Awr

Though the detailed pathological mechanism of post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) remains unclear, accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and inflammation are implicated in the process of PI-IBS. Oxidative stress and inflammation are regulated by Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways, respectively. EphA2, a member of Eph receptor family, promotes oxidative stress and inflammatory responses via regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathways in various types of human diseases. Understanding the mechanisms by which EphA2 regulate oxidative stress and inflammation in PI-IBS is important for the development of new strategies to treat PI-IBS...

Objective We aimed to investigate the mechanism of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) circuit in the pathogenesis of visceral pain-depression with a rat model induced by neonatal and adult colorectal distension (CRD). Methods Neonate male Sprague-Dayley (SD) rats underwent CRD on postnatal days 8, 10, and 12, and when matured, were tested for adult abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) scores to assess visceral hypersensitivity. The forced swimming test was employed to evaluate depression-like behaviors...

BACKGROUND: Clinical monitoring is the most common method of adjusting the appropriate level of general anesthesia. However, episodes of intraoperative awareness (AWR) are still reported, suggesting that clinical observations may not be sufficient in some cases. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of clinical and instrumental neuromonitoring with auditory evoked potentials (AEP) in an intraoperative analysis of the proper level of general anesthesia. METHODS: Patients scheduled for elective surgery were randomly divided into two groups...

Increasing evidence implicates brain ghrelin in a wide variety of physiological functions. Among its gastrointestinal functions, ghrelin is known to act centrally to regulate gastrointestinal motility. Visceral sensation is one of the key gastrointestinal functions controlled by the central nervous system. Little is, however, known about the role of central ghrelin in visceral sensation. The present study thus aimed to clarify whether brain ghrelin is involved in visceral sensation. Visceral sensation was evaluated by the colonic distension-induced abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) in conscious rats...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the incidence of and the risk factors for readmission in patients who underwent abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) using acellular dermal matrix (ADM) and assess whether readmission affects AWR long-term outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective, single-center study of patients underwent AWR with ADM was conducted. The primary outcome was the incidence of unplanned readmission within 30 days after the initial discharge post-AWR. Secondary outcomes were surgical site occurrence (SSO) and hernia recurrence at follow-up...

BACKGROUND: The repair of difficult abdominal wall defects (AWDs) continues to be a crucial and demanding issue for surgeons. This study aimed to present the risk factors and the long-term results of usage of an expanded-polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE) synthetic mesh for the AWR of difficult abdominal wall defects. METHODS: This study included 156 adult patients who underwent difficult AWR with e-PTFE mesh for incisional hernia, ventral hernia, and created AWDs of various etiopathologies...

AIM: To evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant (LGG-s) on the expression of serotonin transporter (SERT) in rats with post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS). METHODS: Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 (1010 CFU/mL) was used to induce intestinal infection to develop a PI-IBS model. After evaluation of the post-infectious phase by biochemical tests, DNA agarose gel electrophoresis, abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) test, and the intestinal motility test, four PI-IBS groups received different concentrations of LGG-s for 4 wk...

BACKGROUND: Cytoreduction surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) improve survival and decrease recurrence of peritoneal metastasis in a select population of patients. Abdominal wall resection is often needed to achieve complete CRS and the extent of abdominal wall resection may necessitate abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). We sought to investigate if postoperative morbidity and mortality was increased in patients who underwent AWR with CRS-HIPEC (AWR group) compared to CRS-HIPEC without AWR (non-AWR group) and to identify if patient, tumor, and operative risk factors were associated with poor outcomes following AWR...

AIMS: Estrogens are known to exert a wide spectrum of actions on brain functions including modulation of pain. Besides the circulating estrogens produced mainly by the ovaries, many brain regions are also capable of de novo synthesizing estrogens, which may exert important modulatory effects on neuronal functions. This study was aimed to test the hypothesis that aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to estradiols, may be distributed in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), where it may impact on visceral pain...

AIM: To investigate the effects of herb-partitioned moxibustion (HPM) on phosphorylation of mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)1, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) in spinal cord of rats with chronic inflammatory visceral pain (CIVP), and to explore the central mechanism of HPM in treating CIVP. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into normal, model, HPM, sham-HPM, MEK-inhibitor and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) groups...

