Urine

BACKGROUND: Pain management is essential for postoperative surgery. Given the association of opioids with adverse outcomes, interest in the use of nonopioid analgesics, such as ketorolac, has increased. Published data on use in neonates are limited. OBJECTIVES: To describe ketorolac dosing and safety and efficacy outcomes in the first 48 hours postcardiac surgery in neonates. DESIGN: We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of neonates (ages < 28 d) who received ketorolac following cardiac surgery from November 2020 to July 2023 (inclusive)...

This article presents the development of a distance-based thread analytical device (dTAD) integrated with an ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) for quantitative monitoring of zinc ions (Zn2+ ) in human urine samples. The IIP was easily chemically modified onto the thread channel using dithizone (DTZ) as a ligand to bind to Zn2+ with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as well as 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as cross-linking agents to enhance the selectivity for Zn2+ detection...

BACKGROUND: Molecular subtyping is expected to enable precise treatment. However, reliable subtyping strategies for clinical application remains defective and controversial. Given the significance of tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion (TIDE), we aimed to develop a novel TIDE-based subtyping strategy to guide personalized immunotherapy in the bladder cancer (BC). METHODS: Transcriptome data of BC was used to evaluate the heterogeneity and the status of TIDE patterns...

•we report the case of a 36-year-old female patient who presented to our hospital with a diagnosis of cystitis glandularis manifesting as a vesicovaginal fistula. She underwent cystoscopic biopsy at a local hospital, but anti-inflammatory treatment was ineffective, and the patient was experiencing low urination frequency and urgency, as well as pain. The patient underwent laparoscopic repair of a cystoscopy-confirmed vesicovaginal fistula. After surgery, the patient experienced a paroxysm of Crohn's disease with multiple small bowel fistulas and erosion of the external iliac vessels that ruptured to form an external iliac vessel small bowel fistula...

The kidney epithelium, with its intricate arrangement of highly specialized cell types, constitutes the functional core of the organ. Loss of kidney epithelium is linked to the loss of functional nephrons and a subsequent decline in kidney function. In kidney transplantation, epithelial injury signatures observed during post-transplantation surveillance are strong predictors of adverse kidney allograft outcomes. However, epithelial injury is currently neither monitored clinically nor addressed therapeutically after kidney transplantation...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The implementation of quality assurance programs (QAPs) within urological practice has gained prominence; yet, their impact on outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) remains uncertain. This paper aims to systematically review the current literature regarding the implementation of QAPs and their impact on outcomes after robot-assisted RP, laparoscopic RP, and open prostatectomy, collectively referred to as RP. METHODS: A systematic Embase, Medline (OvidSP), and Scopus search was conducted, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) process, on January 12, 2024...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The association of hypouricemia and hypercalciuria is rare. In 1974 a new syndrome named Hypouricemia with hypercalciuria and decreased bone density was described. Afterwards, some cases with such association were published in which the fractional excretion of urate was higher than 20ml/100ml FGR. We have analyzed a series of children who were diagnosed with hypouricemia and hypercalciuria and who were monitored. The aim of this study was to determine whether our patients could be affected by the aforementioned syndrome or be carriers of a variant of idiopathic hypercalciuria...

The porphyrias are rare disorders of haem biosynthesis. Diagnosis requires demonstrating increased porphyrins or porphyrin precursors in blood, urine and faeces. Patients may only be investigated once, and therefore, understanding the preanalytical factors affecting the reliability of results is crucial. Guidance for sample handling exists, but published evidence regarding the stability of porphyrins and their precursors is limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of light exposure and different storage temperatures on analyte stability for measurement of urinary aminolaevulinic acid and porphobilinogen, total urine porphyrin and plasma porphyrin...

BACKGROUND: Exposure to phthalate/DINCH metabolites can induce human reproductive toxicity, however, their endocrine-disrupting mechanisms are not fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between concentrations of phthalate/DINCH metabolites, serum kisspeptin, and reproductive hormones among European teenagers from three of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies. METHODS: In 733 Belgian (FLEHS IV study), Slovak (PCB cohort follow-up), and Spanish (BEA study) teenagers, ten phthalate and two DINCH metabolites were measured in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry...

BACKGROUND: Results of studies investigating associations between individual endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and incidence of uterine leiomyomata (UL), a hormone-dependent gynecological condition, have been inconsistent. However, few studies have evaluated simultaneous exposure to a mixture of EDCs with UL incidence. METHODS: We conducted a case-cohort analysis (n=708) of data from the Study of the Environment, Lifestyle and Fibroids (SELF), a prospective cohort study...

