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# Propeler

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#1
Fatima Zohra Abouhiat, Camelia Henríquez, Farida El Yousfi, Víctor Cerdà
The development of an automated kinetic-catalytic spectrophotometric method for cobalt determination is presented. The method is based on the catalytic effect of Co in the oxidation of hydroxybenzoic acid by H2O2 in basic media. The method has been automated using a multisyringe flow injection system coupled to a monolithic flow conduit called chip (chip-MSFIA). All reagents and sample are simultaneously propelled into the chip to achieve an efficient mixing. The reaction product is monitored at 482nm. The reaction takes place very fast at room temperature, thus the fixed-time method is applied to quantify Co concentration in samples...
May 1, 2017: Talanta
#2
Napaporn Youngvises, Kittigan Suwannasaroj, Jaroon Jakmunee, Awadh AlSuhaimi
Multi-reverse flow injection analysis (Mr-FIA) integrated with multi-optical sensor was developed and optimized for the simultaneous determination of multi ions; Mn(II), Fe(II), Cu(II) and Fe(III) in water samples. The sample/standard solutions were propelled making use of a four channels peristaltic pump whereas 4 colorimetric reagents specific for the metal ions were separately injected in sample streams using multi-syringe pump. The color zones that formed in the individual mixing coils were then streamed into multi-channels spectrometer, which comprised of four flows through cell and four pairs of light emitting diode and photodiode, whereby signals were measured concurrently...
May 1, 2017: Talanta
#3
Sambeeta Das, Oleg E Shklyaev, Alicia Altemose, Henry Shum, Isamar Ortiz-Rivera, Lyanne Valdez, Thomas E Mallouk, Anna C Balazs, Ayusman Sen
The directed transport of microparticles in microfluidic devices is vital for efficient bioassays and fabrication of complex microstructures. There remains, however, a need for methods to propel and steer microscopic cargo that do not require modifying these particles. Using theory and experiments, we show that catalytic surface reactions can be used to deliver microparticle cargo to specified regions in microchambers. Here reagents diffuse from a gel reservoir and react with the catalyst-coated surface. Fluid density gradients due to the spatially varying reagent concentration induce a convective flow, which carries the suspended particles until the reagents are consumed...
February 17, 2017: Nature Communications
#4
Olivier Liot, Javier Burguete
We evaluate the effect of the aspect ratio, i.e., the distance between the propellers H divided by the diameter D, on the slow dynamics of a von Kármán swirling flow driven by two propellers in a closed cylinder. We use a cell with a fixed diameter D but where the distance between the propellers can be turned continuously and where the inertia from the propellers can also be changed using different gears. No change on the dynamics is observed when the momentum of inertia is modified. Some dramatic changes of the shear layer position are observed modifying the aspect ratio Γ=H/D...
January 2017: Physical Review. E
#5
Adam Patch, David Yllanes, M Cristina Marchetti
Active Brownian particles (ABPs) represent a minimal model of active matter consisting of self-propelled spheres with purely repulsive interactions and rotational noise. Here we examine the pressure of ABPs in two dimensions in both closed boxes and systems with periodic boundary conditions and show that its nonmonotonic behavior with density is a general property of ABPs and is not the result of finite-size effects. We correlate the time evolution of the mean pressure towards its steady-state value with the kinetics of motility-induced phase separation...
January 2017: Physical Review. E
#6
Bao-Quan Ai, Ya-Feng He, Wei-Rong Zhong
Directed transport of self-propelled particles is numerically investigated in a three-dimensional asymmetric potential. Beside the steric repulsive forces, hydrodynamic interactions between particles have been taken into account in an approximate way. From numerical simulations, we find that hydrodynamic interactions can strongly affect the rectified transport of self-propelled particles. Hydrodynamic interactions enhance the performance of the rectified transport when particles can easily pass across the barrier of the potential, and reduce the rectified transport when particles are mainly trapped in the potential well...
January 2017: Physical Review. E
#7
M V Rasna, U V Ramudu, R Chandrasekar, Surajit Dhara
Dynamics of microparticles in isotropic liquids by transducing the energy of an applied electric field have been studied for decades. Recently, such studies in anisotropic media like liquid crystals have opened up new perspectives in colloid science. Here, we report studies on ac-electric-field-driven dynamics of microsheets in nematic liquid crystals. In planar aligned liquid crystals, with negative dielectric anisotropy, the microsheets are propelled parallel to the director. A steady spinning of the microsheets is observed in homeotropic cells with positive dielectric anisotropy liquid crystals...
