Klyce

Objectives : To compare characteristics of caregivers of adults with acute traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the U.S. and Latin America (Mexico and Colombia). Design : Secondary data analysis of two cohorts. Cohort 1: English-speaking caregivers of adults with TBI in the U.S. (n = 80). Cohort 2: Spanish-speaking caregivers of adults with TBI in Mexico or Colombia (n = 109). Results : Similarities between the U.S. and Latin American caregiver groups, respectively, were: predominantly women (81.3%, 81.7%, respectively); spouses/domestic partners (45%, 31...

Background: The association between body mass index (BMI) and severity of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee at presentation is poorly understood. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that adolescents in higher BMI percentiles for age and sex would have OCD lesions that were more severe at their initial presentation and located more posteriorly on the condyle as compared with adolescents in lower BMI percentiles. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3...

OBJECTIVE: To describe associations of demographic, military, and health comorbidity variables between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) status in a sample of Former and current military personnel. SETTING: Participants recruited and tested at seven VA sites and one military training facility in the LIMBIC-CENC prospective longitudinal study (PLS), which examines the long-term mental health, neurologic, and cognitive outcomes among previously combat-deployed U...

OBJECTIVE: To identify group-based patterns in suicidal ideation (SI) over the first 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Participants included 9539 individuals in the TBI Model Systems National Database who responded to Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Item 9 assessing SI at 1, 2, 5, and/or 10 years post-injury. A k-means cluster analysis was conducted to determine group-based patterns of SI, and pre-injury variables were compared with ANOVAs and chi-square tests...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is often experienced under stressful circumstances that can lead to symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and neurobehavioral symptoms of brain injury. There is considerable symptom overlap in the behavioral expression of these conditions. Psychometric network analysis is a useful approach to investigate the role of specific symptoms in connecting these two disorders and is well suited to explore their interrelatedness. This study applied network analysis to examine the associations among PTSD and TBI symptoms in a sample of Service Members and Veterans (SM/Vs) with a history of TBI one year after injury...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the factor structure of the Modified Mini Mental State (3MS) Exam and its suitability as a cognitive screening tool among individuals admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation unit for new-onset neurological injury/illness. METHOD: A retrospective chart review was conducted. Of the 187 individuals meeting the inclusion criteria, 116 had a diffuse pattern of neurological injury/illness; 71 had a focal injury/illness. Confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses (CFA; EFA) were conducted for the whole sample and separately by group...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate relative causality in relations among suicidal ideation (SI), depressive symptoms, and functional independence over the first 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). DESIGN: Prospective longitudinal design with data collected through the TBI Model Systems (TBIMS) network at acute rehabilitation hospitalization, as well as 1, 2, 5, and 10 years after injury. SETTING: United States Level I/II trauma centers and inpatient rehabilitation centers with telephone follow-up...

The purpose of this article is to review the current status of presbyopia amelioration with surgical and pharmacologic procedures that partially compensate for loss of accommodation in advance of cataract surgery and lens replacement. Over the last few years, several corneal surgical and topical pharmacological approaches for the treatment of presbyopia have been introduced to the marketplace or are in the developmental pipeline. The approaches vary in invasiveness, duration of effect, reversibility, risk/benefit ratio, and clinical results...

Background: Injured anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tissue retains proprioceptive nerve fibers, vascularity, and biomechanical properties. For these reasons, remnant ACL tissue is often preserved during the treatment of ACL injuries. Purpose: To assess through a cadaveric model whether reorienting and retensioning the residual ACL via an osteotomy improves knee stability after partial ACL tear, with substantial remnant tissue and intact femoral and tibial attachments...

OBJECTIVE: To describe rates of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with and without concurrent posttraumatic stress disorder a sample of former and current military personnel, and to compare the factor structure of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) based on whether participants sustained mTBI with and without a positive posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screen. SETTING: Participants recruited and tested at 7 Veterans Affairs (VA) sites and 1 military training facility as part of a national, longitudinal study of mental health, physical, and cognitive outcomes among veterans and service members...

