Humerus

Tendinopathy and partial tears of the long head of the biceps tendon are a common cause of anterior shoulder pain and are often associated with many other shoulder pathologies. Multiple open and arthroscopic tenodesis techniques exist in the literature, with varying locations along the proximal humerus and a multitude of different implants. This article describes a cost-effective, implant-free, subpectoral biceps tenodesis technique that can be used as open or in conjunction with arthroscopy. Our technique differs from other tunnel techniques in its modified docking configuration into the intraosseous canal, decreasing stresses at the bone-tendon interface...

Poor functional outcomes after hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures are common, yet revision surgery is relatively rare. Arthroscopic treatment for postoperative stiffness can be considered in the setting of functional limits to glenohumeral range of motion impacting activities of daily living after adequate conservative treatment with physical therapy and in the setting of healed, well-positioned tuberosities and humeral components. This Technical Note illustrates a stepwise approach to an arthroscopic lysis of adhesions and capsular release for the treatment of arthrofibrosis of the shoulder...

BACKGROUND: The design of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) implants has evolved significantly over the past 50 years. Today there are many options available that differ in design of the glenoid and humeral components, fixation methods, sizes and modularity. With respect to the humeral component the literature has generally focused on the differences between inlay and onlay designs and the potential impact on outcomes. However, inlay and onlay design represents only one factor of many...

INTRODUCTION: Revision shoulder arthroplasty can be challenging. One of the main considerations for surgeons is the type of implant that was placed in the initial surgery. Anatomic shoulder arthroplasty (ASA) is used for cases of osteoarthritis as well as for fractures of the humeral head. Hemiarthroplasty can be used for complex proximal humerus fractures. The purpose of this study is to determine whether there is a difference in clinical and radiographic outcomes between patients that failed primary fracture hemiarthroplasty (FHA), or ASA for osteoarthritis and then required reoperation with a conversion to reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA)...

Transformation of primary prostate adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma after initial treatment with chemotherapy and hormonal therapy is extremely rare and typically results in rapid treatment-refractory disease progression and death. Here, we present a case of a 64-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma (positive PSA and NKX3.1 stains, total PSA 747.2 ng/ml) to the thoracic spine (T8) in 2019. The patient received androgen deprivation therapy and chemotherapy with good response (PSA 2...

AIMS: To establish cut-off values for Patient-Acceptable Symptom States (PASS) in three Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs), the Constant-Murley Score (CMS) and University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Shoulder Score and Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS) at 3, 6, and 12-months following reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted for individuals who were treated for massive rotator cuff tear, rotator cuff arthropathy or proximal humerus fractures with RSA from January 2011 and February 2020...

OBJECTIVE: Diagnosing musculoskeletal infections in children is challenging. In recent years, with the advancement of ultrasound technology, high-resolution ultrasound has unique advantages for musculoskeletal children. The aim of this work is to summarize the ultrasonographic and clinical characteristics of children with pyogenic arthritis and osteomyelitis. This study provides a simpler and more effective diagnostic basis for clinical treatment. METHODS: Fifty children with osteomyelitis or arthritis were diagnosed via ultrasound, and the results of the ultrasound diagnosis were compared with those of magnetic resonance imaging and surgery...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare different surgical treatment modalities for simple bone cysts (SBC) of the humerus regarding their effectiveness and recurrence rate. METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients who received surgical treatment for previously untreated primary SBCs of the humerus were analyzed. Demographic data, cyst-specific as well as treatment-specific parameters, complications, treatment failures, and recurrence rates were collected and correlated with different treatment modalities...

Congenital protein C (PC) deficiency is one type of hereditary thrombosis. Patients with hereditary thrombosis are at high risk for thrombosis in the perioperative period, but a standard management strategy has not been established. Here we report a case of perioperative management of a fracture in a child with homozygous congenital PC deficiency. The patient was a 3-year-old boy who was diagnosed with congenital PC deficiency at birth. He sustained a traumatic supracondylar fracture of the right humerus and underwent emergency surgery...

Research suggests that recent modern humans have gracile skeletons in having low trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV) and that gracilization of the skeleton occurred in the last 10,000 years. This has been attributed to a reduction in physical activity in the Holocene. However, there has been no thorough sampling of BV/TV in Pleistocene humans due to limited access to high resolution images of fossil specimens. Therefore, our study investigates the gracilization of BV/TV in Late Pleistocene humans and recent (Holocene) modern humans to improve our understanding of the emergence of gracility...

