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REVIEW
William R Strohl
In calendar year 2023, the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) approved a total of 55 new molecular entities, of which 12 were in the class of therapeutic antibodies. Besides antibody protein drugs, the US FDA also approved another five non-antibody protein drugs, making the broader class of protein drugs about 31% of the total approved drugs. Among the 12 therapeutic antibodies approved by the US FDA, 8 were relatively standard IgG formats, 3 were bivalent, bispecific antibodies and 1 was a trivalent, bispecific antibody...
April 2024: Antibody Therapeutics
#22
REVIEW
Iván Sanz-Muñoz, Javier Castrodeza-Sanz, José M Eiros
Nirsevimab therapy has the potential to revolutionize infant respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) prophylaxis. But other populations suffering RSV, such the elderly or those over 60, may also be protected by using this novel antibody in the infant group. It is true that some studies link the use of nirsevimab to a reduction in the virus's ability to spread by lowering the viral load in infants as a result of the drug's long half-life. However, this protective effect may not be very significant because RSV transmission in the elderly typically comes from other elderly people or from school-aged children...
2024: Open Respir Arch
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Muhammad Imran Nisar, Salima Kerai, Shahira Shahid, Muhammad Farrukh Qazi, Sarah Rehman, Fatima Aziz, Fyezah Jehan
BACKGROUND: Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children < 5 years. We describe nasopharyngeal carriage of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human metapneumovirus (hMPV), and influenza virus among children with fast-breathing pneumonia in Karachi, Pakistan. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of nasopharyngeal swabs from children aged 2-59 months with fast-breathing pneumonia, enrolled in the randomized trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for fast-breathing pneumonia (RETAPP) (NCT02372461) from 2014 to 2016...
April 2024: Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeffrey Baker, Negar Aliabadi, Iona Munjal, Qin Jiang, Ye Feng, Linda G Brock, David Cooper, Annaliesa S Anderson, Kena A Swanson, William C Gruber, Alejandra Gurtman
BACKGROUND: Bivalent RSV prefusion F subunit vaccine (RSVpreF), comprised of equal quantities of stabilized prefusion F antigens from the major circulating subgroups (RSV A, RSV B), is licensed for prevention of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract illness (LRTI) in older adults and for maternal vaccination for prevention of RSV-associated LRTI in infants. To support licensure and large-scale manufacturing, this lot consistency study was conducted to demonstrate equivalence in immunogenicity across 3 RSVpreF lots...
April 13, 2024: Vaccine
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emily L Parsons, Jisung S Kim, Allison M W Malloy
Infection of the respiratory tract with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is common and occurs repeatedly throughout life with most severe disease occurring at the extremes of age: in young infants and the elderly. Effective anti-viral therapeutics are not available and therefore prevention has been the primary strategy for reducing the disease burden. Our current understanding of respiratory mucosal cell biology and the immune response within the respiratory tract is inadequate to prevent infection caused by a pathogen like RSV that does not disseminate outside of this environment...
March 26, 2024: Cellular Immunology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Wai-Sing Chan, Kan-Pui Wong, Siu-Kei Yau, Ching-Yan Wong, Tsz-Ching Chan, Jeffrey Hung, Kristi Tsz-Wan Lai, Chin-Pang Leung, Candy Ling-Na Wang, Chun-Hang Au, Thomas Shek-Kong Wan, Edmond Shiu-Kwan Ma, Bone Siu-Fai Tang
The performance of the Xpert Xpress CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus and Alinity m Resp-4-Plex Assays were evaluated using 167 specimens, including 158 human respiratory specimens and 9 external quality assessment program (EQAP) samples. For respiratory specimens, CoV-2/Flu/RSV plus exhibited perfect agreement with the standard-of-care (SOC) methods (Cohen's κ: 1, 100% agreement). The overall positive and negative percent agreement (PPA and NPA) were 100%, with 95% confidence intervals of 96.50 to 100% and 85.70 to 100%, respectively...
March 24, 2024: Diagnostics
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mingyang Guo, Jianqing Peng, Pengcheng Guo, Qin Wang, Lin Zhang, Huyan Shen, Fang Chen, Pingping Zhang, Siyu Lin, Han Gao, Hong Peng, Rong Mou, Jiandong Huang, Jianxin Wang, Yu-Si Luo, Ke Zhang
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of respiratory infections in infants, young children, and elderly people. However, there are no effective treatments or vaccines available in most countries. In this study, we explored the anti-RSV potential of 2, 4-Di-tert-butylphenol (2, 4-DTBP), a compound derived from Houttuynia cordata Thunb. To overcome the poor solubility of 2, 4-DTBP, we encapsulated it in polymeric micelles and delivered it by inhalation. We found that 2, 4-DTBP-loaded micelles inhibited RSV infection in vitro and improved survival, lung pathology, and viral clearance in RSV-infected mice...