January 2017: Physical Review. E
#8
Mengye Lyu, Yilong Liu, Victor B Xie, Yanqiu Feng, Hua Guo, Ed X Wu
PROPELLER technique is widely used in MRI examinations for being motion insensitive, but it prolongs scan time and is restricted mainly to T2 contrast. Parallel imaging can accelerate PROPELLER and enable more flexible contrasts. Here, we propose a multi-step joint-blade (MJB) SENSE reconstruction to reduce the noise amplification in parallel imaging accelerated PROPELLER. MJB SENSE utilizes the fact that PROPELLER blades contain sharable information and blade-combined images can serve as regularization references...
February 16, 2017: Scientific Reports
#9
Sébastien Michelin, Eric Lauga
Catalytic swimmers have attracted much attention as alternatives to biological systems for examining collective microscopic dynamics and the response to physico-chemical signals. Yet, understanding and predicting even the most fundamental characteristics of their individual propulsion still raises important challenges. While chemical asymmetry is widely recognized as the cornerstone of catalytic propulsion, different experimental studies have reported that particles with identical chemical properties may propel in opposite directions...
February 13, 2017: Scientific Reports
#10
REVIEW
Rebecca Gupte, Ziying Liu, W Lee Kraus
The discovery of poly(ADP-ribose) >50 years ago opened a new field, leading the way for the discovery of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of enzymes and the ADP-ribosylation reactions that they catalyze. Although the field was initially focused primarily on the biochemistry and molecular biology of PARP-1 in DNA damage detection and repair, the mechanistic and functional understanding of the role of PARPs in different biological processes has grown considerably of late. This has been accompanied by a shift of focus from enzymology to a search for substrates as well as the first attempts to determine the functional consequences of site-specific ADP-ribosylation on those substrates...
January 15, 2017: Genes & Development
#11
Jinsha Huang, Jiaolong Yang, Yan Shen, Haiyang Jiang, Chao Han, Guoxin Zhang, Ling Liu, Xiaoyun Xu, Jie Li, Zhicheng Lin, Nian Xiong, Zhentao Zhang, Jing Xiong, Tao Wang
Parkinson's disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by irreversible dopaminergic neuron loss and intra-neuronal α-synuclein aggregation. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been proven to be involved in autophagy dysfunction induced by α-synuclein accumulation, and the Beclin1-vacuolar protein sorting 34 (Vps34) complex is of great importance to the initiation of autophagy. Nevertheless, the concrete interaction mechanism between HMGB1, α-synuclein and autophagy remains elusive, especially in the context of PD...
2017: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
#12
Lin Chen, Yibin Xu, Wilson Wong, Jennifer K Thompson, Julie Healer, Ethan Goddard-Borger, Michael C Lawrence, Alan F Cowman
Plasmodium falciparum causes malaria in humans with over 450,000 deaths annually. The asexual blood stage involves invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites, in which they grow and divide to release daughter merozoites, which in turn invade new erythrocytes perpetuating the cycle responsible for malaria. A key step in merozoite invasion is the essential binding of PfRh5/CyRPA/PfRipr complex to basigin, a step linked to formation of a pore between merozoites and erythrocytes. We show CyRPA interacts directly with PfRh5...
February 14, 2017: ELife
#13
Paola Favuzza, Elena Guffart, Marco Tamborrini, Bianca Scherer, Anita M Dreyer, Arne C Rufer, Johannes Erny, Joerg Hoernschemeyer, Ralf Thoma, Georg Schmid, Bernard Gsell, Araceli Lamelas, Joerg Benz, Catherine Joseph, Hugues Matile, Gerd Pluschke, Markus G Rudolph
Invasion of erythrocytes by Plasmodial merozoites is a composite process involving the interplay of several proteins. Among them, the Plasmodium falciparum Cysteine-Rich Protective Antigen (PfCyRPA) is a crucial component of a ternary complex, including Reticulocyte binding-like Homologous protein 5 (PfRH5) and the RH5-interacting protein (PfRipr), essential for erythrocyte invasion. Here we present the crystal structure of PfCyRPA and of its complex with the antigen-binding fragment of a parasite growth inhibitory antibody...
