer and increasingly treated using targeted radiotherapy techniques such as stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Using MRI, post-SRS changes may be difficult to distinguish from progressive brain metastasis. Contrast clearance analysis (CCA) uses T1-weighted MRI images to assess the clearance of gadolinium and can be thus used to assess vascularity and active tumours. DESIGN AND METHODS: We retrospectively assessed CCAs in 62 patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing 104 CCA scans in a single centre...
March 20, 2024: Cancers
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538842/non-invasive-perfusion-mr-imaging-of-the-human-brain-via-breath-holding
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J B Schulman, S Kashyap, S G Kim, K Uludağ
Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI plays a pivotal role in the accurate diagnosis and prognosis of several neurovascular diseases, but is limited by its reliance on gadolinium, an intravascularly injected chelated metal. Here, we determined the feasibility of measuring perfusion using a DSC analysis of breath-hold-induced gradient-echo-MRI signal changes. We acquired data at both 3 T and 7 T from ten healthy participants who engaged in eight consecutive breath-holds. By pairing a novel arterial input function strategy with a standard DSC MRI analysis, we measured the cerebral blood volume, flow, and transit delay, and found values to agree with those documented in the literature using gadolinium...
March 27, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538776/brain-microstructure-is-linked-to-cognitive-fatigue-in-early-multiple-sclerosis
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camille Guillemin, Nora Vandeleene, Maëlle Charonitis, Florence Requier, Gaël Delrue, Emilie Lommers, Pierre Maquet, Christophe Phillips, Fabienne Collette
Cognitive fatigue is a major symptom of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), from the early stages of the disease. This study aims to detect if brain microstructure is altered early in the disease course and is associated with cognitive fatigue in people with MS (pwMS) compared to matched healthy controls (HC). Recently diagnosed pwMS (N = 18, age < 45 years old) with either a Relapsing-Remitting or a Clinically Isolated Syndrome course of the disease, and HC (N = 19) matched for sex, age and education were analyzed...
March 28, 2024: Journal of Neurology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38538753/brain-magnetic-resonance-imaging-findings-in-children-with-neurological-complications-of-coronavirus-disease-2019-omicron-variant-a-multicenter-retrospective-observational-study
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chun Zhao, Yujuan Wang, Jian Hou, Meiyun Xin, Qin Jiang, Mingying Han, Xiaomei Li, Yelong Shen, Ximing Wang, Mo Wang, Youpeng Jin
BACKGROUND: An increasing rate of encephalopathy associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been observed among children. However, the literature on neuroimaging data in children with COVID-19 is limited. OBJECTIVE: To analyze brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of pediatric COVID-19 patients with neurological complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This multicenter retrospective observational study analyzed clinical (n=102, 100%) and neuroimaging (n=93, 91...
March 28, 2024: Pediatric Radiology
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