Chronic kidney disease, cancer

Although patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) aggravation, the connection between these two diseases is not well understood. Recent studies have shown that both CKD and CRC aggravation are closely related to an increased abundance of indole-producing Fusobacterium nucleatum in the gut. The indole absorbed from the gut is eventually metabolized to indoxyl sulfate in the liver. Since indoxyl sulfate is involved not only in accelerating CKD progression but also in the initiation and development of its associated complications, the present study aimed to clarify whether indoxyl sulfate induces the proliferation of CRC cells...

OBJECTIVE: Cisplatin-associated acute kidney injury is a common clinical event that causes increased morbidity and mortality in cancer patients even if they are categorized as having normal functioning kidneys. We aimed to determine predictive factors that can predict acute kidney injury associated with cisplatin therapy in patients with normal renal function by comparison of pre-chemotherapy estimated glomerular filtration rates calculated separately by Cockcroft and Gault (CG), the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPİ) equations and accompanying patient-associated factors...

Parents of a child with a chronic illness can experience greater distress than the average population, yet little is understood about differences between illness groups. This cross-sectional survey study aimed to compare parents' psychological distress and perceived wellbeing across five chronic illnesses. Parents from one Australian pediatric hospital completed the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and seven purpose-designed items about their wellbeing. Data from 106 parents (cancer = 48, cystic fibrosis [CF] = 27, kidney disease = 12, gastrointestinal condition/disorder = 9, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy [DEE] = 10) was analysed using bivariate Pearson's Correlation and linear mixed-effects models...

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer, the leading endocrine tumor with a rising global incidence, especially in women, is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This study examines the relationship between polygenic risk scores (PRS) and thyroid cancer susceptibility in the Han Chinese population, as well as the impact of genetic variants on clinical outcomes. METHODS: Analyzing data from 57 257 participants in the Taiwan Precision Medicine Initiative, the study employed the Affymetrix Genome-Wide TWB 2...

BACKGROUND: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are skin-derived carcinomas. The literature strongly connects SCC with acquired immunosuppression. Current data regarding BCC's association with immunosuppressive comorbidities are vague. The primary objective of this study was to establish the correlations between BCC and immunosuppressive comorbidities of patients. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 275 patients with a histopathological proven diagnosis of BCC from October 2019 to October 2023...

PURPOSE: To compare long-term toxicity incidences, including secondary cancer (SC) with or without total body irradiation (TBI), in Asian patients receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using a nationwide database. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We identified 4,554 patients receiving HSCT for leukemic disease from 2009 to 2016 using the healthcare bigdata system of Korea. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for SC, cataracts, hypothyroidism, chronic kidney disease (CKD), myocardial infarction, or strokes were compared, and standardized incidence ratios (SIR) of SC was also estimated...

OBJECTIVES: Inconsistent results are available regarding the association between low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and lung cancer risk. We aimed to explore the risk of lung cancer according to eGFR category in the Korean population. METHODS: We included 358,293 adults who underwent health checkups between 2009 and 2010, utilizing data from the National Health Insurance Service-National Sample Cohort. Participants were categorized into 3 groups based on their baseline eGFR, as determined using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation: group 1 (eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1...

INTRODUCTION: The spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) worldwide since November 2019 is of interest to understand its impact on various organs. COVID-19 patients experience a higher incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) compared with non-COVID-19 patients. METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted that covered the period from November 1, 2019 to February 28, 2021. RESULTS: The analysis incorporated a comprehensive review of 19 studies of 21 362 patients...

Background : Although cisplatin plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) is the standard first-line treatment for advanced-stage esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), carboplatin was substituted for cisplatin in cisplatin-ineligible patients. The efficacy of carboplatin plus 5-FU for advanced-stage ESCC remains unreported. Methods : This retrospective study analyzed first-line treatment-carboplatin plus 5-FU, cisplatin plus 5-FU, or best supportive care (BSC)-in advanced-stage ESCC patients at a tertiary hospital in Thailand (2012-2022)...

Ferroptosis is a recently discovered type of programmed cell death that is mechanistically different from other types of programmed cell death such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy. It is characterized by the accumulation of intracellular iron, overproduction of reactive oxygen species, depletion of glutathione, and extensive lipid peroxidation of lipids in the cell membrane. It was discovered that ferroptosis is interconnected with many diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, ischemia/reperfusion injury, cancer, and chronic kidney disease...

