HPV vaccines and adverse effects

BACKGROUND: Vaccination against the human papillomavirus (HPV) is critical to the prevention of HPV-associated cancers. This study aimed to describe the reasons cited by patients for not initiating or completing the HPV vaccination series, as reported by healthcare providers. METHODS: Study data was obtained from a University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center population-based cross-sectional survey of healthcare providers practicing in Texas. Prevalence estimates of reasons cited for not initiating or completing HPV vaccination were estimated by patient population (i...

With the rapid increase in the incidence of cervical cancer, anal cancer and other cancers, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection has become a growing concern. Persistent infection with high-risk HPV is a major cause of malignant tumors. In addition, microbiota and viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, herpes simplex virus, and Epstein-Barr virus are closely associated with HPV infection. The limited effectiveness of existing treatments for HPV-associated tumors and the high rates of recurrence and metastasis in patients create an urgent need for novel and effective approaches...

Anogenital warts (AWs) represent a therapeutic challenge, especially in infants, due to sensitive skin and frequent disease recurrence. Though the initial wait-and-see approach is often adopted in asymptomatic immunocompetent children, with spontaneous clearing in almost 90% of cases within two years, persistent or symptomatic lesions can be reasonably treated. However, few studies have been conducted on children. Consequently, most treatments on patients under age 12 are not approved by the Food and Drug Administration...

BACKGROUND: Carrageenan demonstrated potent anti-HPV (human papillomavirus) activity in vitro and in animal models. The Carrageenan-gel Against Transmission of Cervical Human papillomavirus trial's interim analysis (n = 277) demonstrated a 36% protective effect of carrageenan against incident HPV infections. Herein, we report the trial's final results. METHODS: In this exploratory phase IIB randomised, placebo-controlled trial, we recruited healthy women aged ≥18 years primarily from health service clinics at two Canadian Universities in Montreal...

Although vaccines are one of the most rigorously tested biological products, the safety concerns persist globally. The vaccine safety concerns linked to measles, pentavalent and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines have affected the vaccine coverage significantly in past. While surveillance of adverse events following immunization (AEFI) is part of the national immunization program mandate, it suffers from challenges and biases related to reporting, completeness, and quality. Some conditions of concern, termed as adverse events of special interest (AESI) following vaccination, mandated specialised studies to prove/disprove the association...

BACKGROUND: Real-world data (RWD) are increasingly used to generate real-world evidence (RWE) of vaccine safety and effectiveness for regulatory purposes. Assessing feasibility of using RWD sources prior to implementing observational studies is recommended. As a use case, we described the process and findings of a feasibility assessment to identify reliable and relevant data sources for monitoring the safety and effectiveness of the AS04-HPV-16/18 human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in China...

The possible association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and negative pregnancy outcomes has been debated in the literature, with conflicting results from clinical trials. While some authors support a link between HPV and miscarriage, others argue that the mere detection of the virus does not necessarily indicate a causal relationship with negative pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we conducted a prospective, controlled investigation of the potential association between HPV infection and miscarriage...

BACKGROUND: In Reunion Island, papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage is low. A study encouraging vaccination in middle school showed low rate of participation. The main objective of the study was to understand barriers and motivations to HPV vaccination in populations yet sensitized to its benefits. METHODS: The study focused on population around the intervention school where a health promotion program was conducted during school year 2020-2021. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews among children, children's parents, school staff, general practitioners (GP) and association members were conducted...

INTRODUCTION: Pregnancy-associated gynecological cancer (PAGC) refers to cancers of the ovary, uterus, fallopian tube, cervix, vagina, and vulva diagnosed during pregnancy or within 12 months postpartum. We aimed to describe the incidence of, and perinatal outcomes associated with, invasive pregnancy-associated gynecological cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a population-based historical cohort study using linked data from New South Wales, Australia...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of HPV vaccination in Chinese population. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane Library from inception to November 2022 were searched to collect information on clinical trials of HPV vaccines. Database search strategy used a combination of subject terms and free terms. Studies were first identified by two authors through reading the title, abstract and full texts and, subsequently, based on the inclusion criteria: Chinese population, with at least one of the following outcomes (efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety), and HPV vaccine RCT, those eligible were included in this paper...

OBJECTIVES: Economic evaluations of vaccines should accurately represent all relevant economic and health consequences of vaccination, including losses due to adverse events following immunization (AEFI). We investigated to what extent economic evaluations of pediatric vaccines account for AEFI, which methods are used to do so and whether inclusion of AEFI is associated with study characteristics and the vaccine's safety profile. METHODS: A systematic literature search (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Systematic Reviews and Trials, Database of the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination of the University of York, EconPapers, Paediatric Economic Database Evaluation, Tufts New England Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, Tufts New England Global Health CEA, International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment Database) was performed for economic evaluations published between 2014 and 29 April 2021 (date of search) pertaining to the five groups of pediatric vaccines licensed in Europe and the United States since 1998: the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines, the meningococcal vaccines (MCV), the measles-mumps-rubella-varicella (MMRV) combination vaccines, the pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) and the rotavirus vaccines (RV)...

