tooth germ

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this scoping review on infant oral mutilation (IOM) was to study the prevalence, dental complications, and immediate and long-term effects of this practice, in addition to providing a systematic overview on existing knowledge and analysis of identified knowledge gaps on IOM. METHODS: Five electronic bibliographic databases (OVID/Medline, Embase.com, Clarivate Analytics/Web of Science Core Collection, SCOPUS, and Global Index Medicus) were searched for relevant studies...

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic factors influence the odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and play indispensable roles during tooth development. Some microRNAs can epigenetically regulate other epigenetic factors like DNA methyltransferases and histone modification enzymes, functioning as epigenetic-microRNAs. In our previous study, microarray analysis suggested microRNA-93-5p (miR-93-5p) was differentially expressed during the bell stage in human tooth germ. Prediction tools indicated that miR-93-5p may target lysine-specific demethylase 6B (KDM6B)...

Ecto-mesenchymal cells of mammalian tooth germ develops from cranial neural crest cells. These cells are recognised as a promising source for tooth development and regeneration. Despite the high heterogeneity of the neural crest, the cellular landscape of in vitro cultured cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) for odontogenesis remains unclear. In this study, we used large-scale single-cell RNA sequencing to analyse the cellular landscape of in vitro cultured mouse CNCCs for odontogenesis. We revealed distinct cell trajectories from primary cells to passage 5 and identified a rare Alx3+/Barx1+ sub-population in primary CNCCs that differentiated into two odontogenic clusters characterised by the up-regulation of Pax9/Bmp3 and Lhx6/Dmp1...

PURPOSE: To study the effect of slow maxillary expansion(SME) appliance on the development of premolar tooth germ, primary molar and alveolar crest in the central segment of maxilla in the mixed dentition. METHODS: According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 17 children (average age 7.41±0.80 years old ) with maxillary transverse deficiency were selected for SME. Before and after treatment, based on cone-beam CT(CBCT) and Dolphin Imaging software, the position of maxillary premolar tooth germ, the position of maxillary primary molar, the shape of maxillary alveolar crest in the central segment were analyzed...

Tooth development depends on a series of reciprocal signaling interactions between the oral epithelium and ectomesenchyme. This study aimed to investigate the role of CK14, a protein involved in Wnt-1/β-catenin signaling, in odontogenesis and the development of odontomas. This cross-sectional, retrospective, immunohistochemical study analyzed 30 compound odontomas, 30 complex odontomas, and 17 tooth germs. Higher immunoexpression of CK14 was observed in odontogenic epithelial cells of tooth germs (p < 0...

Studies of teleost teeth are important for understanding the evolution and mechanisms of tooth development, replacement, and regeneration. Here, we used gross specimens, microcomputed tomography, and histological analysis to characterize tooth structure, development, and resorption patterns in adult Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. The oral and pharyngeal teeth are villiform and conical. Multiple rows of dentition are densely distributed and the tooth germ is derived from the epithelium. P. fulvidraco exhibits a discontinuous and non-permanent dental lamina...

Cherubism is an autosomal dominant disease with variable expression. Aggressive forms of untreated cherubism may lead to severe malformation of the maxillofacial skeleton, developing tooth germs and teeth. Scarcely described and empirically applied interventional therapies during active stages of the disease try to limit the damage and deformation caused by progression of expanding intraosseous lesions. The final goal is to minimize the need for corrective surgeries once progressive growth has halted and disease enters its quiescent phase...

The circadian clock plays a critical role in dentomaxillofacial development. Tooth biomineralization is characterized by the circadian clock; however, the mechanisms underlying the coordination of circadian rhythms with tooth development and biomineralization remain unclear. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is a clock factor that regulates the oscillatory components of the circadian rhythm. This study aims to investigate the impact of p75NTR on the rhythmic mineralization of teeth and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms...

The role of regulated cell death in organ development, particularly the impact of non-apoptotic cell death, remains largely uncharted. Ferroptosis, a non-apoptotic cell death pathway known for its iron dependence and lethal lipid peroxidation, is currently being rigorously investigated for its pathological functions. The balance between ferroptotic stress (iron and iron-dependent lipid peroxidation) and ferroptosis supervising pathways (anti-lipid peroxidation systems) serves as the key mechanism regulating the activation of ferroptosis...

Glomerular epithelial protein-1 (Glepp1), a R3 subtype family of receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatases, plays important role in the activation of Src family kinases and regulates cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. In this study, we firstly examined the functional evaluation of Glepp1 in tooth development and morphogenesis. The precise expression level and developmental function of Glepp1 were examined by RT-qPCR, in situ hybridization, and loss and gain of functional study using a range of in vitro organ cultivation methods...