BACKGROUND: It has been posited that the osseous pelvic anomalies seen in patients with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) result from disruption of the pubic symphysis. This hypothesis, however, has not been tested. In the present animal study, our objective was to determine whether the tension of the pubic symphysis helps maintain the shape of the pelvic ring, or whether the growing bones maintain a ring shape even without the tension of the symphysis. METHODS: In total, 12 neonatal New Zealand White rabbits underwent pubic symphysiotomy (experimental group, n=9) or sham surgery (control group, n=3) on days 3 or 4 of life...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The theory of cometary panspermia argues that life cannot have originated on Earth in the time available. It must have an ultimate, but still undiscovered cosmological source. The origin of life remains an open question. Life on Earth was introduced by impacting comets, and its further evolution was driven by the subsequent acquisition of cosmically derived genes. Explicit predictions of this theory stating how the acquisition of new genes drives evolution, are compared with recent developments in relation to horizontal gene transfer, and the role of retroviruses in evolution...

A wide range of evidence for pointing to our cosmic origins is close to the point of being overwhelming. Yet the long-entrenched paradigm of Earth-centered biology appears to prevail in scientific culture. A matter of crucial importance is to carry out a decisive experiment that is long overdue-establishing empirically beyond any doubt that extraterrestrial microbiota reaches the surface of the Earth at the present day. Such an experiment may of course happen naturally by the appearance of pandemics of new disease as discussed in an earlier chapter...

Radiographic parameters are commonly used to determine the need for surgical supracondylar humeral (SCH) fracture reduction and the postoperative quality of reduction. We studied whether such parameters are correlated with mid-term patient-reported outcome (PRO) scores in pediatric patients.We retrospectively reviewed data from 213 patients (104 girls) treated surgically for Gartland type-II (n = 84) or type-III (n = 129) SCH fractures from 2008-2016. Mean (± standard deviation) age at surgery was 5...

The mammalian cornea maintains its thickness and transparency primarily by the activity of a fluid pump located in the endothelial cell layer. The accepted concept, the "pump-leak" theory, holds that the active transport of solute from the stroma to the aqueous humor leads to a steady state osmotic pressure gradient across the endothelium that balances the imbibition pressure created by the hydrophilic proteoglycans in the stromal ground substance. The details of this process are controversial and some of the classical in vitro studies aimed to explore the fluid pump using low temperature to challenge the regulatory behavior cannot be duplicated in vivo...

BACKGROUND: Growth-friendly treatment of early-onset scoliosis (EOS) has changed with the development and evolution of multiple devices. This study was designed to characterize changes in the use of growth-friendly implants for EOS from 2007 to 2017. METHODS: We queried the Pediatric Spine Study Group database for patients who underwent index surgery with growth-friendly implants from July 2007 to June 2017. In 1298 patients, we assessed causes of EOS; preoperative curve magnitude; age at first surgery; patient sex; construct type; lengthening interval; incidence of "final" fusion for definitive treatment; and age at definitive treatment...

Supracondylar humerus (SCH) fractures are reported to be approximately twice as common among boys as among girls. Little is known about sex-associated differences in fracture patterns and complications. We compared the incidence of pediatric SCH fractures, injury mechanism (high-energy or low-energy), fracture subtypes, associated neurologic injuries, and treatment types by patient sex.We reviewed 1231 pediatric SCH fractures treated at 1 center from 2008 to 2017, analyzing sex distributions overall and by year and fracture subtype...

OBJECTIVE: Pediatrics and hand surgery have historically been the orthopaedic subspecialties with the highest female representations. We sought to identify the gender distribution of orthopedic surgical faculty by subspecialty, geography, and educational background. We hypothesized that the proportion of women entering pediatric orthopaedics has decreased since 1980. DESIGN: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education was used to generate a list of U...