February 14, 2017: ELife
#14
REVIEW
Chitra Lele
This article traces the history and evolution of statistics in the era of evidence based medicine, and focuses on the Indian perspective of this growth of statistics as a discipline for clinical research. Statistics will assume a more inter disciplinary form. Use of software other than SAS likely to grow further. In India, innovative statistical methods will help propel the development of biosimilars. The future is exciting with statistics being used for real world evidence, development of biosimilars, mining of adverse event data and becoming a core function in medicinal product development and lifecycle maintenance...
January 2017: Perspectives in Clinical Research
#15
M Burrows, M Dorosenko
The order Hemiptera includes jumping insects with the fastest take-off velocities, all generated by catapult mechanisms. It also contains the large family Miridae or plant bugs. Here we analysed the jumping strategies and mechanisms of six mirid species from high speed videos and from the anatomy of their propulsive legs and conclude that they use a different mechanism in which jumps are powered by the direct contractions of muscles. Three strategies were identified. First, jumping was propelled only by movements of the middle and hind legs which were respectively 140% and 190% longer than the front legs...
February 13, 2017: Journal of Experimental Biology
#16
REVIEW
Arpan A Bandyopadhyay, Anurag Khetan, Li-Hong Malmberg, Weichang Zhou, Wei-Shou Hu
The emergence of natural products and industrial microbiology nearly eight decades ago propelled an era of bioprocess innovation. Half a century later, recombinant protein technology spurred the tremendous growth of biologics and added mammalian cells to the forefront of industrial producing cells in terms of the value of products generated. This review highlights the process technology of natural products and protein biologics. Despite the separation in time, there is a remarkable similarity in their progression...
February 9, 2017: Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology
#17
Timothy A Burkhart, Evan Brydges, Jennifer Stefanczyk, David M Andrews
The occurrence of distal upper extremity injuries resulting from forward falls (approximately 165,000 per year) has remained relatively constant for over 20years. Previous work has provided valuable insight into fall arrest strategies, but only symmetric falls in body postures that do not represent actual fall scenarios closely have been evaluated. This study quantified the effect of asymmetric loading and body postures on distal upper extremity response to simulated forward falls. Twenty participants were suspended from the Propelled Upper Limb fall ARest Impact System (PULARIS) in different torso and leg postures relative to the ground and to the sagittal plane (0°, 30° and 45°)...
January 27, 2017: Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology
#18
Tibor Tauzin, Andor Csík, Kata Lovas, György Gergely, József Topál
Both human infants and nonhuman primates can recognize unfamiliar entities as instrumental agents ascribing to them goals and efficiency of goal-pursuit. This competence relies on movement cues indicating distal sensitivity to the environment and choice of efficient goal-approach. Although dogs' evolved sensitivity to social cues allow them to recognize humans as communicative agents, it remains unclear whether they have also evolved a basic concept of instrumental agency. We used a preferential object-choice procedure to test whether adult pet dogs and human toddlers can identify unfamiliar entities as agents based on different types of movement cues that specify different levels of agency...
February 2017: Journal of Comparative Psychology
#19
Fang Li, Yanmei Hu, Yuanxiang Wang, Chunlong Ma, Jun Wang
The existence of multidrug-resistant influenza viruses, coupled with the continuously antigenic shift and antigenic drift of influenza viruses, necessitates the development of the next-generation of influenza antivirals. As the AM2-S31N mutant persists in more than 95% of current circulating influenza A viruses, targeting the AM2-S31N proton channel appears to be a logical and valid approach to combating drug resistance. Starting from compound 1, an isoxazole compound with potent AM2-S31N channel blockage and antiviral activity, in this study we report an expeditious synthetic strategy that allows us to promptly explore the structure-activity relationships of isoxazole-containing AM2-S31N inhibitors...
February 9, 2017: Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
#20
David O Kashinski, Gavin M Chase, Roberts G Nelson, Oliver E Di Nallo, Austine N Scales, Dana L VanderLey, Edward François Charles Byrd
We propose new approximate global multiplicative scaling factors for the DFT calculation of ground state harmonic vibrational frequencies using functionals from the TPSS, M06, and M11 functional families with standard Correlation Consistent cc-pV$x$Z and aug-cc-pV$x$Z ($x=$ D, T and Q), 6-311G split valence family, as well as Sadlej, and Sapporo polarized triple-$\zeta$ basis sets. Results for B3LYP, CAM-B3LYP, B3PW91, PBEPBE, and PBE0 functionals with these basis sets are also reported. A total of 99 harmonic frequencies were calculated for 26 gas phase organic and non-organic molecules typically found in detonated solid propellant residue...
February 9, 2017: Journal of Physical Chemistry. A
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