Traditional medicine is a frequently utilized method to treat cardiovascular disease and its primary risk factors, including hypertension and dyslipidemia. Aloysia polystachya is a species that is commonly employed to treat various pathological conditions, and it has already been identified as having some cardioprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of the essential oil extracted from the leaves of A. polystachya in a rat model that simulates multiple cardiovascular risk factors...

Introduction This study aimed to evaluate the association between the NephroCheck ® Test AKIRisk® Score, diuretic efficiency (DE) and the odds of worsening kidney function (WKF) within the first 72 hours of admission in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF). Methods The study prospectively enrolled 125 patients admitted with AHF. NephroCheck ® Test was obtained within the first 24 of admission. DE was defined as net fluid urine output per 40 mg of furosemide equivalents. Results The median AKIRisk® Score was 0...

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of oral theophylline on stent-related syndrome (SRS) after Double-J insertion. BACKGROUND: Double-J stent is widely using in many urological procedures. Infection, hematuria, and discomfort are some of common complication after stenting. Theophylline is a dimethylated xanthine that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. To relaxing effect of theophylline on smooth muscles and its effects on the urinary system, it seems it could reduce complications after inserting Double-J stent especially ureteral stent syndrome...

Benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) are ubiquitous in the environment, and all of them can cause neurotoxicity. However, the association between BTEX exposure and dyslexia, a disorder with language network-related regions in left hemisphere affected, remains unclear. We aimed to assess the relationship between BTEX exposure and dyslexic odds among school-aged children. A case-control study, including 355 dyslexics and 390 controls from three cities in China, was conducted. Six BTEX metabolites were measured in their urine samples...

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) control the toxic effects of aflatoxins, which are not yet fully understood. Radiolabeled aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 3 H) was administered by gavage to Wistar rats fed with aflatoxin (AflDiet) and aflatoxin supplemented with active dehydrated yeast Y904 (AflDiet + Yeast). The distribution of AFB1 3 H and its metabolites were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 h by tracking back of the radioactivity. No significant differences were observed between the AflDiet and AflDiet + Yeast groups in terms of the distribution of labeled aflatoxin...

INTRODUCTION: Opinions differ on what drugs have both a rationale and a development potential for the treatment of bladder storage dysfunction. AREAS COVERED: In the present review, the focus is given to small molecule blockers of TRP channels (TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPA1, and TRPM8), P2×3receptor antagonists, drugs against oxidative stress, antifibrosis agents, cyclic nucleotide - dependent pathways, and MaxiK±channel - gene therapy. EXPERT OPINION: TRPV1 channel blockers produce hypothermia which seems to be a problem even with the most efficacious second-generation TRPV1 antagonists...

Human serum albumin (HSA) is regarded as a useful biomarker for rapid medical diagnosis of various disorders mainly related to the kidneys and liver. Hence, it is crucial to identify and monitor the HSA level in complex biofluids (urine and blood samples) using a simple approach. Herein, we have designed and synthesized an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) based environment-sensitive fluorescent molecular probe, ( E )-2-(3-(2-(5-methoxy-1 H -indol-3-yl)vinyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile (DCI-MIN), that can selectively interact with HSA in PBS buffer solution and exhibit a ∼78-fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity with a significant Stokes shift (∼126 nm), which is important to avoid interference from the excitation light...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There is a scarcity of data stemming from large-scale epidemiological longitudinal studies focusing on potentially preventable and controllable risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and AD-related dementia (ADRD). This study aimed to examine the effect of multiple metabolic factors and cardiovascular disorders on the risk of cognitive decline and AD/ADRD. METHODS: We analyzed a cohort of 6,440 participants aged 45-84 years at baseline...

Objectives: Video capillaroscopy is a diagnostic method for evaluating microvascular changes in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study evaluated microvascular changes, including microvascular architecture, capillary distribution (morphology and density), and angiogenesis conditions in T2DM patients via video capillaroscopy. Methods: A total of 256 patients with T2DM enrolled in this study. Based on electromyography (EMG)-nerve conduction velocity results, patients were divided into patients with normal and abnormal EMG...

PURPOSE: Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage kidney disease. Donor-specific urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) hold potential as biomarkers for assessing allograft status. We aimed to develop a method for identifying donor-specific uEVs based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatching with the kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Urine and plasma were obtained from HLA-A2+ donors and HLA-A2- KTRs pre-transplant...