April 10, 2024: Antiviral Research
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hend Awad, Tarek A El-Brolossy, Tamer Abdallah, Ahmed Osman, Sohair Negm, Ossama I Mansour, Samia A Girgis, Hala M Hafez, Ali M Zaki, Hassan Talaat
This research proposes a highly sensitive and simple surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using suitably designed probes specific for RdRp and N viral genes attached to a Raman marker. The sensitivity of the assay was optimized through precise adjustments to the conditions of immobilization and hybridization processes of the target RNA, including modifications to factors such as time and temperature. The assay achieved a remarkable sensitivity down to 58.39 copies/mL, comparable to or lower than the sensitivities reported for commercial fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based methods...
March 26, 2024: Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shota Kawamoto, Yoshihiko Morikawa, Naohisa Yahagi
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affects children, causing serious infections, particularly in high-risk groups. Given the seasonality of RSV and the importance of rapid isolation of infected individuals, there is an urgent need for more efficient diagnostic methods to expedite this process. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the performance of a machine learning model that leverages the temporal diversity of symptom onset for detecting RSV infections and elucidate its discriminatory ability...
April 12, 2024: JMIR Formative Research
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Edward E Walsh, Ann R Falsey, Agnieszka M Zareba, Qin Jiang, Alejandra Gurtman, David Radley, Emily Gomme, David Cooper, Kathrin U Jansen, William C Gruber, Kena A Swanson, Beate Schmoele-Thoma
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial respiratory disease. Bivalent RSV prefusion F (RSVpreF) vaccine is licensed in ≥60-year-olds. RSVpreF was well-tolerated and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 study. We evaluated antibody persistence after initial vaccination and safety and immunogenicity after revaccination from this study. METHODS: Healthy adults were randomized to receive both initial vaccination and revaccination 12 months later with either placebo or RSVpreF 240 µg (±Al(OH)3)...
April 12, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah K Nørgaard, Jens Nielsen, Anne Christine Nordholm, Lukas Richter, Alena Chalupka, Natalia Bustos Sierra, Toon Braeye, Maria Athanasiadou, Theodore Lytras, Gleb Denissov, Oskari Luomala, Anne Fouillet, Isabelle Pontais, Matthias An der Heiden, Benedikt Zacher, Alina Weigel, Ivo Foppa, Kassiani Gkolfinopoulou, Ioannis Panagoulias, Anna Paldy, Tibor Malnasi, Lisa Domegan, Eva Kelly, Naama Rotem, Oksana Rakhlin, Francesca K de'Donato, Chiara Di Blasi, Patrick Hoffmann, Telma Velez, Kathleen England, Neville Calleja, Liselotte van Asten, Femke Jongenotter, Ana Paula Rodrigues, Susana Silva, Petra Klepac, Diana Gomez-Barroso, Inmaculada Leon Gomez, Ilias Galanis, Ahmed Farah, Rolf Weitkunat, Katarina Fehst, Nick Andrews, Tom Clare, Declan T Bradley, Mark G O'Doherty, Naoma William, Mark Hamilton, Bolette Søborg, Tyra G Krause, Nick Bundle, Lasse S Vestergaard
Since the end of November 2023, the European Mortality Monitoring Network (EuroMOMO) has observed excess mortality in Europe. During weeks 48 2023-6 2024, preliminary results show a substantially increased rate of 95.3 (95% CI: 91.7-98.9) excess all-cause deaths per 100,000 person-years for all ages. This excess mortality is seen in adults aged 45 years and older, and coincides with widespread presence of COVID-19, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) observed in many European countries during the 2023/24 winter season...
April 2024: Euro Surveillance
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elisabetta Pandolfi, Daniela Loconsole, Maria Chironna, Jojanneke van Summeren, John Paget, Massimiliano Raponi, Luisa Russo, Ilaria Campagna, Ileana Croci, Carlo Concato, Carlo Federico Perno, Alberto Eugenio Tozzi, Giulia Linardos, Veronica Bartolucci, Sara Ciampini, Andrea Onetti Muda, Luigi De Angelis, Marta Luisa Ciofi Degli Atti, Caterina Rizzo
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in children under 5 years have a significant clinical burden, also in primary care settings. This study investigates the epidemiology and burden of RSV in Italian children during the 2019/20 pre-pandemic winter season. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted in two Italian regions. Children with Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) visiting pediatricians were eligible. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected and analyzed via multiplex PCR for RSV detection...
