oxymetry

Sleep is a key component of life to maintain our health, performance, safety and quality of life. In fact, sleep has been implicated in the optimal functioning of all organ systems - brain, heart, lung, metabolism, immune function, and hormonal balance too. One of the most common reasons for poor-quality sleep in children is a group of conditions termed sleep disordered breathing (SDB). Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most severe form of SDB. A good history and clinical examination is likely to reveal features of SDB including snoring, restless sleep, morning sleepiness, irritability or exhibit signs of hyperactivity...

Centuries ago an "algorithm" was originally inaugurated to depicture a pathway to solve mathematical problems using a decision tree. Nowadays this tool is also well established in clinical medicine. Ever since management errors in difficult airway handling and subsequent litigations remain high referring to ASA closed claims database. However, even since 2010, the ESA postulates every institution dealing with airway management should have a DAM algorithm (ESA Declaration of Helsinki on Patient Safety in Anaesthesiology)...

INTRODUCTION: Studies show that electric fields are used as therapy during nerve and tissue injuries along with trans-retinal stimulation. However, cellular and molecular changes induced by such treatments remain largely unknown especially in retinal photoreceptor cells. In vitro studies show that direct current electric fields (dcEF) were known to influence cell division, polarity, shape, and motility. Here we could characterize for the first time the reactions of 661W, a retinal cone photoreceptor especially regarding organelle polarization, membrane polarization of mitochondria, O2 consumption, ATP/ADP ratio and gene expression...

INTRODUCTION: We do not have population data in Spain on the application of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). The objective was to examine adherence to management standards during TH of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHOD: Multicenter observational cohort study from the beginning of TH (year 2010) in 5 hospitals in a Spanish region, until year 2019. RESULTS: 133 patients were recruited, 72% diagnosed with moderate HIE and the rest of them with severe HIE...

Aim: To analyze the impact of obesity on cardiopulmonary response to exercise in people with chronic post-COVID-19 syndrome. Patients & methods: Consecutive subjects with chronic post-COVID syndrome 6 months after nonsevere acute infection were included. All patients received a complete clinical evaluation, lung function tests and cardiopulmonary exercise testing. A total of 51 consecutive patients diagnosed with chronic post-COVID-19 were enrolled in this study. Results: More than half of patients with chronic post-COVID-19 had a significant alteration in aerobic exercise capacity (VO2 peak) 6 months after hospital discharge...

Managing patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requires frequent changes in mechanical ventilator respiratory settings to optimize arterial oxygenation assessed by arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2 ) and saturation (SaO2 ). Pulse oxymetry (SpO2 ) has been suggested as a non-invasive surrogate for arterial oxygenation however its accuracy in COVID-19 patients is unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of COVID-19 status on the association between SpO2 and arterial oxygenation...

Hypoxia is associated with neoplastic tissue, protecting cancer cells from death by irradiation and chemotherapy. Identification of hypoxic volume of tumors could optimize patient selection for hypoxia-directed medical, immunological, and radiation therapies. Clostridium novyi-NT (CNV-NT) is an oncolytic bacterium derived from attenuated wild-type Clostridium novyi spores, which germinates exclusively in the anaerobic core of tumors with low-oxygen content. The hypothesis was that 64Cu-ATSM would localize to regions of hypoxia, and that greater hypoxic volume would result in greater germination of Clostridium novyi-NT (CNV-NT)...

INTRODUCTION: We do not have population data in Spain on the application of therapeutic hypothermia (TH). The objective was to examine adherence to management standards during TH of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHOD: Multicenter observational cohort study from the beginning of TH (year 2010) in 5 hospitals in a Spanish region, until year 2019. RESULTS: 133 patients were recruited, 72% diagnosed with moderate HIE and the rest of them with severe HIE...

OBJECTIVE: Intra-operative near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive tool used to monitor regional cerebral oxygen saturation during carotid endarterectomy (CEA), for which accuracy remains unclear. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of NIRS in patients undergoing CEA under regional anaesthesia (RA). DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies that compared NIRS with the "awake test" in patients undergoing CEA under RA...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) present respiratory derangements at rest and during exercise, accompanied by exercise intolerance. Some patients may develop profound exertional desaturation even without resting hypoxemia. Evidence suggests the involvement of reduced cerebral-oxygenation in exercise intolerance. We aimed to examine (i) differences in cerebral-oxygenation during exercise between IPF patients with and without isolated exertional desaturation, (ii) whether the impairments in cerebral-oxygenation are detected at similar exercise intensity, and (iii) correlations between cerebral-oxygenation indices, disease severity, and 6-min walk test (6MWT)...

OBJECTIVES: During a pulmonary rehabilitation program (PRP), patients frequently report that the classically proposed activities (as cycloergometer or treadmill) are not playful. The goal of adapted physical activities is to maintain physical activity that is more playful for patients. The Nintendo Wii Gaming Console allows a playful physical activity. However, it seems important to know if this tool allows physical activity with an effective cardiorespiratory effect. The objective was to compare the cardiorespiratory response of a 30-minute training session on cycloergometer (C) and treadmill (T) versus a 30-minute training session with Wii...