OBJECTIVE: Black communities have disproportionately experienced adverse health effects from the COVID-19 pandemic while simultaneously having less vaccination access and decreased vaccine utilization. As such, predictors of vaccination uptake within Black communities are a public health imperative. Black Americans from socio-geographic regions associated with health inequities (e.g., Appalachia), including vaccination disparities, represent an intersection of racial, economic, and ethnic social identities...

Patients with HPV16 infection and low-grade cervical dysplasia (LSIL/CIN1) or atypical squamous cells (ASC-US/ASC-H) require active surveillance for disease progression. A safe and effective immunotherapy to clear HPV16 is an unmet medical need. The safety run-in cohort of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase II trial of PVX2 (vaccination twice with HPV16-targeting pNGVL4a-Sig/E7(detox)/HSP70 plasmid and once with the HPV16 L2E7E6 fusion protein "TA-CIN") as immunotherapy for patients with HPV16+ ASC-US, ASC-H, or LSIL/CIN1 (NCT03911076) was recently completed...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination was introduced in the National Immunization Program (NIP) in Korea targeting girls aged 12 years to receive two doses of HPV vaccine to prevent cervical cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the factors that may influence parental decision to inoculate their daughters in Korea. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2020 by interviewing the parents of 2,000 nationally representative girls eligible for HPV NIP. By the daughters' status of HPV vaccination, the probabilities for each variable were compared to evaluate the factors that could affect parents' decision to inoculate their daughters with HPV vaccines...

INTRODUCTION: Erroneous reports of adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) likely exacerbated the 2013 collapse of Japan's HPV immunization program. A similar phenomenon characterized the first months of COVID-19 immunization programs in the USA, UK, and Japan with high rates of reported anaphylaxis. These reports illustrate the susceptibility of supposedly objective medical judgments to public anxiety. PURPOSE AND METHODS: This study documents inaccuracies in reported AEFIs using three quantitative methods...

Immunization is the most successful method in preventing and controlling infectious diseases, which has helped saving millions of lives worldwide. The discovery of the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection being associated with a variety of benign conditions and cancers has driven the development of prophylactic HPV vaccines. Currently, four HPV vaccines are available on the pharmaceutical market: Cervarix, Gardasil, Gardasil-9, and the recently developed Cecolin. Multiple studies have proven the HPV vaccines' safety and efficacy in preventing HPV-related diseases...

BACKGROUND: Suboptimal adolescent human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates have been attributed to parental perceptions of the HPV vaccine. The internet has been cited as a setting where misinformation and controversy about HPV vaccination have been amplified. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to test message effectiveness in changing parents' attitudes and behavioral intentions toward HPV vaccination. METHODS: We conducted a web-based message-testing experiment with 6 control messages and 25 experimental messages and 5 from each of the 5 salient themes about HPV vaccination (theme 1: safety, side effects, risk, and ingredient concerns and long-term or major adverse events; theme 2: distrust of the health care system; theme 3: HPV vaccine effectiveness concerns; theme 4: connection to sexual activity; and theme 5: misinformation about HPV or HPV vaccine)...

PURPOSE: Three licensed human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines (Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9) have been effectively used to prevent infection with oncogenic HPV types; however, many adverse events (AEs) have also been reported following their vaccinations. We assessed AE profiles after receiving the HPV vaccines based on the reported data from Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS). METHODS: The AE data associated with Cervarix, Gardasil, and Gardasil 9 were retrieved from VAERS database respectively...

INTRODUCTION: Despite its benefits, HPV vaccine uptake has been historically lower than other recommended adolescent vaccines in the United States (US). While hesitancy and misinformation have threatened vaccinations for many years, the adverse impacts from COVID-19 pandemic on preventive services have been far-reaching. OBJECTIVES: To explore the perceptions and experiences of adolescent healthcare providers regarding routine vaccination services during the COVID-19 pandemic...

Aluminum salt adjuvants (Als) have been the most widely used adjuvants in vaccines and known to be effective in intramuscular inoculation. However, in rare cases, some Al containing vaccines caused serious adverse events such as chronic pain at the site of the injection. The Als cause mild tissue damage at the inoculation site, allowing the antigen to be locally retained at the inoculation site and thus potentiate innate immunity. This is required to elicit effectiveness of vaccination. However, there is concern that chronic muscle damage might potentially lead to serious adverse events, such as autoimmune disease and movement disorders...