April 11, 2024: BMC Infectious Diseases
#33
REVIEW
Allison Bernknopf, Renee R Koski, Alison M Konieczny, Jill A Covyeou, Michael E Klepser
BACKGROUND: Many multiplex CLIA-waived point of care tests are available in the United States for community pharmacists to incorporate into their practice. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the eleven multiplex CLIA-waived point of care tests available for detecting SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A and B +/- other respiratory pathogens and summarize their performance characteristics from published studies. METHODS: FDA websites and databases were utilized to identify currently available tests...
April 9, 2024: Journal of the American Pharmacists Association: JAPhA
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fatimah S Dawood, Amanda B Payne, Meredith L McMorrow
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 11, 2024: JAMA
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brittany A Petros, Carly E Milliren, Pardis C Sabeti, Al Ozonoff
BACKGROUND: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) circulation dropped markedly early in the COVID-19 pandemic, followed by a resurgence with heightened case counts. The "immunity debt" hypothesis proposes that the RSV-naїve pediatric population increased during the period of low transmission. However, the evidence supporting this hypothesis is limited, and the role of changing testing practices in the perceived surge has not been comprehensively evaluated. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 342 530 RSV encounters and 980 546 RSV diagnostic tests occurring at 32 US pediatric hospitals in 2013-2023...
April 11, 2024: Clinical Infectious Diseases
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaofang Xu, Dianhua Qiao, Allan R Brasier
INTRODUCTION: The human orthopneumovirus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), is the causative agent of severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and exacerbations of chronic lung diseases. In immune competent hosts, RSV productively infects highly differentiated epithelial cells, where it elicits robust anti-viral, cytokine and remodeling programs. By contrast, basal cells are relatively resistant to RSV infection, in part, because of constitutive expression of an intrinsic innate immune response (IIR) consisting of a subgroup of interferon (IFN) responsive genes...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Annefleur C Langedijk, Bram Vrancken, Robert Jan Lebbink, Deidre Wilkins, Elizabeth J Kelly, Eugenio Baraldi, Abiel Homero Mascareñas de Los Santos, Daria M Danilenko, Eun Hwa Choi, María Angélica Palomino, Hsin Chi, Christian Keller, Robert Cohen, Jesse Papenburg, Jeffrey Pernica, Anne Greenough, Peter Richmond, Federico Martinón-Torres, Terho Heikkinen, Renato T Stein, Mitsuaki Hosoya, Marta C Nunes, Charl Verwey, Anouk Evers, Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie, Marc A Suchard, Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond, Chiara Poletto, Vittoria Colizza, Philippe Lemey, Louis J Bont
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children and the second leading cause of infant death worldwide. While global circulation has been extensively studied for respiratory viruses such as seasonal influenza, and more recently also in great detail for SARS-CoV-2, a lack of global multi-annual sampling of complete RSV genomes limits our understanding of RSV molecular epidemiology. Here, we capitalise on the genomic surveillance by the INFORM-RSV study and apply phylodynamic approaches to uncover how selection and neutral epidemiological processes shape RSV diversity...
April 10, 2024: Nature Communications
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christopher McPherson, Christine R Lockowitz, Jason G Newland
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization in infancy in the United States. Nearly all infants are infected by 2 years of age, with bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization often occurring in previously healthy children and long-term consequences of severe disease including delayed speech development and asthma. Incomplete passage of maternal immunity and a high degree of genetic variability within the virus contribute to morbidity and have also prevented successful neonatal vaccine development...
April 1, 2024: Neonatal Network: NN
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tak Fung, Jonah Goh, Ryan A Chisholm
The recent global COVID-19 pandemic resulted in governments enacting non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) targeted at reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2. But the NPIs also affected the transmission of viruses causing non-target seasonal respiratory diseases, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In many countries, the NPIs were found to reduce cases of such seasonal respiratory diseases, but there is also evidence that subsequent relaxation of NPIs led to outbreaks of these diseases that were larger than pre-pandemic ones, due to the accumulation of susceptible individuals prior to relaxation...
April 8, 2024: Journal of Theoretical Biology
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuquan Gao, Xudong Feng, Ting Yuan, Min Li, Muyun Wei, Shuangshuang Li
Data on people suspected with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) from August 2022 to December 2023 in southern China were analyzed. Following the COVID-19 pandemic, the positive detection rates of respiratory pathogens increased to 56.9%. Influenza A virus (IAV) emerged as the predominant prevalence pathogen (52.1%), followed by Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp: 21.2%), and SARS-CoV-2 (11.6%). Mp, IAV, and Human rhinovirus (HRV) infection were the primary etiologies of ARIs patients under age 18, accounting for 49...
April 4, 2024: Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease
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