BACKGROUND: Humeral nonunions have devastating negative effects on patients' upper extremity function and health-related quality of life. The objective of this study was to identify factors independently associated with 30-day complication, hospital readmission, and reoperation after surgical treatment of humeral nonunions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was performed using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database by querying the Current Procedural Terminology codes for patients who underwent humeral nonunion repair from 2011 to 2020...

The ancient Egyptians considered the heart to be the most important organ. The belief that the heart remained in the body is widespread in the archeological and paleopathological literature. The purpose of this study was to perform an overview of the preserved intrathoracic structures and thoracic and abdominal cavity filling, and to determine the prevalence and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of the myocardium in the preserved hearts of ancient Egyptian mummies. Whole-body CT examinations of 45 ancient Egyptian mummies (23 mummies from the Ägyptisches Museum und Papyrussammlung, Berlin, Germany, and 22 mummies from the Museo Egizio, Turin, Italy) were systematically assessed for preserved intrathoracic soft tissues including various anatomical components of the heart (pericardium, interventricular septum, four chambers, myocardium, valves)...

INTRODUCTION: ?Introduction: Periosteal chondromas are rare, slow-growing, benign cartilaginous tumors arising from the cortical surface of the bone, beneath the periosteal membrane. Typically affect young males, the most common site being the proximal humerus. There have been no reported cases of periosteal chondroma of the talus in the literature. CASE REPORT: A 9-year-old Indian boy presented with a 1.5-year history of atraumatic right ankle pain and swelling, exacerbated by walking, with limited dorsiflexion...

INTRODUCTION: Humeral shaft and distal humerus fractures have several different treatment options, including plate fixation and intramedullary nailing. Each has its own benefits, but typically, they are not used in conjunction. While nail-plate combinations (NPCs) have become more common in the lower extremity, literature on their use in upper extremity fractures remains scarce. CASE REPORT: A 74-year-old right-hand dominant male presented after a fall with a closed left transverse midshaft humerus fracture and an associated supracondylar distal humerus fracture with intercondylar extension through a medial column...

INTRODUCTION: A difficult pattern of injuries is Hotchkiss's terrible triad, which includes elbow dislocations with fracture of the coronoid and head of radius. It is uncommon to have a concurrent proximal humerus fracture, which makes clinical care even more difficult. CASE REPORT: An injured worker, 33 years old, claimed to have fallen from a height and received several injuries when he arrived at our emergency center. On physical examination, the patient showed signs of deformity and had an open injury over his left elbow...

Heavy animals incur large forces on their limb bones, due to the transmission of body weight and ground reaction forces, and the contractions of the various muscles of the limbs. This is particularly true for rhinoceroses, the heaviest extant animals capable of galloping. Several studies have examined their musculoskeletal system and the forces their bones incur, but no detailed quantification has ever been attempted. Such quantification could help understand better the link between form and function in giant land animals...

PURPOSE: Shoulder surgeries, vital for diverse pathologies, pose a risk of iatrogenic nerve damage. Existing literature lacks diverse bone landmark-specific nerve position data. The purpose of this study is to address this gap by investigating such relationships. METHOD: This cadaveric study examines axillary, radial and suprascapular nerves' relation with acromion, coracoid and greater tuberosity of the humerus (GT). It also correlates this data with humeral lengths and explores nerve dynamics in relation to arm positions...

Olecranon fossa is the largest fossa among the three fossae of the humerus. It is present in the lower end of the posterior surface just above the trochlea. Osteometry of olecranon fossa is important since their fractures occur in 10.0% of upper limb fractures. The aim of this study was to measure different parameters of olecranon fossa. This study was taken from 100 (right=43 and left=57) samples were selected through the purposive sampling technique for this cross-sectional descriptive study which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2021 to June 2022...

BACKGROUND: Proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) are a common injury among the older population. An ideal therapeutic protocol has yet to be developed, and numerous clinical trials are being conducted to find the best therapeutic approach. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current body of knowledge available via interventional clinical trials. METHODS: In December 2022, interventional clinical trials relating to PHFs on Clinicaltrials.gov were screened. Trial characteristics included duration, status, intervention, phase, outcomes, location, and study design...

OBJECTIVE: Percutaneous CT-guided radiofrequency ablation (CT-RFA) is a widely accepted procedure for treatment of osteoid osteomas. However, the application of CT-RFA was restricted as a result of some drawbacks, such as radiation exposure, and inconvenience in general anesthesia. The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of intra-operative TiRobot-assisted percutaneous RFA of osteoid osteomas. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 21 medical files of patients who were treated with percutaneous RFA of osteoid osteomas guided by the TiRobot system in our institution between March 2021 and April 2022...