coronary diseases

BACKGROUND: PNPLA3 is a promising target for the treatment of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease. ARO-PNPLA3 is a drug that efficiently lowers PNPLA3 expression in hepatocytes at the mRNA level, resulting in a significant reduction in liver fat in Phase I clinical trials. However, the long-term effects and potential side effects of ARO-PNPLA3 are not well understood. METHODS: We conducted a two-sample, two-step Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the association between PNPLA3 inhibition and 10 cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), as well as the role of lipid traits as mediators...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The relationship between ethnicity and causes of sudden cardiac death (SCD) in athletes is poorly understood. OBJECTIVES: To investigate etiology of SCD among different ethnicities in a large cohort of athletes. METHODS: Between 1994 and November 2022, 7880 cases of SCD were consecutively referred from all over the United Kingdom to our national cardiac pathology centre; 848 (11%) were athletes. All cases underwent detailed autopsy evaluation by expert cardiac pathologists...

We prospectively analyzed clinical and laboratory characteristics associated with cardiac involvement and severe presentation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Of 146 patients, 66 (45.2%) had cardiac dysfunction and 26 (17.8%) had coronary artery abnormalities. Lower serum albumin levels, absolute lymphocyte and platelet counts, and elevated ferritin, fibrinogen, d-dimer and interleukin-6 levels were associated with cardiac dysfunction. Possible treatment complications were identified.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of longitudinal change of sleep patterns in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). METHODS: Based on UK Biobank, a total of 18,172 participants were enrolled. Five dimensions of healthy sleep including early chronotype, sleep 7-8 hours/day, free of insomnia, no snoring, and no frequent excessive daytime sleepiness were used to generate a healthy sleep score (HSS) ranging from 0 to 5. Corresponding to the HSS of 0-1, 2-3, and 4-5, the poor, intermediate, and healthy sleep pattern were defined...

BACKGROUND: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) has been shown to be associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients after an acute coronary syndrome when measured soon after an event. Although dynamic in the acute phase after myocardial injury, GDF-15 has been shown to remain stable during convalescence. In this study, we aimed to assess the value of GDF-15 as a long-term prognostic marker for clinical outcomes when measured in the convalescent phase following an acute coronary syndrome...

The pathogenesis and prognosis of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may be influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Findings on the relationship of polymorphisms in various genes encoding the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with coronary artery lesions and mortality in AMI patients are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine whether the AGTR1 A1166C genetic polymorphism affects coronary artery lesions and 1-year mortality in post-AMI patients. Patients with their first AMI admitted to Cho Ray Hospital, Vietnam, from January 2020 to August 2021 were enrolled in this prospective clinical study...

BACKGROUND: Our understanding of the specific aspects of vascular contributions to dementia remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: We aim to identify the correlates of incident dementia in a multi-ethnic cardiovascular cohort. METHODS: A total of 6806 participants with follow-up data for incident dementia were included. Probable dementia diagnoses were identified using hospitalization discharge diagnoses according to the International Classification of Diseases Codes (ICD)...

BACKGROUND: Faced with the increase in the number of chronic diseases with the aging of the population, and with the observation of the insufficiency of therapeutic control, a new need has emerged, that of having a patient as a partner in care. METHODS: This study is a randomized controlled trial. Patients with coronary heart disease will be recruited from one clinical site and randomly assigned into two groups: the intervention group and the control group. All participants will be followed up for a total of one year (with three-time points for data collection)...

BACKGROUND: Coronary artery spasm (CAS) is a frequent finding in patients presenting with angina pectoris. Although the pathogenesis of CAS is incompletely understood, previous studies suggested a genetic contribution. Our study aimed to elucidate genetic variants in a cohort of European patients with angina and unobstructed coronary arteries who underwent acetylcholine (ACh) provocation testing. METHODS: A candidate association analysis of 208 genes previously associated with cardiovascular conditions was performed using genotyped and imputed variants in patients grouped in epicardial (focal, diffuse) CAS (n = 119) and microvascular CAS (n = 87)...