BACKGROUND: Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) have been reported to have increased overall risk of cancer. In addition, individuals with a kidney transplant/transplantation (KT) have markedly increased cancer risk due to chronic use of immunosuppressive agents. However, it has not been elucidated whether the observed excess cancer risk is related to KT or whether diabetic kidney disease (DKD) per se is a risk factor for cancer in individuals with T1D. METHODS: The study included 5035 individuals from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane) and 14,061 control individuals without diabetes...

BACKGROUND: The effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on cancer has yet to be fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on cancer. METHODS: We searched the PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov databases up to July 15, 2023, to identify eligible randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials that lasted at least ≥24 weeks. The primary outcome was the overall cancer incidence, and the secondary outcomes were the incidences of various types of cancer...

Despite advancing treatment methods, esophageal cancer (EC) maintains a high mortality rate and poor prognosis. Through various mechanisms, aspirin has been suggested to have a chemopreventive effect on EC. However, the long-term impact, particularly regarding the rate of metastasis, needs to be further elucidated. NIS 2016-2020 was used to identify adult patients (age > 18 years) with EC using ICD-10 codes. Patients with missing demographics and mortality were excluded. Patients were stratified into two groups based on aspirin use...

Aim: Digital variance angiography (DVA) is a recently developed image processing method capable of improving image quality compared with the traditionally used digital subtraction angiography (DSA), among patients undergoing lower limb x-ray angiography. This study aims to explore the potential cost-effectiveness of DVA from an English National Health Service perspective. Materials & methods: A two-part economic model, consisting of a decision tree and a Markov model, was developed to consider the costs and health outcomes associated with the use of DVA as part of current practice imaging, compared with x-ray angiography using standard DSA...

The most recent advancements in cancer therapy center on efficiently and conveniently enhancing a patient's natural immune system. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are antibodies that target cytotoxic thymus (T) lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and its receptor. They function by stimulating T-cell activity against malignancies. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are a distinct class of inflammatory side effects that are specific to a given organ. Antineoplastic medications can impact any part of the kidney, leading to the development of proteinuria, hypertension, electrolyte abnormalities, glomerulonephritis, and both acute and chronic interstitial nephritis...

Previously, we found that Wnt and Notch signaling govern stem cells of clear cell kidney cancer (ccRCC) in patients. To mimic stem cell responses in the normal kidney in vitro in a marker-unbiased fashion, we have established tubular organoids (tubuloids) from total single adult mouse kidney epithelial cells in Matrigel and serum-free conditions. Deep proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses revealed that tubuloids resembled renewal of adult kidney tubular epithelia, since tubuloid cells displayed activity of Wnt and Notch signaling, long-term proliferation and expression of markers of proximal and distal nephron lineages...

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Multiple changes occur in hormonal regulation with aging and across various endocrine organs. These changes are associated with multiple age-related disorders and diseases. A better understanding of responsible underling biological mechanisms could help in the management of multiple endocrine disorders over and above hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Cellular senescence is involved in multiple biological aging processes and pathologies common in elderly individuals. Cellular senescence, which occurs in many older individuals but also across the lifespan in association with tissue damage, acute and chronic diseases, certain drugs, and genetic syndromes, may contribute to such endocrine disorders as osteoporosis, metabolic syndrome, and type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM)...

BACKGROUND: Cancer, hypertension, and kidney disease are closely interrelated. Knowledge of the potential hypertensive and nephrotoxic effects of antineoplastic medications is critical to minimizing interruptions in cancer treatment. SUMMARY: Antineoplastic medications can cause hypertension, proteinuria, and kidney injury, often mediated by common mechanisms. Notably, inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway have the strongest association with both hypertension and proteinuria, typically acute in onset and often reversible after drug discontinuation...

We are witnessing a revolution in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Indeed, several immune-based combinations (ICI [immune checkpoint inhibitor] + ICI, or ICI + antiangiogenic agents) have been approved as first-line therapy for mRCC after demonstrating superior efficacy over the previous standard. Despite all the improvements made, safety remains a critical issue, adverse events (AEs) being the main reason for drug discontinuations or dose reductions, ultimately resulting in an increased risk of losing efficacy...