This article presents an overview of the advancements that have been made in the use of photoplethysmography (PPG) for unobtrusive sleep studies. PPG is included in the quickly evolving and very popular landscape of wearables but has specific interesting properties, particularly the ability to capture the modulation of the autonomic nervous system during sleep. Recent advances have been made in PPG signal acquisition and processing, including coupling it with accelerometry in order to construct hypnograms in normal and pathologic sleep and also to detect sleep-disordered breathing (SDB)...

Összefoglaló. Számos közlemény született arról, hogy a COVID-19-pneumoniás betegek jelentős hányadában az artériás parciális oxigéntenzió kifejezetten alacsony, mégsem jellemző a dyspnoe, és a pulzusoximetria sem mutat - a csökkent oxigéntenzióval arányos - súlyos hypoxaemiát. A jelenséget "happy hypoxaemia" néven említik. Ugyanakkor a légszomjról nem panaszkodó, de súlyos alveolocapillaris O2-felvételi zavarban szenvedő COVID-19-pneumoniás betegek a legkisebb fizikai megterhelést sem tűrik, és állapotuk gyorsan kritikussá válhat, tehát a hypoxaemia mértékének időben való felismerése kulcskérdés...

BACKGROUND: Acute brain injury (ABI) is a frequent complication of pediatric extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) that could be detected by continuous neuromonitoring. Cerebral near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) allows monitoring of cerebral oxygenation. OBJECTIVE: To assess whether an impaired cerebral oxygenation was associated with short-term outcome during pediatric ECMO. METHODS: We conducted a single-center retrospective study in a pediatric intensive care unit...

Objectives The rRT-PCR test, the current gold standard for the detection of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), presents with known shortcomings, such as long turnaround time, potential shortage of reagents, false-negative rates around 15-20%, and expensive equipment. The hematochemical values of routine blood exams could represent a faster and less expensive alternative. Methods Three different training data set of hematochemical values from 1,624 patients (52% COVID-19 positive), admitted at San Raphael Hospital (OSR) from February to May 2020, were used for developing machine learning (ML) models: the complete OSR dataset (72 features: complete blood count (CBC), biochemical, coagulation, hemogasanalysis and CO-Oxymetry values, age, sex and specific symptoms at triage) and two sub-datasets (COVID-specific and CBC dataset, 32 and 21 features respectively)...

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been available in research and clinical practice for more than four decades. Recently, there have been numerous publications and substantial developments in the field. This article describes the clinical application of NIRS in relation to current guidelines, with a focus on pediatric and cardiac anesthesia. It discusses technical and physiological principles, pitfalls in clinical use and presents (patho)physiological influencing factors and derived variables, such as fractional oxygen extraction (FOE) and the cerebral oxygen index (COx)...

Introduction: Dysphagia is frequently present in Parkinsonian syndromes and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Early identification of swallowing dysfunction is critical to minimize complications like aspiration pneumonia and malnutrition. Published prevalence rates for dysphagia in Parkinsonian syndromes vary widely with a very few studies from India. In this study we aimed to determine prevalence of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease and other Parkinson plus syndromes; to correlate it with severity of underlying illness and to determine the factors predicting dysphagia in patients of Parkinson's disease...

Background: Gagging during transesophageal echocardiography examination (TEE) can be distressing and even dangerous for patients. The needling of acupuncture point CV24 was described to be effective in reducing the gag reflex during TEE in patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Methods: We describe a proposal for a prospective, randomized, patient, practitioner and assessor-blinded, single-center trial with two arms/groups; real acupuncture will be compared to placebo acupuncture. A total of 60 (30 per group) patients scheduled for elective TEE in order to exclude a cardiac embolic source, endocarditis or for valve failure evaluation will be recruited according to patients' selection criteria and receive either indwelling fixed intradermal needles at acupoints CV24 and bilateral PC6 or placebo needles at the same areas...

Post-cardiac arrest syndrome is a complex and critical issue in resuscitated patients undergone cardiac arrest. Ischemic-reperfusion injury occurs in multiple organs due to the return of spontaneous circulation. Bundle of management practicies are required for post-cardiac arrest care. Early invasive coronary angiography should be considered to identify and treat coronary artery obstructive disease. Vasopressors such as norepinephrine and dobutamine are the first-line treatment for shock. Maintainance of oxyhemoglobin saturation greater than 94% but less than 100% is recommended to avoid fatality...

This article describes the design of a portable blood oxygen simulation system that can be used to simulate various blood gas saturation states of the human body. The system can be used to simulate various states of blood gas saturation, and can also simulate large blood oxygen saturation dynamic range, pulse rate range and perfusion index range. It can be used for testing, but not for clinical examination instruments. Moreover, the system has the characteristics of small size and low cost compared with the commercial blood oxygen simulator...