Automatic segmentation of the coronary artery using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) images can facilitate several analyses related to coronary artery disease (CAD). Accurate segmentation of the lumen or plaque region is one of the most important factors. This study aimed to analyze the performance of the coronary artery segmentation of a software platform with a deep learning-based location-adaptive threshold method (DL-LATM) against commercially available software platforms using CCTA. The dataset from intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) of 26 vessel segments from 19 patients was used as the gold standard to evaluate the performance of each software platform...

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Women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), and preterm birth (PTB) have excess cardiovascular disease compared to those with uncomplicated births, perhaps related to pre-pregnancy inflammation, dysmetabolism or endothelial dysfunction. We included 1238 women in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (1985-2011) with 2215 births classified according to outcomes (term, uncomplicated births were the referent). Repeated measures ANOVA estimated pre-pregnancy, post-pregnancy and biomarker change according to pregnancy outcomes, adjusted for confounders...

OBJECTIVE: To establish the criteria for reversibility of myocardial contractility in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) after coronary artery bypass grafting considering data of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and echocardiography. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We studied the results of coronary artery bypass grafting in 186 patients with CAD complicated by reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (<30%). All patients underwent cardiac MRI and echocardiography before surgery...

BACKGROUND: The process of tissue injury in coronary artery disease (CAD) has been associated with activation of the complement system, partly due to the action of mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and C3, which are expressed in atherosclerotic lesions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum levels of MBL and C3 in patients with CAD and to compare them with healthy controls. Additionally, we aim to assess the correlation between MBL and C3 levels and cardiometabolic parameters...

Purpose: In 2005, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued a decision memorandum regarding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The memorandum recommended the withdrawal of certain NSAIDs due to potential cardiovascular adverse effects. It highlighted the issue of cardiovascular risk associated with NSAIDs as a class. The NSAID medication guide includes a wide range of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), such as increased blood pressure, liver failure, allergic reactions, heart attack, and intestinal bleeding...

BACKGROUND: Epigenetic age estimators (clocks) are predictive of human mortality risk. However, it is not yet known whether the epigenetic age of atherosclerotic plaques is predictive for the risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS: Whole-genome DNA methylation of human carotid atherosclerotic plaques (n=485) and of blood (n=93) from the Athero-Express endarterectomy cohort was used to calculate epigenetic age acceleration (EAA). EAA was linked to clinical characteristics, plaque histology, and future cardiovascular events (n=136)...

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokine, is closely linked to vascular wall thickening and atherosclerotic lesion. Since serum IL-6 levels are largely determined by the genetic variant in IL-6, this study was conducted to investigate whether the IL-6 variant impacts cardiometabolic profile and the risk of premature coronary artery disease (PCAD). PubMed, Cochrane Library, Central, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from May 13, 2022 to June 28, 2023...

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Recent evidence suggests Arab Americans, individuals with ancestry from Arabic-speaking countries, have an elevated risk for CVD compared to other ethnicities in the US. However, research focusing specifically on CVD in this population is limited. This literature review synthesizes studies investigating CVD prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes in Arab Americans. Multiple studies found higher rates of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and hypertension compared to non-Hispanic White participants...

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a leading cause of mortality globally and poses a significant threat to public health. Coronary angiography (CAG) is a gold standard for the clinical diagnosis of CHD, but its invasiveness restricts its widespread application. In this study, we utilized a pulse diagnostic device equipped with pressure and photoelectric sensors to synchronously and non-invasively capture wrist pressure pulse waves and fingertip photoplethysmography (FPPG) of patients undergoing CAG. The extracted features were utilized in constructing random forest-based models to assessing the severity of coronary artery lesions...

Stenosis severity may escalate over the course of coronary artery disease (CAD), increasing the risk of death for the patient. Conventionally, the assessment of stenosis degree relies on invasive coronary angiography (ICA), an invasive examination unsuitable for patients in poor physical condition or those with contrast allergies and one that imposes a psychological burden on patients. Although abnormal serum N-glycan profiles have exhibited robust associations with various cardiovascular diseases, including CAD, their potential in diagnosing CAD stenosis remains to be determined...