Supernumerary teeth are dental anomalies characterized by the presence of an excessive number of teeth in relation to normal dentition. Among these, the supernumerary premolars have a prevalence of 0.29% to 0.64%, making it a very rare finding. On the other hand, gemination is a developmental disturbance in the shape of the teeth where a partial cleavage of a single tooth germ results in the formation of a singular root and a singular pulp chamber but two partially or totally separated crowns. Although these anomalies as individual entities are fairly common in clinical practice, the occurrence of both anomalies in a single tooth is an extremely rare occurrence...

Objective: To explore the role of digital three-dimensional printing technology and multifunctional board in the treatment of mandibular fracture in children. Methods: From January 2006 to January 2022, 42 children with mandibular fracture were treated by Department of Stomatology, in The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, including 25 males and 17 females. The patients, aged from 4 to 12 years, with the median age was 10 years old, were divided into observation group (22 cases) and routine group (20 cases) according to the treatment methods...

Objective: To identify tooth number abnormalities on pediatric panoramic radiographs based on deep learning. Methods: Eight hundred panoramic radiographs of children aged 4 to 11 years meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected and randomly assigned by writing programs in Python (version 3.9) to the training set (480 images), verification set (160 images) and internal test set (160 images), taken in Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between November 2012 to August 2020...

Maxillary central incisors are critical to occlusal function, smile esthetics, and even one's self-image. Furthermore, their impaction at an early age could have harmful psychological consequences on the individual. Maxillary central incisors can be impacted due to early dentoalveolar trauma to the upper anterior region that displaces the incisor in formation and, in rare instances, tooth germs are deformed. The aftermath of trauma during primary dentition is seen later during mixed dentition. Other causes are either an impediment in the eruption pathway of the maxillary central incisor due to the presence of odontomas or supernumerary teeth, an insufficient eruption space, or, very rarely, syndromic and/or other general medical conditions...

BACKGROUND: Analyses of tooth families and tooth-forming units in medaka with regard to tooth replacement cycles and the localization of odontogenic stem cell niches in the pharyngeal dentition clearly indicate that continuous tooth replacement is maintained. The secretory calcium-binding phosphoprotein (scpp) gene cluster is involved in the formation of mineralized tissues, such as dental and bone tissues, and the genes encoding multiple SCPPs are conserved in fish, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals...

BACKGROUND: Double teeth are usually the result of an abnormality in the developing tooth germ. Double teeth can occur in either the primary or permanent dentition, with the majority of cases concerning permanent teeth reported in the anterior teeth and less frequently in the molar teeth. CASE PRESENTATION: This report illustrates five cases of double teeth in molars with pulp and periapical disease, including one case of geminated teeth and four cases of fused teeth...

Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a developmental disorder attributed to a partial deletion on the short arm of chromosome 4. WHS patients suffer from oral manifestations including cleft lip and palate (CLP), hypodontia, and taurodontism. Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome candidate 1 gene (WHSC1) is a H3K36-specific methyltransferase that is deleted in every reported case of WHS. Mutation in this gene also results in tooth anomalies in patients. However, the correlation between genetic abnormalities and the tooth anomalies has remained controversial...

Histone lactylation on its lysine (K) residues has been reported to have indispensable roles in lung fibrosis, embryogenesis, neural development, inflammation, and tumors. However, little is known about the lactylation activity towards histone lysine residue during tooth development. We investigated the dynamic patterns of lactate-derived histone lysine lactylation (Kla) using a pan-Kla antibody during murine tooth development, including lower first molar and lower incisor. The results showed that pan-Kla exhibited temporo-spatial patterns in both dental epithelium and mesenchyme cells during development...

Epithelial cells in periodontitis patients increasingly express chemokines, suggesting their active involvement in the inflammatory process. Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) is an extract of porcine fetal tooth germs clinically applied to support the regrowth of periodontal tissues. Periodontal regeneration might benefit from the potential anti-inflammatory activity of EMD for epithelial cells. Our aim was, therefore, to set up a bioassay where chemokine expression is initiated in the HSC2 oral squamous carcinoma cell line and then test EMD for its capacity to lower the inflammatory response...

Murine tooth germ development proceeds in continuous sequential steps with reciprocal interactions between the odontogenic epithelium and the adjacent mesenchyme, and several growth factor signaling pathways and their activation are required for tooth germ development. The expression of ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf)-like 4c (Arl4c) has been shown to induce cell proliferation, and is thereby involved in epithelial morphogenesis and tumorigenesis. In contrast, the other functions of Arl4c (in addition to cellular growth) are largely unknown...