Despite advances in trauma care, a subset of patients surviving damage control cannot achieve fascial closure and require split-thickness skin grafting (STSG) of their open abdomen. Controversy exists as to whether reconstruction of the gastrointestine (GI) should be staged or performed at the time of abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). Many surgeons do not believe that operations through the STSG can be completed safely or without loss of graft. This series reviews the outcomes of operations for GI reconstruction performed through the elevated healed STSG...

Ideal fixation techniques have not been fully elucidated at the time of complex open abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR). We compared operative outcomes and quality of life with retromuscular mesh fixation using fibrin glue (FG) versus transfascial sutures (TS). Retrospective review identified complex hernia patients who underwent open AWR with mesh from November 2012 through April 2016. Multivariate analysis examined postoperative outcomes between groups. Quality of life was assessed using the Carolinas Comfort Scale...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of retrograde colonic electrical stimulation (RCES) with trains of short pulses and RCES with long pulses on colonic transit in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) rats and to investigate whether stress-induced visceral hypersensitivity could be alleviated by RCES so as to find a valuable new approach for IBS treatment. METHODS: A total of 48 male rats were randomly divided into model group and control group. Visceral hypersensitivity model was induced by a 6-day HIS protocol composed of two stressors, restraint stress for 40 min and forced swimming stress for 20 min...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), defined as recurrent abdominal pain and changes in bowel habits, seriously affects quality of life and ability to work. Ghrelin is a brain-gut hormone, which has been reported to show antinociceptive effects in peripheral pain. We investigated the effect of ghrelin on visceral hypersensitivity and pain in a rat model of IBS. METHODS: Maternal deprivation (MD) was used to provide a stress-induced model of IBS in Wistar rats...

BACKGROUND: Open abdominal wall reconstruction (AWR) was previously one of the only methods available to treat complex ventral hernias. We set out to identify the impact of laparoscopy and robotics on our AWR program by performing an economic analysis before and after the institution of minimally invasive AWR. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed inpatient hospital costs and economic factors for a consecutive series of 104 AWR cases that utilized separation of components technique (57 open, 38 laparoscopic, 9 robotic)...

The aim of this study was to establish an appropriate rat model to study the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) analgesia on acute visceral hyperalgesia. Adult rats received colorectal instillation with different concentrations of acetic acid (AA). Treatment with EA was performed for 30 min at bilateral acupoints of ST-36 and ST-37 in the hind limbs. The visceral sensation of all rats was quantified by scores of abdominal withdrawal reflex (AWR) and discharges of rectus abdominis electromyogram (EMG) in response to colorectal distension (CRD)...

BACKGROUND: Studies of abdominal wall reconstruction with concurrent panniculectomy have reported contradictory results. The authors hypothesized that patients undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction with concurrent panniculectomy experience more wound healing complications but similar rates of hernia recurrence compared with abdominal wall reconstruction alone. METHODS: Of 548 consecutive patients, 305 patients (55.7 percent) underwent abdominal wall reconstruction alone and 243 (44...

An indicator, agricultural water stress index (AWSI), was established based blue-green water resources and water footprint framework for regional water scarcity in agricultural production industry evaluation. AWSI is defined as the ratio of the total agricultural water footprint (AWF) to water resources availability (AWR) in a single year. Then, the temporal and spatial patterns of AWSI in China during 1999-2014 were analyzed based on the provincial AWR and AWF quantification. The results show that the annual AWR in China has been maintained at approximately 2540Gm3 , of which blue water accounted for >70%...

BACKGROUND: Transversus abdominis release (TAR) has evolved as an effective approach to complex abdominal wall reconstructions. Although the role of robotics in hernia surgery is rapidly expanding, the benefits of a robotic approach for abdominal wall reconstruction have not been established well. We aimed to compare the impact of the application of robotics to the TAR procedure on the perioperative outcomes when compared to the open TAR repairs. METHODS: Case-matched comparison of patients undergoing robotic TAR (R-TAR) at two specialized hernia centers to a matched historic cohort of open TAR (O-TAR) patients was performed...

Serotonin (5-HT) is an important neurotransmitter and paracrine signaling molecule in the gastrointestinal tract. Two distinct tryptophan hydroxylases (TPH), TPH1 and TPH2, are the rate-limiting enzymes in the 5-HT biosynthesis process. TPH1 expression is mainly limited in the enterochromaffin cells and distributed in peripheries such as the skin and gut, while TPH2 is the predominant isoform in the CNS. In this study, mol002291 was screened as a drug-like compound from the TCM database for the inhibitor of TPH...