Pediatric jaundice

OBJECTIVES: To identify infants with biliary atresia (BA), European Society of Paediatric Gastroenteroloy and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)/North American Society of Pediatric Gastroenteroloy and Nutrition (NASPGHAN) guidelines recommend measurement of conjugated/direct bilirubin in infants with prolonged jaundice and using a stool colour card (SCC). The 'Quality of Care' Task Force of ESPGHAN performed two surveys to assess current case finding for BA and age at Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE)...

INTRODUCTION: The diagnosis of biliary atresia (BA) remains challenging, and there is still uncertainty regarding the optimal time to perform a Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE). Little is known about the difficulties in the diagnosis and outcomes of BA in preterm infants (PBA). This study, which represents the first Italian report of preterm infants with BA, aims to describe a single-center experience of BA in preterm newborns. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed all infants consecutively diagnosed with BA who underwent a Kasai procedure at the Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital between January 1998 and December 2021...

BACKGROUND: With the widespread use of abdominal ultrasonography (US), incidental detection of common bile duct (CBD) dilatation is common in pediatric populations. This study investigated the causes and clinical significance of CBD dilatation in children without biliary symptoms, jaundice, or causative lesions in US. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed pediatric patients with CBD dilatation from July 2013 to June 2023. All cases were detected via abdominal US...

INTRODUCTION: Raised serum bilirubin levels can cause kernicterus, and premature infants are at increased risk owing to metabolic immaturity. The standard treatment for neonatal jaundice is phototherapy, but probiotics alone can reduce the duration of phototherapy and hospitalisation. OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of phototherapy with and without probiotics for the treatment of indirect hyperbilirubinaemia in preterm neonates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The open-labelled randomised controlled trial was conducted from January 2022 to January 2023 in the neonatal unit of the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital, Pakistan...

Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a common concern in newborns, with ABO blood group incompatibility serving as a significant risk factor for severe jaundice. This case report outlines the successful management of a 2.5 kg female infant born to a primigravida mother with ABO incompatibility-induced hyperbilirubinemia. The neonate, born at 38.4 weeks via lower segment cesarean section, exhibited signs of jaundice at 91 hours of life, prompting screening and subsequent confirmation of serum bilirubin levels 26...

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Periampullary neoplasm is rare in pediatric patients and has constituted a strict indication for pancreatoduodenectomy (PD), which is a procedure sporadically reported in the literature among children. Robotic PD has been routinely performed for periampullary neoplasm in periampullary neoplasm, but only a few cases in pediatric patients have been reported. Here, we report the case of a 3-year-old patient with periampullary rhabdomyosarcoma treated with robotic pylorus-preserving PD and share our experience with this procedure in pediatric patients...

INTRODUCTION: Congenital glucose-galactose malabsorption (CGGM) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that primarily causes chronic intractable diarrhea. This study aims to describe the clinical history, laboratory profile, diagnostic workflow, and management of the first patient reported with CGGM in Mexico. METHODS: The case involves a Mexican female infant with recurrent admissions to the emergency room since birth due to chronic diarrhea. RESULTS: The infant was born at term by C-section with a birth weight of 3...

The patient was a male infant, born full-term, admitted to the hospital at 28 days of age due to jaundice for 20 days and abdominal distension for 15 days. The patient developed symptoms of jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, massive ascites, and progressively worsening liver function leading to liver failure, severe coagulation disorders, and thrombocytopenia one week after birth. Various treatments were administered, including anti-infection therapy, fluid restriction, use of diuretics, use of hepatoprotective and choleretic agents, intermittent paracentesis, blood exchange, and intravenous immunoglobulin, albumin, and plasma transfusions...

AIM: The aim is to study intrahepatic biliary architecture in patients following Kasai's portoenterostomy for extrahepatic biliary atresia using magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a prospective observational study in a cohort of patients who have survived with a complete jaundice-free period for at least 1 year. MRCP was done to look for various intrahepatic architectural changes during their last visit. Findings were correlated with liver functions and growth and development...

BACKGROUND: Cholestatic liver disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality and a leading indication for liver transplantation in children. These include diseases, such as biliary atresia, Alagille syndrome, progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis, sclerosing cholangitis, bile acid synthesis defects, and many others. CASE PRESENTATION: NGS was used as a diagnostic tool to identify the genetic cause in the patient with cholestatic syndrome and to figure out and describe what mutation will be found...

Citrin deficiency is an autosomal recessive metabolic liver disease caused by mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. The disease typically presents with cholestasis, elevated liver enzymes, hyperammonemia, hypercitrullinemia, and fatty liver in young infants, resulting in a phenotype known as "neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency" (NICCD). The diagnosis relies on clinical manifestation, biochemical evidence of hypercitrullinemia, and identifying mutations in the SLC25A13 gene. Several common mutations have been found in patients of East Asian background...

BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice is a condition caused by elevated levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream. Laboratory determination of serum bilirubin concentration by total serum bilirubin (TSB) test is still considered as gold standard for clinical guidance and practice. In developed countries, diagnosis of neonatal jaundice is shifting towards point-of-care medical devices. BiliDx is a device developed to allow a fast, blood-based determination of bilirubin levels at the point of care...

BACKGROUND: Neonatal jaundice is a prevalent illness affecting approximately 60%-80% of newborns. In severe cases, it can result in severe neurological distress. Approximately 1.1 million neonates are affected annually on a global scale, with the vast majority living in sub-Saharan Africa and southern Asia. It is common in newborns in the first week of life. This study aims to assess the magnitude and determinants of jaundice in newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of public hospitals in the city of Dessie in northern Ethiopia...

Neonatal jaundice is a frequent condition in newborns and is commonly treated with phototherapy. We describe the case of a neonate with hemolytic disease of the newborn who developed a rarely described purpuric eruption. Laboratory testing revealed elevated porphyrins.

BACKGROUND: Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2) is an ultra-rare disease caused by mutations in the ABCB11 gene. This study aimed to understand the course of PFIC2 during the native liver period. METHODS: From November 2014 to October 2015, a survey to identify PFIC2 patients was conducted in 207 hospitals registered with the Japanese Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Investigators retrospectively collected clinical data at each facility in November 2018 using pre-specified forms...

INTRODUCTION: Neonatal jaundice and prematurity pose significant barriers to breastfeeding in the first days of life. There is limited literature exploring the relationship between prolonged jaundice in breastfed infants and Gilbert's (Meulengraght) syndrome. This case study describes the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with Gilbert's syndrome in a late preterm breastfed infant born in Germany. MAIN ISSUE: In this case report, an infant born to a primipara woman presented at 3 weeks postpartum to an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant...

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a potential cause of neonatal jaundice. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of consensus regarding appropriate screening practices for UTI in infants with hyperbilirubinemia. This study aimed to analyze a group of jaundiced infants to assess the prevalence of UTI, explore potential risk factors, and examine the impact of UTI on the course and severity of neonatal jaundice. METHODS: This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 150 jaundiced infants (aged < 8 weeks) without a known etiology in the hyperbilirubinemia work-up...

OBJECTIVES: This study describes clinical, biochemical, and histological features and long-term outcomes in pediatric patients diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) at King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan. DESIGN: Retrospective, single-center study. SETTING: King Abdullah University Hospital, Jordan. PARTICIPANTS: Inclusion of all pediatric patients with AIH diagnosed at our hospital from 2015 to 2023. Exclusion criteria was patients aged over 18 at time of diagnosis and those diagnosed elsewhere...